This document discusses various types of fishing tools and techniques used in oil and gas well operations. It begins by defining fishing as the removal of debris or equipment from a wellbore. It then describes different types of fishing tools including diagnostic tools, inside grappling tools called spears, outside grappling tools called overshots, and force intensifiers or jars. It provides details on how each type of tool is used to engage and remove objects stuck in the wellbore. The document also discusses milling tools that are used when conventional fishing methods cannot remove an object, and spear fishing tools that use latch fingers to engage with and extract equipment from the well.

1. Group 4
Presenters: velayati & najafi
Islamic azad university science & research,25 may
Professor : RRzamir

2. fishing
• What is fishing?
• The application of tools, equipment and techniques for the
removal of junk, debris or fish from a wellbore. The key
elements of a fishing operation include an understanding of
the dimensions and nature of the fish to be removed, the
wellbore conditions, the tools and techniques employed and
the process by which the recovered fish will be handled at
surface.

3. • Anything left in a wellbore. It does not matter whether
the fish consists of junk metal, a hand tool, a length of
drill pipe or drill collars, or an expensive MWD and
directional drilling package. Once the component is lost,
it is properly referred to as simply "the fish." Typically,
anything put into the hole is accurately measured and
sketched, so that appropriate fishing tools can be
selected if the item must be fished out of the hole.

4. • A general term for special mechanical devices used to aid the recovery of
equipment lost downhole. These devices generally fall into four classes:
diagnostic, inside grappling, outside grappling, and force intensifiers or jars.
Diagnostic devices may range from a simple impression block made in a soft
metal, usually lead, that is dropped rapidly onto the top of the fish so that upon
inspection at the surface, the fisherman may be able to custom design a tool to
facilitate attachment to and removal of the fish. Other diagnostic tools may
include electronic instruments and even downhole sonic or visual-bandwidth
cameras. Inside grappling devices, usually called spears, generally have a tapered
and threaded profile, enabling the fisherman to first guide the tool into the top
of the fish, and then thread the fishing tool into the top of the fish so that
recovery may be attempted. Outside grappling devices, usually called overshots,
are fitted with threads or another shape that "swallows" the fish and does not
release it as it is pulled out of the hole. Overshots are also fitted with a crude
drilling surface at the bottom, so that the overshot may be lightly drilled over
the fish, sometimes to remove rock or metallic junk that may be part of the
sticking mechanism. Jars are mechanical downhole hammers, which enable the
fisherman to deliver high-impact loads to the fish, far in excess of what could be
applied in a quasi-static pull from the surface.

5. A downhole tool used in fishing operations to engage on the
outside surface of a tube or tool. A grapple, or similar
slip mechanism, on the overshot grips the fish, allowing
application of tensile force and jarring action. If the fish
cannot be removed, a release system within the overshot
allows the overshot to be disengaged and retrieved.

8. Milling tools are designed to mill away stuck fish that
cant be retrieved by conventional fishing methods.
Successful milling operations require appropriate
selection of milling tools, fluids and techniques. The
mills, or similar cutting tools, must be compatible
with the fish materials and wellbore conditions. The
circulated fluids should be capable of removing the
milled material from the wellbore. Finally, the
techniques employed should be appropriate to the
anticipated conditions and the likely time required to
reach the operation objectives.

9. Milling tools

10. A spear fishing tool for engaging an object to be removed from a well bore, commonly
called a "fish". The spear fishing tool is characterized by a cylindrical housing,
typically attached to a length of coiled tubing by means of a top sub and fitted with a
reciprocating, hydraulically-operated plunger seated on an internal spring and having
a bevelled end facing the down-hole "fish". Multiple latch fingers lie adjacent to the
housing and are movably secured in place between the housing and plunger by means
of a slotted finger collar threadably attached to the housing. The piston is further
provided with a piston groove or slot that selectively matches corresponding lobes
formed in the latch fingers, respectively, to facilitate the following: engagement of
the tool housing with the fish; hydraulic extension of the piston downwardly with
respect to the housing to effect retraction of the latch finger lobes into the piston
groove or slot; extension of the tool housing through the fish neck opening; and
spring-biased retraction of the piston upwardly to mismatch the finger lobes and the
piston groove or slot and extend the latch finger lobes from the piston groove or slot
into engagement with the internal groove of the fish.

12. 1.Schlumburger oilfield glossary
2.Varco fishing tools manual
Power pointed by arian velayati