First aid is immediate assistance given to someone who is injured or ill. The aims of first aid are to preserve life, limit worsening of the situation, and promote recovery. Workplaces must have first aid facilities that are stocked according to legal standards and have trained first-aiders available during working hours. Responsibilities of first-aiders include assessing situations quickly, summoning help, giving early treatment, and arranging for further care. Proper first aid procedures should be followed for injuries like bleeding wounds, fractures, burns, eye injuries, and electric shock.

1. Presented by : Amb Steve Mbugua
Makinika Afrika International
www.makinikaafrika.org

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FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
What is First Aid?
• First Aid is the immediate assistance or
treatment given to someone injured or
suddenly taken ill .
• First aid is administered before the
victim is attended to by a doctor or
nurse

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AIMS OF FIRST AID
• To preserve life
• To limit worsening of the situation
• To promote recovery

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• Trained
• Examined and regularly re-examined
• Up-to-date in knowledge and skill
• Work-place injuries or medical problems are best
handled by Occupational Health Nurse (OHN) or
Occupational Medical Doctor (OMD)
The First-Aider should be:

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Responsibilities of First-Aiders
• To assess a situation quickly and safely
• To summon appropriate help
• To protect the casualties and others at the scene
from possible danger
• To identify, as far as practicable, the injury or
nature illness affecting a casualty
• To give early and appropriate treatment , treating
the most serious conditions first.

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Responsibilities of First-Aiders
• To arrange taking of the casualty to hospital/home
• To remain with a casualty until appropriate care is
available
• To report initial observation to those taking over
care of the casualty and
• To give further assistance if required

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Protecting the Casualty
To avoid cross-infection when giving first aid, if
possible, you should:
 Avoid direct contact with body fluids
 Wash your hands
 Wear protective gloves

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WORKPLACE FIRST AID FACILITIES
• Workplaces must have first aid facilities
(cupboards, boxes, kits) that are stocked at
least to the standard prescribed by Legal
Notice no. 160 of 1977.
• Every first aid facility must be kept under
the charge of a trained first-aider and both
must be readily available during working
hours.

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Legal Notice No. 160
THE FACTORIES (FIRST AID) RULES, 1977
1. These rules may be cited as the Factories (First
Aid) Rules, 1977.
2. Contents of the First-aid Boxes
• In every factory there shall be provided,
maintained and readily available and accessible
in every first aid box or cupboard required under
section 50 (1) of the Act items in accordance
with the following –

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a) In every factory in which the number of
employee does not exceed ten-
i. a copy of the first aid leaflet (L.D. 250/1);
ii. a sufficient number (not less than six) of small
sterilized unmedicated dressings for injured
fingers;
iii. a sufficient number (not less than three) of
medium sized sterilized unmedicated dressings
for injured hands or feet;

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iv. a sufficient number (not less than three) of large sized
sterilized umedicated dressings for other injured parts;
v. a sufficient number (not less than twelve) of adhesive
wound dressings of a suitable type of assorted sizes;
vi. a sufficient number (not less than two) of triangular
bandages of unbleached calico, the longest size of which
measures not less than one hundred and thirty
centimetres and each of the other sides not less than
ninety-one centimetres;
vii. a sufficient supply of adhesive plaster;

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viii.a sufficient supply of absorbent sterilized cotton
wool, in fourteen-gram packets;
ix. a sufficient supply of Factory Eye Drops, B.P.C.;
x. a sufficient number (not less than two) of
sterilized eye-pads in separate sealed packets;
xi. a tourniquet; and
xii. a sufficient supply of safety pins;

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b) In every factory in which the number of employees
exceeds ten but does not exceed fifty –
c) In every factory in which the number of employee
exceeds fifty -
3. Grade and quality of drugs and dressings
• All materials for drugs and dressings contained in
first aid boxes or cupboards shall be those
designated in, and of a grade or quality not lower
than the standards specified by the British
Pharmaceutical Codex or any supplement thereof

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 Every first aid box or cupboard shall be plainly and
clearly marked on the outside with the words “FIRST
AID”.
 In every factory where there are more than ten but less
than fifty employees there shall be at least two persons
trained in first aid and at least one such person shall
always be available in the work place at all times during
all working hours.
 In every factory where there are more than fifty but less
than one hundred employees there shall be at least three
persons trained in first aid and at least one such person
shall always be available in the work place at all times
during all working hours.

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 In every factory where there are more than one
hundred employees but less than fifty employees
there shall be at least three persons trained in first
aid, plus one additional person for each extra
hundred employees (or part thereof) beyond the
first one hundred employees, and two such trained
persons shall always be available in the work
place at all times during all working hours.
 In every factory where more than five hundred
persons are employed there shall be a first-aid
room which shall always be open and manned by
a trained nurse during working hours.

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Qualifications of First Aiders
 No person shall be placed in charge of a first aid box or
cupboard unless he or she has received adequate training in
the application of first aid to injured persons and holds a
certificate of competence issued by –
• the St. John Ambulance of the St. John Council of Kenya;
• the Kenya Red Cross Society;
• * Other institutions have been approved through
Kenya Gazette Notice No. 1864 of 11th March, 2005.
 Provided that any certificate of competence issued in
accordance with this paragraph shall be valid for one year
only and must be renewed annually.

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Application of Rules
 The Provisions of these Rules apply to both day
and night shifts and during all the hours a factory
is open.
Offences, penalties and legal proceedings
 Where offence is committed under these Rules,
the owner of the occupier of the factory
concerned, as the case may be, shall be guilty of
an offence and shall be liable to a fine of Kshs.
10,000/=

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L.D. 250/1 – First Aid Treatment of minor
injuries
• This advice is concerned only with First Aid. It is not a substitute for
attention by a doctor or a trained nurse. If medical aid is going to be
needed urgently, send for a doctor or ambulance immediately.
General
• If the casualty has stopped breathing, from whatever cause, artificial
respiration must be started at once before any other treatment is given
and should be continued until breathing is restored.
• Where there is shock, keep the casualty lying down and comfortable.
Cover with a light blanket or clothing. Do not give drink or anything
by mouth if there seems to be an internal injury.
• Wash your hands before treating wounds, burns or eye injury.

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Minor wounds and scratches
• All wounds and scratches, even minor ones, should receive
attention immediately. Cover the wound as soon as
possible with sterilized dressing or adhesive wound
dressing. Warn the casualty that this is a first dressing and
that further attention is needed.
SERIOUS INJURIES
Bleeding
• Stop the bleeding at once either by firm bandaging or, in
severe cases, by a tourniquet. If a tourniquet is used it
must be released momentarily every 15 minutes. Send
promptly for a doctor or ambulance.

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Fractures
• Do not attempt to move a casualty with broken bones or
injuries at joints until the injured parts have been secured
with triangular bandages so that they cannot move. An
injured leg may be tied to the uninjured one, and an injured
arm tied to the body, padding between with cotton wool.
Splints should be used when a casualty is to be transported
over a long distance.
Burns or Scalds
• If serious, send promptly for a doctor or ambulance. Put a
sterilized dressing on the burn or scald. Never use an
adhesive wound dressing.
• Do not burst blisters or remove clothing sticking to the
burn or scald.

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• Chemical burns: Remove all contaminated clothing and
flush the burn with plenty of cold water. Apply a sterilized
dressing.
Eye Injuries
• Something in the Eye: If the object cannot be removed
readily with sterilized cotton wool moistened with water,
or if the eye hurts after removal of the object, apply two or
three eye drops by means of the camel-hair brush, cover
the eye with an eye-pad and bandage firmly so as to keep
the eye shut and still. Send the casualty to a doctor or
hospital quickly.

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• Injury from a blow: Cover the eye with an eye-pad and send the
casualty at once for medical treatment. Do not apply eye drops.
• Chemical in the eye or Chemical Burn: Flush the open eye at once
with clean cold water and continue washing the eye for at least 15
minutes. (A good method is to get the casualty to put his face under
water and make him blink his eyes). Then cover with an eye-pad. Do
not apply eye drops. Send the casualty to a doctor or hospital quickly.
• Heat Burn: Cover the eye with an eye-pad and send the casualty
immediately to a doctor or hospital. Do not apply eye drops.
• Bandaging for Eye Injuries: The eye-pad is kept in place by the
covering bandage running under the ear next to the injured eye and
above the other ear.

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ELECTRIC SHOCK
• Switch off the current. If this is impossible, free the
person, using something made of rubber, cloth or wood or
a folded newspaper; use the casualty’s own clothing if dry.
Do not touch his skin before the current is switched off.
• If breathing is failing or has stopped, give artificial
respiration and continue for some hours if necessary. Get
help and send for a doctor.

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OTHER REQUIREMENTS:
• Means of summoning further medical aid
should be available.
• All injuries should be reported and recorded
as soon as practicable.
• Injuries where a person is disabled for at
least three days should be entered in part III
of the General Register.

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Bye Bye!
• Wishing a Safer
and Healthier
Future.

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