This document discusses different types of scaffolding and formwork used in construction. It outlines four major types of scaffolding - brick-layer scaffolding, mason's scaffolding, needle scaffolding, and steel scaffolding. It also discusses different materials used for formwork like timber, plywood, steel, and aluminum and their advantages. Centering is defined as the part of formwork that supports horizontal surfaces like beam bottoms and slabs.

2. INTRODUCTION
 Formwork or shuttering and types of it and new technics or new technology of
formwork.
 Centering is hardly similar to formwork or shuttering, and types of centering.
 Scaffolding and many types of it.

3.  It is a temporary structure used
to support a work crew and
materials to aid in the
construction.
 Maintenance and repair of
buildings, bridges and all other
man made structures.
 There are four major types of
scaffolding.
I. Brick-layers or single
scaffolding,
II. Mason’s scaffolding or double
scaffolding,
III. Needle scaffolding or
cantilever.
IV. Steel scaffolding.
SCAFFOLDING:-

4.  In this type of
scaffolding
includes a single
framework of
ledgers, standard
and putlogs.
 In this case
standards are
placed at 2 to 2.5m
interval.
 This scaffolding is
commonly
employed for
bricklaying.
BRICK-LAYER OR SINGLE SCAFFOLDING

6. MASON’S OR DOUBLE SCAFFOLDING
 This type of scaffolding is commonly provided in case of stone
masonry because it is very difficult to make holes into the wall for
giving the grip to putlogs.
 In such scaffolding independent framework is done with standards,
ledgers, putlogs are firmly tied to ledgers.
 For better stability, framework is supported by rackers.

8.  Tis type of
scaffolding is used if,
i. Ground is weak to
support the
standards,
ii. Construction is
done in busy street
or road,
iii. Construction of
upper part of the
wall is to be done.
 In such case, needles
are supported by
strut which is
commonly fixed at
opening.
NEEDLE OR CANTILEVER SCAFFOLDING

9. STEEL SCAFFOLDING
 A steel scaffolding is quite similar to timber scaffolding, only difference
is that material used in such scaffolding is steel instead of timber.
 Erection of this scaffolding is rather fast and it can also dismantle
rapidly.
 Lashings are here replaced by steel couples or fittings.
 Its initial cost is more, but it can be used for longer period.
 Only drawback is that, it is heavy to transport from one placed to
another, skilled labour is required for erection and dismantling.

10. FORMWORK AND CENTERING
 Form work : All arrangement done to support the green concrete till it
attains the strength is known as form work or temporary work.
o Form work determines the geometry, shape. size and finish of the form
work.
 Types of formwork:
1) Timber formwork,
2) Plywood formwork,
3) Steel formwork,
4) S-formwork.
 Requirement for good formwork.

12.  TIMBER FORMWORK:
1. The timber is the most widely used and universally adopted formwork
material.
2. It is cheaper, easily available, easy to fix, impact resistant, easy to
remove, can be used several number of times, can give larger level
surface and can be used to obtain any geometrical shape.
Sheeting for slab, beam,
column side and beam
bottom.
25mm to 40mm thick
Joints and ledges 50 x 70mm to 50 x 250 mm
Posts 75 x 100 mm to 100 x
100mm

14. PLYWOOD FORMWORK:-
 Most common material use for facing panel.
 Easily cut to shape on site.
 It can be used many times.
 Thinner plywood used to facilitate bending.
 The main advantage is that large panel surface
are available.
 The fixing of forms is rapid and economical. It
does not warp, swell and shrink during the
setting of concrete.
 It has high impact resistance.

16. STEEL FORMWORK:-
 Steel formwork are commonly employed for big project, where the
forms are to be repeatedly used.
 They give smooth surfaces needing very little finishing. These prove to
be economical and are best suited for circular columns and flat slab
construction.
 Generally, we can say that:
1) They are easy to assemble.
2) Gives smooth surface.
3) High strength and impact value.
4) For big project if produced on large scale they are economical
otherwise highly costed.

18. ALUMINUM FORMWORK(MIVAN):-
 Aluminum formwork system is a comparatively new technology in India.
 it saves cost, times and improve the quality of the construction.
 It is strong and light easy to handle.
 It suitable when:-
i. mass housing,
ii. Typical floors,
iii. Fast construction required,
iv. Column less structure.

20. ADVANTAGE OF ALUMINUM FORMWORK:-
 Aluminum does not rust like steel, therefore a aluminum formwork can
be reused hundreds of times.
 Formwork is made with an aluminum alloy which has high tensile
strength and is also very hard.
 Doesn’t required timber or plywood for construction activities, so its
save the environment.

21.  Part of formwork
which support the
horizontal surface
is called as
centering.
 Example:- beam
bottom and slab
etc.
 It is also used for
bottom surface of
sunshade.
CENTERING:-