Two main types of instruments for fluorescence analysis are filter fluorimeters and spectrofluorometers. Filter fluorimeters use filters and monochromators to select excitation and emission wavelengths, while spectrofluorometers use a light source, filters or monochromators to select excitation wavelengths, and detectors to measure emission intensities of multiple wavelengths simultaneously. Lasers provide high intensity light at narrow wavelengths but have limited tunability, while other sources like mercury and xenon lamps have adjustable wavelengths but lower intensity. Monochromators are used to precisely select wavelengths but cannot block all stray light.

1. INSTRUMENTATION:
Two basic types of Instruments
exists
1.FILTER FLOUROMETRES
2.SPECTRO

4. 1) SOURCE OF LIGHT
2) FILTERS AND
MONOCHROMATORS
3) SAMPLE CELLS
4) DETECTORS

6. I. LASERS.
II. MERCURY ARC LAMP
III. XENON ARC LAMP
IV. TUNGSTEN LAMP.

7.  Laser can only limit light of high
irradiance
 Narrow wavelength
thus. makes excitation unnecessary.
Disadvantage:
wavelength can not vary much

9. A. Excitation monochromators
B. Emission monochromators
• Filters or monochromator may be used in
fluorimeter
• A monochromator transmits light with
adjustable wavelength
• Ideal monochromator transmit light in the
specified range and high wavelength
• No monochromator is perfect ___transmit
some stray light

10.  Single channel ;
Detect the intensity of one wavelength at a
time
 Multi channel;
Detects intensity of all wavelengths
simultaneously, making the emission
monochromator or filter unnecessary.