The document describes the process of transcription and translation in a cell. It shows that RNA polymerase unwinds DNA and binds to the promoter region to begin transcribing DNA into mRNA. The mRNA then exits the nucleus into the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, the mRNA binds to a ribosome where it is translated into a protein as amino acids are added one by one according to the mRNA codons. The ribosome continues translating until it reaches a stop codon and a completed protein is released.

2. Nucleus

8. 1.RNA Polymerase unwinds DNA.
RNA Polymerase

9. 1.RNA Polymerase unwinds DNA.
RNA Polymerase

10. 1.RNA Polymerase unwinds DNA.
RNA Polymerase

11. 1.RNA Polymerase unwinds DNA.
RNA Polymerase

12. 1.RNA Polymerase unwinds DNA.
RNA Polymerase

13. 1.RNA Polymerase unwinds DNA.
RNA Polymerase

14. 1.RNA Polymerase unwinds DNA.
RNA Polymerase

15. 1.RNA Polymerase unwinds DNA.
RNA Polymerase

16. 1.RNA Polymerase unwinds DNA.
RNA Polymerase

17. 1.RNA Polymerase unwinds DNA.
RNA Polymerase

18. 1.RNA Polymerase unwinds DNA.
RNA Polymerase

19. 1.RNA Polymerase unwinds DNA.
RNA Polymerase

20. RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter region.
DNA Strand
= Adenine =Guanine
RNA Polymerase
= Thymine =Cytosine

21. RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter region.
DNA Strand
RNA Polymerase
= Adenine =Guanine
= Thymine =Cytosine

22. RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter region.
DNA Strand
RNA Polymerase
= Adenine =Guanine
= Thymine =Cytosine

23. RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter region.
DNA Strand
RNA Polymerase
= Adenine =Guanine
= Thymine =Cytosine

24. RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter region.
DNA Strand
RNA Polymerase
= Adenine =Guanine
= Thymine =Cytosine

25. RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter region.
DNA Strand
RNA Polymerase
= Adenine =Guanine
= Thymine =Cytosine

26. RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter region.
DNA Strand
RNA Polymerase
= Adenine =Guanine
= Thymine =Cytosine

27. RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter region.
DNA Strand
RNA Polymerase
= Adenine =Guanine
= Thymine =Cytosine

28. RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter region.
DNA Strand
RNA Polymerase
= Adenine =Guanine
= Thymine =Cytosine

29. RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter region.
RNA Polymerase
DNA Strand
= Adenine =Guanine
= Thymine =Cytosine

30. RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter region.
RNA Polymerase
DNA Strand
= Adenine =Guanine
= Thymine =Cytosine

31. RNA Polymerase
Coding Region
Start Codon
= Adenine =Guanine
RNA Polymerase reads DNA and creates mRNA. = Thymine =Cytosine

32. RNA Polymerase
Coding Region
Start Codon
= Uracil = Adenine =Guanine
RNA Polymerase reads DNA and creates mRNA. = Thymine =Cytosine

33. RNA Polymerase
Coding Region
Start Codon
= Uracil = Adenine =Guanine
RNA Polymerase reads DNA and creates mRNA. = Thymine =Cytosine

34. RNA Polymerase
Coding Region
Start Codon
= Uracil = Adenine =Guanine
RNA Polymerase reads DNA and creates mRNA. = Thymine =Cytosine

35. RNA Polymerase
Coding Region
Start Codon
= Uracil = Adenine =Guanine
RNA Polymerase reads DNA and creates mRNA. = Thymine =Cytosine

36. RNA Polymerase
Coding Region
Start Codon
= Uracil = Adenine =Guanine
RNA Polymerase reads DNA and creates mRNA. = Thymine =Cytosine

37. RNA Polymerase
Coding Region
Start Codon
mRNA Strand
= Uracil = Adenine =Guanine
RNA Polymerase reads DNA and creates mRNA. = Thymine =Cytosine

38. RNA Polymerase
RNA Polymerase hits stop codon and stops making mRNA
Coding Region
Start Codon Stop Codon
mRNA Strand Termination Sequence
= Uracil = Adenine =Guanine
= Thymine =Cytosine

39. mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm.

40. mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm.

41. mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm.

42. mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm.

43. mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm.

44. mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm.

45. mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm.

46. mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm.

47. mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm.

48. mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm.
Cytoplasm

50. rRNA forms a ribosome.
ribosomes

51. mRNA binds to ribosome and reads the 1st code.

52. mRNA binds to ribosome and reads the 1st code.

53. mRNA binds to ribosome and reads the 1st code.

54. mRNA binds to ribosome and reads the 1st code.

55. mRNA binds to ribosome and reads the 1st code.

56. mRNA binds to ribosome and reads the 1st code.

57. mRNA binds to ribosome and reads the 1st code.

58. mRNA binds to ribosome and reads the 1st code.

59. mRNA binds to ribosome and reads the 1st code.

60. = Adenine =Guanine
Amino acid attaches and starts to form peptide chain. = Uracil =Cytosine
Amino Acid  Met
Anticodon
Start Codon

61. = Adenine =Guanine
Amino acid attaches and starts to form peptide chain.
Peptide bond = Uracil =Cytosine
Amino Acid  Leu Thr
Anticodon
Start Codon

62. = Adenine =Guanine
Amino acid attaches and starts to form peptide chain.
Peptide bond = Uracil =Cytosine
Amino Acid  Leu Thr Ser
Anticodon
Start Codon

63. = Adenine =Guanine
Amino acid attaches and starts to form peptide chain.
Peptide bond = Uracil =Cytosine
Amino Acid  Leu Thr Ser Pro
Anticodon
Start Codon

64. = Adenine =Guanine
Amino acid attaches and starts to form peptide chain.
Peptide bond = Uracil =Cytosine
Amino Acid  Leu Thr Ser Pro Thr
Anticodon
Start Codon

65. = Adenine =Guanine
Amino acid attaches and starts to form peptide chain.
Peptide bond = Uracil =Cytosine
Amino Acid  Leu Thr Ser Pro Thr Ser
Anticodon
Start Codon

66. = Adenine =Guanine
Amino acid attaches and starts to form peptide chain.
Peptide bond = Uracil =Cytosine
Amino Acid  Leu Thr Ser Pro Thr Ser Stop
Completed Protein
Anticodon
Start Codon
Stop Codon

67. Ribosomes hit stop codon and form a completed protein.
Completed Protein

68. Transcription Summary:
Transcription: DNA  RNA
1. RNA Polymerase binds to unwound DNA and unwinds it.
2. RNA Polymerase binds to promoter region of DNA.
3. RNA Polymerase reads DNA and creates mRNA.
4. RNA Polymerase hits stop codon and stop making mRNA.
5. mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm.

69. Translation Summary:
Translation: RNA  Protein
1. rRNA forms a ribosome.
2. mRNA binds to ribosome and reads the 1st code.
3. tRNA brings anticodon.
4. Amino acid attaches and starts to form peptide chain.
5. Ribosome hits stop codon and forms protein.