Organic-Based Sources; Landfill Methane; Biomass energy; Hydropower ; Flowing water (Hydroelectric); Tidal power (waves and tides); Wave; Geothermal Energy (Geothermal power); Hydrogen Energy; Solar energy: (Energy from sunlight Rapid growing) ; Wind Energy
Organic-Based Sources; Landfill Methane; Biomass energy; Hydropower ; Flowing water (Hydroelectric); Tidal power (waves and tides); Wave; Geothermal Energy (Geothermal power); Hydrogen Energy; Solar energy: (Energy from sunlight Rapid growing) ; Wind Energy
Renewable sources of energy
WHAT is renewable energy?
WHY renewable energy?
TYPES of renewable energy.
Potential of renewable energy.
This is a non-animated version.
For animated version of the ppt contact: ajay.jakhar41@gmail.com
Renewable energy Sources, Efficiency, Uses and latest Research Zohaib HUSSAIN
1. Introduction
In today's world of climbing fuel prices, approaching the peak oil supply limit, and discussions of global warming, renewable energy is gaining more public attention and receiving more financial and legislative support. We need to learn more about the different types of renewable energy so that you can help educate your family, friends, and policymakers about ways to help our country move towards energy independence and environmental sustainability. According to a USAID report, Pakistan has the potential of producing 150,000 megawatts of wind energy, of which only the Sindh corridor can produce 40,000 megawatts.
2. Definition
Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, hot water/space heating, motor fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.
3. Types of Renewable Energy
Most Countries currently relies heavily on coal, oil, and natural gas for its energy. Fossil fuels are non-renewable, that is, they draw on finite resources that will eventually dwindle, becoming too expensive or too environmentally damaging to retrieve. In contrast, renewable energy resources such as wind and solar energy are constantly replenished and will never run out.
Most renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from the sun. Sunlight, or solar energy, can be used directly for heating and lighting homes and other buildings, for generating electricity, and for hot water heating, solar cooling, and a variety of commercial and industrial uses.
The sun's heat also drives the winds, whose energy, is captured with wind turbines. Then, the winds and the sun's heat cause water to evaporate. When this water vapor turns into rain or snow and flows downhill into rivers or streams, its energy can be captured using hydroelectric power. Along with the rain and snow, sunlight causes plants to grow. The organic matter that makes up those plants is known as biomass. Biomass can be used to produce electricity, transportation fuels, or chemicals. The use of biomass for any of these purposes is called bioenergy.
Hydrogen also can be found in many organic compounds, as well as water. It's the most abundant element on the Earth. But it doesn't occur naturally as a gas. It's always combined with other elements, such as with oxygen to make water. Once separated from another element, hydrogen can be burned as a fuel or converted into electricity.
Not all renewable energy resources come from the sun. Geothermal energy taps the Earth's internal heat for a variety of uses, including electric power production, and the heating and cooling of buildings. And the energy of the ocean's tides come from the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun upon the Earth.
In fact, ocean energy comes from a number of sources. In add
Renewable sources of energy
WHAT is renewable energy?
WHY renewable energy?
TYPES of renewable energy.
Potential of renewable energy.
This is a non-animated version.
For animated version of the ppt contact: ajay.jakhar41@gmail.com
Renewable energy Sources, Efficiency, Uses and latest Research Zohaib HUSSAIN
1. Introduction
In today's world of climbing fuel prices, approaching the peak oil supply limit, and discussions of global warming, renewable energy is gaining more public attention and receiving more financial and legislative support. We need to learn more about the different types of renewable energy so that you can help educate your family, friends, and policymakers about ways to help our country move towards energy independence and environmental sustainability. According to a USAID report, Pakistan has the potential of producing 150,000 megawatts of wind energy, of which only the Sindh corridor can produce 40,000 megawatts.
2. Definition
Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, hot water/space heating, motor fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.
3. Types of Renewable Energy
Most Countries currently relies heavily on coal, oil, and natural gas for its energy. Fossil fuels are non-renewable, that is, they draw on finite resources that will eventually dwindle, becoming too expensive or too environmentally damaging to retrieve. In contrast, renewable energy resources such as wind and solar energy are constantly replenished and will never run out.
Most renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from the sun. Sunlight, or solar energy, can be used directly for heating and lighting homes and other buildings, for generating electricity, and for hot water heating, solar cooling, and a variety of commercial and industrial uses.
The sun's heat also drives the winds, whose energy, is captured with wind turbines. Then, the winds and the sun's heat cause water to evaporate. When this water vapor turns into rain or snow and flows downhill into rivers or streams, its energy can be captured using hydroelectric power. Along with the rain and snow, sunlight causes plants to grow. The organic matter that makes up those plants is known as biomass. Biomass can be used to produce electricity, transportation fuels, or chemicals. The use of biomass for any of these purposes is called bioenergy.
Hydrogen also can be found in many organic compounds, as well as water. It's the most abundant element on the Earth. But it doesn't occur naturally as a gas. It's always combined with other elements, such as with oxygen to make water. Once separated from another element, hydrogen can be burned as a fuel or converted into electricity.
Not all renewable energy resources come from the sun. Geothermal energy taps the Earth's internal heat for a variety of uses, including electric power production, and the heating and cooling of buildings. And the energy of the ocean's tides come from the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun upon the Earth.
In fact, ocean energy comes from a number of sources. In add
Michigan Energy Forum - December 6, 2012AnnArborSPARK
Natural gas has dropped in price drastically in the last several years thanks to new drilling technologies such as "fracking." This change in the economics of power generation is prompting manufacturers to explore gas powered co-generation and prompting utilities faced with an aging fleet of coal fired power plants to consider replacing them with gas powered electrical power plants in light of their cheaper costs. Burning less coal could reduce polution and GHG emissions, but fracking raises some concerns about ground water and safety. We will discuss the impact of fracking on natural gas prices and its impact on our fuel source mix and the economic opportunities, environmental impacts, regulations, and concerns being raised by this technology and market dynamics it is facilitating.
SCOPING OF NEXT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE “COMPLEX (CONSOLIDATED) SAFET...НАЕК «Енергоатом»
The presentation provides information about the reassessment of the impact on the environment during CCSUP implementation (with regard to modifications made in CCSUP in 2012 - 2015, its measures, completed during that period, as well as the actual changes in the environmental situation and its monitoring procedures, which took place since the completion of the previous CCSUP EA)
This Presentation covers the introduction of EIA, nuclear power plant with its advantages and disadvantages, nuclear fission and fusion reaction and the detailed portion of the nuclear power plant of Karachi, Pakistan.
An Evaluation of EIA report of Norochcholai Coal Power Plant Sri LankaPabasara Gunawardane
The Lakvijaya power station or the Norochcholai power plant is the first coal fired power plant in Sri Lanka which is located in Narakkalli, Norochcholai in Puttalam district. It was proposed to establish in 1993 and was suspended the construction due to protests by the villagers and environmentalists. The environmental impact assessment (EIA) was conducted regarding the project in 1998 and the constructions began in 2006. The phase one with a capacity of 300MW was commissioned in 2010.
Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) was the project proponent and Coast Conservation Department was the project approving agency for the project along with the central environment authority. The EIA Report (EIAR) mainly focused on the power station land, the transmission line land, marine resources and sea water quality, ground water resources and quality, cooling water effluents, solid & liquid wastes, air quality & noise and socio-economic aspects of the area.
The effects from fly ash and bottom ash, emission of SO2, NO2 & other gases, impact from discharging of warm water to the ocean, effects on livelihood of residents were the major predicted impacts of the project. Necessary mitigation measures were also suggested by the EIAR.
But, as the power plant operates, several other impacts which were not mentioned in the EIAR were also identified.
Frequent proper monitoring of emissions and impacts, conducting researches and studies on the power station and the related environment, using fly ash as a raw material for other industries and encouragement of alternative energy sources other than coal power can be proposed as recommendations.
Environmental and Social Impacts of Hydro-Electric Dams in Chamba District o...Hasrat Arjjumend
Having 4300 large dams already constructed and many more in pipeline, India is one of world's most prolific dam-builders. Large dams in India are estimated to have submerged about 37500 km2 land area and displaced tens of millions of people. Himachal Pradesh is proceeding towards power-surplus state and there are as many as 401 projects of different magnitude in different stages of installation on 5 river basins of the state i.e. Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Yamuna. State has identified its hydropower generation potential at 23,000 MW. The ecological devastation caused by various projects at lower altitudes of Himachal Pradesh has been alarming; while the prospect of what will happen to the fragile alpine ecosystem is frightening. These projects will change the microclimate that will result in accelerated melting of the snow and glaciers at high altitudes. Like other river basins of the state, hydro-electric power generation in Chamba district was started in 1980s, with 117 mini & micro power projects in different stages of execution at present. Having the special focus on Hul projects the present paper explores the impacts of various dams on environment and local people in Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. About 6000 local people are being affected by Hul-I project only. The consequences to nature and wildlife will also prove disastrous. As of now, the wildlife such as deer, bear, goat, tiger and peacock do not enter the fields of farmers. Deforestation and soil erosion are even more devastating. Making the situation even more absurd is that the benefits of these power plants do not go to the community suffering the consequences. Gujjar and Gaddi tribes in the state of Himachal Pradesh have been agitating against 4.5 MW hydropower plant from diverting the entire flow of the Hul stream, on which their lives depend. These communities have for more than two decades protected and preserved the forests from which Hul stream originates. The project’s pipeline is said to destroy about 2000 of slow-growing oak trees. Livelihood and social impacts of poorly planned mini-hydel projects can be thus devastating, as exemplified in this case.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Lecture 5
Continuing Fossil Fuels & Renewable Resources
May 4, 2016
Oil
Like coal, most of the oil on Earth was formed millions of years ago
Certain warm shallow seas, such as the Gulf of Mexico and Tethys Sea were so ideal for life that organic material was formed faster than it could decompose
Large masses of organic material became buried at the sea bottom, were heated and pressurized, forming oil.
The present day distribution of oil lines up with these ancient shallow seas
Majority of oil reserves are in Middle Eastern countries
In elemental composition, oil is similar to coal
Mostly carbon, but also hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur
As a liquid, oil can be distilled (separated) into other fuels such as gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuel
Oil Extraction
As a liquid, oil can be pumped directly out of the ground. This eliminates the need for mining.
A long drill is used to bore deep into the Earth to reach the deposit.
The hole is lined with a steel pipe and cement.
The top is outfitted with a collection of pipes and valves
The ease of transporting oil has enabled drilling at very remote locations
At its peak, Alaska accounted for about 25% of the U.S. oil production
It is transported to the southern ports of the state through the Alaska Oil Pipeline.
As a liquid, oil can also escape more easily, forming an oil spill
Oil spills are devastating to marine life
Penetrates through the fur and feathers of animals, reducing their ability to fly, float, and insulate themselves
Benthic organisms, living at the bottom of the sea, can be suffocated
Entire populations of krill and plankton can be wiped out
Oil Reserves
Of the fossil fuels, oil has been the most quickly depleted
Peak oil is defined as the point at which all known oil reserves have been tapped and production will begin declining in the following years.
The U.S. reached its peak production in the 1970s
The estimated date of worldwide peak oil is unknown
OPEC
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is comprised of 13 countries.
Members: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.
In 2010, OPEC holds about 77% of the entire world’s crude oil reserves.
The U.S. has only about 2% of the world’s proven oil reserves. China has 1.1% and India has 0.4%. Japan as none
It will be necessary to find alternatives to or other sources of crude oil to sustain the today’s usage.
Natural Gas
Natural gas is actually a mixtures of gases
50-90% methane
Smaller amounts of propane and butane
As a gas, it is the most difficult fossil fuel to transport
A supply of natural gas exists above most oil wells, however, if no pipelines are nearby, it will often simply be burned off.
Natural gas has a relatively small amount of pollution produced by burning it (Only two waste products-CO2 & Water vapor)
Natural Gas Extraction
Hydraulic Fracturing or Fracking-a controversial technique used ...
Prospect of Coal Based IGCC to Meet the Clean Energy ChallengeIJERA Editor
The development of a country is nearly proportional to the average per person energy consumption rate, which is very low in our country. However, the rate of average energy consumption is increasing day by day throughout the world. With increasing the production of energy, the problem of environment pollution from the power generation sources and energy efficiency becomes more imperative. Coal is the major source of primary energy of the world, however, the energy efficiency of coal based power plant is low, and also it significantly polluted the environment. Therefore, to improve the energy efficiency and reduce the pollution from coal based power plant is an important issue to discuss. In this paper, the primary reserves of energy throughout the world are discussed. Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is a latest technology used to improve the performance of coal based power plant. The process of IGCC and the present condition of IGCC throughout the world is discussed. Finally the advantages of IGCC and necessity of moving towards IGCC from convention coal based power plant is discussed in terms of cost, efficiency and environmental issues.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
2. 6.1.1 INDIAN SCENARIO
6.1.2 CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES
6.1.3 NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES
6.2.1 Energy
6.2.2 Renewable energy
6.2.3 Non-Renewable
6.2.4 Environmental issues
6.2.5 Global Warming
6.3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF COAL BASED
POWER PLANTS [G.T.U-MARCH-2009,JANUARY-
2011,MARCH-2012]
6.3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF NUCLEAR
POWER PLANTS [G.T.U-MARCH-2009,JUNE-2010]
6.3.3 PROBLEMS DUE TO OVER USE OF ENERGY
RESOURCES [G.T.U-MARCH/JUNE-2010,JULY-2011]
3. Energy is vital source for economic and social development.
To meet the increasing demand for energy, concrete efforts
have to be made to improve existing technology and to
develop new approaches in conventional sources.
The role of new renewable sources of energy now a days has
become important.
Energy utilization, irrespective of the energy source, has
environmental consequences like:-
1) greenhouse effect
2) global warming
Nuclear energy raises environmental concerns about long-
term storage of radioactive waste.
An understanding of these consequences and how to deal
with them requires knowledge on energy resources it
generation an utilization.
6. Coal is the main source of energy in India,
accounting for about 55% responsibility of energy,
followed by petroleum oil and natural gas.
Energy source % share
1). Coal 55%
2). Petroleum oil 31%
3). Natural gas 08%
4). Hydro power 05%
5). Nuclear power 1%
6.1.1
7. The energy which gets exhausted with use
and cannot be replaced are called
conventional energy sources.
These includes:-
1). Fossil fuels – petroleum, oil, coal,
natural gas
2). Nuclear energy – uranium, thorium
6.1.2
8. 1. Fossil fuels 6.1.2.1
• Fossil fuels includes petroleum (liquid), coal
(solid) & natural gas (gaseous).
• About 90% of the world’s energy demands are
met by burning fossils fuels.
PETROLEUM :
Petroleum is the main element of fossil fuel available in
liquid state. It is highly inflammable. It is formed from the
remains of plants & animals, which were buried in the
earth crust. Different components of the crude oil are
separated fractional
Gasoline – used in automobiles and aircrafts
Diesel – used in automobiles and locomotives
6.1.2.1
9. COAL 6.1.2.2
This is the most abundant and easily available fossil fuel. It
is solid fossil fuel formed by partial decomposition plants
deposition in layers at varying depths.
6.1.2.2
11. 1. Nuclear energy 6.1.2.3
• A small amount of radioactive material can
produce enormous amount of energy.
• Uranium -235 is the most popular radioactive
element used for producing nuclear energy.
• 1 tonne of uranium -235 will produce as much as
energy as by three million tones of coal or 12
million barrels of oil.
• Nuclear energy can be released to generate
electricity by two nuclear processes :
(i) Nuclear fission
(ii) Nuclear fusion
6.1.2
12. The energy sources which are capable of
being replaced or renewed by natural
processes are called Non-conventional
energy sources.
These natural resources are in exhaustible
and can be used to produce energy again
& again. Therefore they are also called
Alternate energy sources.
6.1.3
13. The important non- conventional energy
sources are :-
1. Solar energy
2. Wind energy
3. Hydropower energy
4. Biomass energy
5. Tidal energy
6. Geothermal energy
7. Hydrogen energy & fuel cell
6.1.3
14. 1. Solar energy 6.1.3.1
• The sun is a source of solar energy.
• It is a large hydrogen reactor in which continuous nuclear
fusion reaction produces enormous amount of energy, in
the form of solar radiation.
• The sun is 150 million kilometers away from the earth and
its rays losses most of their energy while travelling.
• Only 4% of the total solar energy reaches the earth,
which is approximately 1kwh/sq. m of flat land on the
earth.
6.1.3.1
17. Energy
Energy is the ability to do work. The word
‘work’ means transferring energy from one place
to another. energy is neither destroyed nor
created. It can only be changed.
6.2.1
20. Those sources of energy which are being produced
continuously in nature and will never be
exhausted, are called renewable sources of
energy.
Renewable Energy 6.2.2
6.2.2
21. Those sources of energy which have been produced
in nature over a very, very long time and cannot be
quickly replaced when exhausted, are called non
renewable sources of energy.
Non-renewable Energy 6.2.3
6.2.3
22. Coal is the most abundant
fossil fuel in the world.
During the formation of
coal, carbonaceous matter
was first compressed into a
spongy material called
"peat," which is about 90%
water. As the peat became
more deeply buried, the
increased pressure and
temperature turned it into
coal.
Coal 6.2.3.1
6.2.3.1
23. OIL 6.2.3.2
Crude oil or liquid petroleum,
is a fossil fuel that is refined
into many different energy
products (e.g., gasoline, diesel
fuel, jet fuel, heating oil). Oil
forms underground in rock
such as shale, which is rich in
organic materials.
6.2.3.2
24. In most electric power plants,
water is heated and converted
into steam, which drives a
turbine-generator to produce
electricity. Fossil-fueled power
plants produce heat by burning
coal, oil, or natural gas. In a
nuclear power plant, the fission
of uranium atoms in the reactor
provides the heat to produce
steam for electricity.
Nuclear power 6.2.3.3
6.2.3.3
25. Natural gas production is often a by-
product of oil recovery, as the two
commonly share underground reservoirs.
Natural gas is a mixture of gases, the
most common being methane (CH4). It
also contains some ethane (C2H6),
propane (C3H8), and butane (C4H10).
Natural gas is usually not contaminated
with sulfur and is therefore the cleanest
burning fossil fuel.
Natural gas 6.2.3.4
6.2.3.4
29. Burning forests and decay of wood after
logging contribute to the release of
greenhouse gases
Loss of biodiversity
Forests are important parts of hydrologic
cycle in nature
6.2.4.1
33. Land/soil erosion
Formation of sinkholes,
Loss of biodiversity in the area
Contamination of groundwaters by
chemicals from the mining process and
products.
Abandoned mines can still pose safety
hazards such as deadly gases
6.2.4.4
39. Melting of permafrost and polar ice
Rising sea level
Spread of pests and disease
Ecological impacts (e.g. disturbed life cycle
of flora-fauna)
6.2.5
40. This image is of the Easton Glacier on Mount Baker in
the North Cascades of Washington taken in 2003. It
shows the terminus position of the glacier in 1985 as well.
6.2.5
42. Free access and unrestricted demand for a
finite resource ultimately dooms the resource
through over-exploitation.
Release of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere is one example. As everyone
can release carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere with little personal consequence,
people tends to care very little about limiting
its emission.
6.2.5
44. INTRODUCTION
6.3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF
COAL BASED POWER PLANTS [G.T.U-
MARCH-2009,JANUARY-2011,MARCH-
2012]
6.3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS [G.T.U-
MARCH-2009,JUNE-2010]
6.3.3 PROBLEMS DUE TO OVER USE OF
ENERGY RESOURCES [G.T.U-
MARCH/JUNE-2010,JULY-2011]
46. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN COAL
BASED POWER GENERATION [6.3.1]
Air Pollution :- High particulate matter emission levels due to
burning of inferior grade coal which
leads to generation of large quantity of fly ash
Emissions of SO2, NOx & Green house gas
(CO2) are also matter of concern
Water Pollution :- Mainly caused by the effluent discharge from ash
ponds, condenser cooling /cooling tower, DM
plant and Boiler blow down.
6.3.1
47. Noise Pollution :- High noise levels due to release of high pressure
steam and running of fans and motors
Land Degradation :- About 100 million tonnes of fly ash is generated by
use of coal far energy production. The disposal of
such large quantity of fly ash has occupied
thousands hectares of land which includes
agricultural and forest land too.
6.3.1
49. Air Pollutants and its impact on human
health
Particulate Matter
Dust and smoke particles cause irritation of the
respiratory tract and produce bronchitis, asthma
and lung diseases.
Dust and smoke function as nuclei for
condensation of water vapors and produce smog
which attract chemicals like SO2, H2S, NO2,etc.
Smog not only reduce visibility but is also harmful
due to its contained chemicals.
6.3.1.1
50. Pollutants Emissions (in tones/day)
CO2 424650
Particulate
Matter
4374
SO2 3311
NOx 4966
6.3.1.1
51. Share of Suspended Particulate Matter Load
(tonnes/day) by Different Categories of
Industries (With Control Device), Total Load =
5365 tonnes/day
Sugar
10%
Thermal
Power
Plants
82%
Others
1%
Cement
7%
6.3.1.1
52. Water which is discharged from the power
plants in to the water bodies have 10-16⁰c
higher temperature than the receiving
waters which lead to thermal pollution.
This thermal pollution cause reduction in
dissolved oxygen which effects the
aquatic animals.
Also the heat sensitive organisms will die.
6.3.1.2
55. Erosion
Loss of biodiversity
Loss or change of soil quality
6.3.1.4
56. Nuclear power plants generate large
amount of deadly nuclear radioactive
waste.
The low level waste must be stored safely
for 100-500 years, while the high level
waste remains radio active for very long
period, roughly 240,000 years.
The effects may be somatic or genetic
damage.
6.3.2
59. Chernobyl Nuclear accident of level 7 {INES} [IN
RUSSIA] is the worst nuclear disaster in the history,
it occurred on 26 April 1986.more than 2000 people
died and 5,75,000 people exposed.
IN 1952 first nuclear accident in at chalk river of
level 5 {INES} in Canada, In 2011 Fukushima in
Japan of level 5 {INES}
Till today total 21 accidents of nuclear power plants
occurs.
[International Nuclear Events Scale]
Nuclear power plants also cause thermal pollution
causing damage to the aquatic life.
Mining of uranium and other radioactive elements
also cause some radioactive pollution
6.3.2
60. Following are the some of the important
problems which will arise due to over use of
energy resources.
1)Extinction of resources:-Non renewable
resources like coal , crude oil , etc will be
completely depleted in the next 35-40 years
as they are in limited quantity.
2)Pollution:-Over use of energy resources
results in lot of emission of SO2, NOx , CO2 ,
particulate matter.
6.3.3
62. 3)Economical Effects:-As these resources will
get depleted , cost will increase which will
seriously effects the economy and the
development of nation as large funds are
diverted to import resources.
4)Need for development of new technology for
the use of alternative fuels:-The machineries
and vehicles which are using conventional
resources will become obsolete as their will be
no fuel to run them , so new technology has to
be developed using which alternative fuels can
be using for running vehicles and equipments.
6.3.3