Body mechanics refers to the efficient use of the body as a machine for locomotion and movement. It is related to proper functioning of bones, joints, muscles, nerves, and the brain to maintain posture and balance. Some key principles of good body mechanics include facing the direction of movement to prevent spine twisting, dividing tasks between arms and legs to reduce back injury risk, and using rolling and turning which require less force than lifting. Maintaining proper alignment and mobility is also important for reducing fatigue and injury risk. Factors like age, energy level, lifestyle, fear, pain and disabilities can impact a person's mobility. Prolonged immobility can increase risks of issues like pneumonia, blood clots, pressure sores,

1. PRESENTED BY
Kshirabdhi Tanaya
Tutor,SUM Nursing college
S‘O’A DTU,Bbsr.

2. Body mechanics is the efficient use of the body
as a machine, and as a means of locomotion ,it is
directly related to the function of
bones,joints,muscles,nerves and brain to
maintain posture balance.

5. PRINCIPLES OF BODY MECHANICS:-
Facing the direction of movement prevents
abnormal twisting of the spine.
Dividing balanced activity between arms &
legs reduces the risk of back injury.
Rolling ,turning requires less work than
lifting.
When frictions reduced between the object
to be moved & the surface on which it is
moved,reduces force required to move it.

6. Reducing the force of work,reduces the risk
of injury.
Maintaining good body mechanics reduces
fatigue of the muscle groups.
Alternating periods of rest & activity helps
to reduce fatigue.

7. BODY ALIGNMENT:-
Alignment refers to how the head, shoulders, spine,
hips, knees and ankles relate and line up with each
other.
It refers to the condition of joints,tendons and
muscles in various body positions
Proper alignment of the body puts less stress on the
spine and helps you have good posture

8. ASSESSMENT OF BODY ALLIGNMENT:-
Standing position:-
Head extended,normal curves of back,chin in ,chest
most forward,shoulder slightly abducted,elbows slightly
flexed,wrist extended.abdomen flat,relaxed
buttacks,thighs extended,feet pointing straight.
Sitting position:-
Head should be erect with chin in,back also
normal,shoulders abducted elbows flexed &
supported,wrists extended.
Fingers flexed,abdomen flat,knees flexed at right angles
to thighs,feet supported on floor.

12. MOBILITY AND
IMMOBILITY

13. MOBILITY:-
Mobility is defined as the ability to move
freely,easily,rhythmically and purposefully in the
environment.
IMMOBILITY:-
Immobility is the state of not being able to move
around.

14. FACTORS AFFECTING MOBILITY:-
AGE:-
It greatly affects the activity levels.Generally as people
grow older,they slow down.
ENERGY LEVEL:-
It varies greatly among individuals.Individual
demonstrates different energy levels at different times.
LIFESTYLE:-
People learn early in life often from families .Some
people participate in physical activity regularly in an
effort to maintain or to improve their health.

15. FEAR AND PAIN:-
The mobility can also be limited because of
fear or pain,a pt recovering from surgery
may be reluctant to move for fear of
opening the incision.
DISABILITY:-
A disability is a persistent mental or physical
weakness that prevents a person from
carring out the normal activities of life.

16. HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH IMMOBILITY:-
Hypostatic pneumonia. (pneumonia that
usually results from the collection of fluid in
the dorsal region of the lungs.)
Pulmonary embolism(Pulmonary
embolism (PE) is a blockage of an artery in the
lungs by a substance that has traveled from
elsewhere in the body through the
bloodstream)
Thrombophlebitis
Orthostatic hypotension

17. Pressure ulcers or pressure sore
Decreased peristalsis with constipation.
Urinary stasis with renal calculi formation.
Contractures or muscle atrophy
Altered fluid & electrolyte status.

18. POSTURAL ABNORMALITIES
Abnormal posturing refers to rigid body movements and
chronic abnormal positions of the body.

19. KYPHOSIS

20. Anterior curvature of
thoracic spine

21. Inward curvature of the
lumbar /cervical spine.

22. Lateral (sideways) curving of the spine.