geology material useful to petroleum and mining students who are more interest in knowledge to learn on geoscience related issues which are useful to everyone
Rock Eval pyrolysis is a tool used to characterize hydrocarbon potential in source and reservoir rocks. It analyzes the quantity and type of organic matter and hydrocarbons present. Through heating rock samples and measuring the released hydrocarbons, parameters such as total organic carbon, S1, S2, S3, hydrogen index, and Tmax are obtained. These values can be used to classify the type of kerogen and determine the thermal maturity and hydrocarbon generating potential of the rock. Contamination from drilling mud must be considered, as additives can affect the test results.
1-Petroleum, Origin, Formation and Composition of Petroleum .pptxMazyiar Sabet
This document provides an overview of petroleum formation and uses. It discusses that petroleum is formed from the remains of ancient organisms over millions of years. The key compounds in petroleum are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Petroleum is found underground in porous rock formations and is trapped by impermeable layers. It can be extracted and refined for various applications like gasoline and other fuels. While petroleum provides energy, its extraction and use also causes environmental issues like pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and health risks. Pipelines, trucks, rail, and tankers are used to transport petroleum around the world.
Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black mixture of hydrocarbons found beneath the Earth's surface. It is formed from the remains of ancient organisms over millions of years. The key components of petroleum are carbon (83-87%) and hydrogen (10-14%). It is extracted through oil wells and transported via pipelines, trucks, rail, and tankers. Major uses include gasoline and other fuels. While a valuable resource, petroleum also causes environmental issues like pollution from spills and greenhouse gas emissions.
Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black mixture of hydrocarbons found beneath the Earth's surface. It is formed from the remains of ancient organisms over millions of years. The key components of petroleum are carbon (83-87%) and hydrogen (10-14%). It is extracted through oil wells and transported via pipelines, trucks, rail, and tankers. Major uses include gasoline and other fuels. While a valuable resource, petroleum also causes environmental issues like pollution from spills and greenhouse gas emissions.
This document provides an overview of extracting shale resources. It begins with introducing India's energy scenario and dependence on foreign oil imports. Shale oil and gas are presented as a potential viable alternative energy source. The document then discusses the origin and formation of petroleum in shales. It explains the processes of diagenesis and catagenesis that convert organic matter in shales into kerogen and then liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. Extraction of shales involves two main processes - hydraulic fracturing (fracking) and retorting. Retorting converts kerogen into shale oil and upgrading is needed to transform shale oil into synthetic crude. The document provides details on these extraction and upgrading processes.
what are the works of a petroleum engineer? how can you become a petroleum engineer? earnings of petroleum engineers, employments of petroleum engineer...!!!
how is it different from other engineer?
This document outlines a lesson plan for teaching chemistry students about petroleum. It discusses the core competencies and basic competencies covered, including understanding the formation and separation techniques of petroleum fractions as well as the usefulness of petroleum. It provides learning objectives and indicators for students. The lesson plan describes the formation of petroleum from decomposed animals and plants over millions of years. It also explains the process of crude oil extraction and the distillation process used to separate petroleum into fractions based on boiling points, including natural gas, gasoline, kerosene, and others.
The document discusses the origin, composition, and types of organic matter found in sediments and rocks. It describes how organic matter originates from organisms and is preserved in anoxic environments. The main types of organic matter discussed are kerogen and bitumen. Kerogen makes up the majority of sedimentary organic matter and has varying potential to generate hydrocarbons upon heating. Bitumen represents the soluble fraction and includes compounds such as asphaltenes and maltens. The document also introduces different types of kerogen that vary in their composition and hydrocarbon generating ability.
Rock Eval pyrolysis is a tool used to characterize hydrocarbon potential in source and reservoir rocks. It analyzes the quantity and type of organic matter and hydrocarbons present. Through heating rock samples and measuring the released hydrocarbons, parameters such as total organic carbon, S1, S2, S3, hydrogen index, and Tmax are obtained. These values can be used to classify the type of kerogen and determine the thermal maturity and hydrocarbon generating potential of the rock. Contamination from drilling mud must be considered, as additives can affect the test results.
1-Petroleum, Origin, Formation and Composition of Petroleum .pptxMazyiar Sabet
This document provides an overview of petroleum formation and uses. It discusses that petroleum is formed from the remains of ancient organisms over millions of years. The key compounds in petroleum are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Petroleum is found underground in porous rock formations and is trapped by impermeable layers. It can be extracted and refined for various applications like gasoline and other fuels. While petroleum provides energy, its extraction and use also causes environmental issues like pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and health risks. Pipelines, trucks, rail, and tankers are used to transport petroleum around the world.
Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black mixture of hydrocarbons found beneath the Earth's surface. It is formed from the remains of ancient organisms over millions of years. The key components of petroleum are carbon (83-87%) and hydrogen (10-14%). It is extracted through oil wells and transported via pipelines, trucks, rail, and tankers. Major uses include gasoline and other fuels. While a valuable resource, petroleum also causes environmental issues like pollution from spills and greenhouse gas emissions.
Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black mixture of hydrocarbons found beneath the Earth's surface. It is formed from the remains of ancient organisms over millions of years. The key components of petroleum are carbon (83-87%) and hydrogen (10-14%). It is extracted through oil wells and transported via pipelines, trucks, rail, and tankers. Major uses include gasoline and other fuels. While a valuable resource, petroleum also causes environmental issues like pollution from spills and greenhouse gas emissions.
This document provides an overview of extracting shale resources. It begins with introducing India's energy scenario and dependence on foreign oil imports. Shale oil and gas are presented as a potential viable alternative energy source. The document then discusses the origin and formation of petroleum in shales. It explains the processes of diagenesis and catagenesis that convert organic matter in shales into kerogen and then liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. Extraction of shales involves two main processes - hydraulic fracturing (fracking) and retorting. Retorting converts kerogen into shale oil and upgrading is needed to transform shale oil into synthetic crude. The document provides details on these extraction and upgrading processes.
what are the works of a petroleum engineer? how can you become a petroleum engineer? earnings of petroleum engineers, employments of petroleum engineer...!!!
how is it different from other engineer?
This document outlines a lesson plan for teaching chemistry students about petroleum. It discusses the core competencies and basic competencies covered, including understanding the formation and separation techniques of petroleum fractions as well as the usefulness of petroleum. It provides learning objectives and indicators for students. The lesson plan describes the formation of petroleum from decomposed animals and plants over millions of years. It also explains the process of crude oil extraction and the distillation process used to separate petroleum into fractions based on boiling points, including natural gas, gasoline, kerosene, and others.
The document discusses the origin, composition, and types of organic matter found in sediments and rocks. It describes how organic matter originates from organisms and is preserved in anoxic environments. The main types of organic matter discussed are kerogen and bitumen. Kerogen makes up the majority of sedimentary organic matter and has varying potential to generate hydrocarbons upon heating. Bitumen represents the soluble fraction and includes compounds such as asphaltenes and maltens. The document also introduces different types of kerogen that vary in their composition and hydrocarbon generating ability.
Comparison Of Corrossion Resistance Of Copper For SamplesIRJESJOURNAL
This document compares the corrosion resistance of copper samples exposed to different petroleum products, including diesel, superior kerosene oil (SKO), and aviation turbine fuel (ATF). Copper strips were submerged in each product and heated to 90°C for 24 hours. The strips were then weighed to determine mass loss, an indicator of corrosion. Observations found that diesel produced the least corrosion of copper, with a mass loss of 13.5%, while SKO and ATF resulted in higher losses of 38.8% and 35.7%, respectively. The document concludes that diesel is the least corrosive of the fuels tested for copper.
1. The document discusses coal-seam gas, including its connotation and characteristics as an unconventional natural gas resource that occurs through adsorption in coal seams.
2. It analyzes the geological conditions required for coal-seam gas reservoirs, including gas generation conditions from source rocks, reservoir conditions relating to coal pore characteristics and adsorption properties, and storage conditions.
3. The document examines how different geological factors influence coal-seam gas occurrence, specifically noting the leading role of tectonic structures and hydrodynamic characteristics in controlling coal-seam gas distribution.
This document summarizes research on carbon dioxide storage and sequestration in unconventional shale reservoirs. It discusses how shale formations around the world provide ample storage opportunities due to their widespread presence and existing infrastructure from shale gas development. The document reviews modeling and simulation techniques used to understand fluid flow behavior in shale reservoirs and explains governing equations for gas and water flow in the matrix and fracture domains. It also summarizes learnings from CO2 sequestration projects in saline aquifers and the need for monitoring CO2 distribution during storage projects.
The document outlines the rules and questions for a technical quiz being conducted by the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science. It contains 25 multiple choice questions related to chemical engineering concepts and identifies chemicals, equipment, processes and important figures in the field. The questions cover topics like crude oil composition, refinery equipment, pumping systems, periodic table, chemical plant components and famous chemical engineers.
Final report on Behaviour of Geopolymer Concretechetansingh999
This document is a thesis submitted by Chetan Singh Pundeer to fulfill the requirements for a B.Tech degree in Civil Engineering from Lingaya's University. It involves a study of the behavior of geopolymer concrete. Chetan declares that the work is original and was carried out under the supervision of Utkarsh Yadav. The thesis acknowledges the guidance of Nazim Ali and assistance of Utkarsh Yadav. The abstract indicates that the study focuses on developing environmentally friendly geopolymer concrete using fly ash as a cement replacement and studying its durability when exposed to acids, sulfates and chlorides.
The document provides an overview of petroleum engineering and related topics. It defines key terms like hydrocarbon, petroleum, crude oil and condensate. It describes the formation of petroleum from ancient organic matter over millions of years and the key elements of a petroleum system. It also discusses conventional and unconventional reservoirs, and the roles of source rocks, migration, reservoirs and traps in hydrocarbon accumulation. Finally, it briefly outlines the disciplines of petroleum engineering, reservoir engineering and the overall petroleum industry.
Managing Mercury in Hydrocarbon Processing Plants During TurnaroundsISCT GROUP US LLC
One of the first works Dr. Roberto Lopez Garcia (aka one of the biggest brains in this business and good friend) and I collaborate on to bring this issue to light in the US and globally. Since this early publication the complicated issues associated with mercury in processing has increased throughout the US as the shale gas plays have developed and refineries have increased their feeds from these plays. In addition the approval of Keystone which takes crude form the oil sands in Alberta (full of metals including Hg) will only compound the mercury issues at US refineries taking this production. Dilution with Bakken production is not really going to eliminate this problem.
This document provides an overview of a lecture on drilling and workover fluids. It discusses objectives like introduction to drilling optimization and clay chemistry. It explains that 30% of drilling time is non-productive time due to issues like stuck pipe, lost circulation, borehole instability, and filtration. Reducing non-productive time requires understanding causes like mud properties and shale/fluid interactions, and developing solutions through mud composition control. The role of oilfield chemistry is to study chemical methods to solve problems encountered during drilling and cementing using chemical agents and understanding their function mechanisms.
This document outlines the syllabus for a Reservoir Engineering 1 course. The 3 credit hour course is intended for sophomore and junior petroleum engineering students and covers fundamental reservoir engineering concepts and their practical applications. Lectures will be divided into two 50-slide presentations with a short break. Students will be assessed based on class activities, a midterm exam, and a final exam. The course schedule lists 16 lectures covering topics like petroleum reservoirs, fluid properties, laboratory experiments, and production methods. Major references and resources are also provided.
This document is a project submitted by Dhirendra Pratap Singh for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master's degree in Geology from Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India under the guidance of Dr. H. Singh in September 2009. It discusses coalbed methane exploration and exploitation. The key points are:
1. Coalbed methane is natural gas found stored in coal beds. During the coal formation process, large amounts of gas including methane are generated and most remain stored in the coal.
2. The amount of gas stored in a coal bed depends on factors like the coal's rank, depth, thickness, and cleat structure. Most methane
IRJET- Analysis of strength Characteristic of Concrete using Vernacular MaterialIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the strength characteristics of concrete using vernacular materials like fly ash and potassium hydroxide as replacements for Portland cement. The study compares the compressive and tensile strengths of normal geopolymer concrete made using sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate to a concrete made using potassium hydroxide and sodium silicate. Test results showed the average compressive strength of the sodium hydroxide concrete was 50.5% higher while the average tensile strength was 34.85% higher compared to the potassium hydroxide concrete. The document concludes that sodium hydroxide produces a more economical and suitable concrete than potassium hydroxide.
Petroleum is formed from organic materials deposited in sedimentary basins millions of years ago. As these materials are buried deeper over time, the increasing heat and pressure causes them to thermally degrade into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. This process occurs within organic-rich source rock. The hydrocarbons then migrate upward through permeable layers until becoming trapped beneath an impermeable cap rock, accumulating in porous and permeable reservoir rock. The world's most productive sedimentary basins containing major petroleum deposits are located in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Alaska, Texas-Louisiana, Iraq, Iran, Mexico, Venezuela, Nigeria, and basins in Sri Lanka include Mannar, Tabbowa, and Andig
This lesson plan is for a chemistry class discussing petroleum. It will take place over two 45-minute periods and focus on the formation of petroleum, separation techniques for petroleum fractions, and the environmental impacts of hydrocarbon combustion. Students will work in learning groups to explain petroleum formation processes, interpret distillation charts, evaluate impacts on the environment, and understand petroleum's usefulness.
This document provides an overview of petroleum engineering and related topics. It discusses:
- The definition and chemistry of hydrocarbons and how petroleum is formed from the remains of ancient organisms.
- How petroleum migrates and can accumulate in reservoirs trapped by impermeable rock layers.
- The different types of hydrocarbon molecules and traps that can form reservoirs.
- The roles of reservoir engineers in evaluating fields, modeling reservoirs, and planning development to maximize oil and gas recovery.
Oil Refinery Chap 1 Part I.pdfvcjfbcjfvjchffcbimae4
This document provides information about petroleum refining engineering. It discusses the assessment criteria for the course which includes attendance, assignments, quizzes, exams. It then covers topics like the processes of oil and gas exploration including geological and geophysical surveys, exploratory drilling and development of oil and gas fields. It also discusses petroleum field processing and transportation. Finally, it provides background information on crude oil including what it is, where it is formed, worldwide reserves and production sources.
This document summarizes a technical seminar presentation on oxygen carriers used in chemical looping combustion. Chemical looping combustion is a process for carbon dioxide capture that uses metal oxides as oxygen carriers in two interconnected fluidized bed reactors - an air reactor and a fuel reactor. In the fuel reactor, gaseous fuel reacts with the metal oxide to produce carbon dioxide, water and heat. The reduced metal oxide is then reoxidized in the air reactor. Nickel, copper, iron and manganese are common oxygen carriers that must be stable, fluidizable, resistant to agglomeration and mechanically durable. The selection of oxygen carrier is a key aspect, with nickel oxide and iron oxide being favorable but having different properties and reactivities
The document provides a summary of Dhaval Patel's summer internship report from his time spent interning with Essar Oil Ltd. The internship focused on coal bed methane (CBM) operations and lasted 6 weeks. During the induction session, Dhaval learned about the basics of CBM, differences between conventional gas fields and CBM fields, and common problems encountered in CBM production. Essar Oil operates a CBM block located in the Raniganj coalfields of West Bengal, India. Through various department exposures, Dhaval gained hands-on experience in instrumentation and maintenance, workover operations, and health, safety, and environmental practices related to CBM production.
This document outlines the academic regulations and course structure for the Petroleum Engineering B.Tech degree program. It details requirements for awarding the degree including pursuing the program for 4 years, registering for 208 credits and securing 200, requirements for promotion between years, distribution of marks, attendance requirements, award of class and minimum instruction days. Regulations are provided for malpractices during examinations and lateral entry students. The document establishes the framework for students to complete the Petroleum Engineering degree.
The document discusses carbon capture and storage techniques used at the Nagarjuna Fertilizers and Chemicals Limited (NFCL) plant in Kakinada, India. NFCL uses natural gas as a feedstock to produce ammonia via steam methane reforming, capturing the CO2 byproduct for use in urea production. It also recovers CO2 from the flue gases of natural gas combustion using a carbon dioxide recovery plant. This recovered CO2 is also used to make urea, reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The techniques allow NFCL to mitigate emissions while continuing efficient urea production using natural gas as a feedstock and fuel source in fertilizer manufacturing.
Comparison Of Corrossion Resistance Of Copper For SamplesIRJESJOURNAL
This document compares the corrosion resistance of copper samples exposed to different petroleum products, including diesel, superior kerosene oil (SKO), and aviation turbine fuel (ATF). Copper strips were submerged in each product and heated to 90°C for 24 hours. The strips were then weighed to determine mass loss, an indicator of corrosion. Observations found that diesel produced the least corrosion of copper, with a mass loss of 13.5%, while SKO and ATF resulted in higher losses of 38.8% and 35.7%, respectively. The document concludes that diesel is the least corrosive of the fuels tested for copper.
1. The document discusses coal-seam gas, including its connotation and characteristics as an unconventional natural gas resource that occurs through adsorption in coal seams.
2. It analyzes the geological conditions required for coal-seam gas reservoirs, including gas generation conditions from source rocks, reservoir conditions relating to coal pore characteristics and adsorption properties, and storage conditions.
3. The document examines how different geological factors influence coal-seam gas occurrence, specifically noting the leading role of tectonic structures and hydrodynamic characteristics in controlling coal-seam gas distribution.
This document summarizes research on carbon dioxide storage and sequestration in unconventional shale reservoirs. It discusses how shale formations around the world provide ample storage opportunities due to their widespread presence and existing infrastructure from shale gas development. The document reviews modeling and simulation techniques used to understand fluid flow behavior in shale reservoirs and explains governing equations for gas and water flow in the matrix and fracture domains. It also summarizes learnings from CO2 sequestration projects in saline aquifers and the need for monitoring CO2 distribution during storage projects.
The document outlines the rules and questions for a technical quiz being conducted by the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science. It contains 25 multiple choice questions related to chemical engineering concepts and identifies chemicals, equipment, processes and important figures in the field. The questions cover topics like crude oil composition, refinery equipment, pumping systems, periodic table, chemical plant components and famous chemical engineers.
Final report on Behaviour of Geopolymer Concretechetansingh999
This document is a thesis submitted by Chetan Singh Pundeer to fulfill the requirements for a B.Tech degree in Civil Engineering from Lingaya's University. It involves a study of the behavior of geopolymer concrete. Chetan declares that the work is original and was carried out under the supervision of Utkarsh Yadav. The thesis acknowledges the guidance of Nazim Ali and assistance of Utkarsh Yadav. The abstract indicates that the study focuses on developing environmentally friendly geopolymer concrete using fly ash as a cement replacement and studying its durability when exposed to acids, sulfates and chlorides.
The document provides an overview of petroleum engineering and related topics. It defines key terms like hydrocarbon, petroleum, crude oil and condensate. It describes the formation of petroleum from ancient organic matter over millions of years and the key elements of a petroleum system. It also discusses conventional and unconventional reservoirs, and the roles of source rocks, migration, reservoirs and traps in hydrocarbon accumulation. Finally, it briefly outlines the disciplines of petroleum engineering, reservoir engineering and the overall petroleum industry.
Managing Mercury in Hydrocarbon Processing Plants During TurnaroundsISCT GROUP US LLC
One of the first works Dr. Roberto Lopez Garcia (aka one of the biggest brains in this business and good friend) and I collaborate on to bring this issue to light in the US and globally. Since this early publication the complicated issues associated with mercury in processing has increased throughout the US as the shale gas plays have developed and refineries have increased their feeds from these plays. In addition the approval of Keystone which takes crude form the oil sands in Alberta (full of metals including Hg) will only compound the mercury issues at US refineries taking this production. Dilution with Bakken production is not really going to eliminate this problem.
This document provides an overview of a lecture on drilling and workover fluids. It discusses objectives like introduction to drilling optimization and clay chemistry. It explains that 30% of drilling time is non-productive time due to issues like stuck pipe, lost circulation, borehole instability, and filtration. Reducing non-productive time requires understanding causes like mud properties and shale/fluid interactions, and developing solutions through mud composition control. The role of oilfield chemistry is to study chemical methods to solve problems encountered during drilling and cementing using chemical agents and understanding their function mechanisms.
This document outlines the syllabus for a Reservoir Engineering 1 course. The 3 credit hour course is intended for sophomore and junior petroleum engineering students and covers fundamental reservoir engineering concepts and their practical applications. Lectures will be divided into two 50-slide presentations with a short break. Students will be assessed based on class activities, a midterm exam, and a final exam. The course schedule lists 16 lectures covering topics like petroleum reservoirs, fluid properties, laboratory experiments, and production methods. Major references and resources are also provided.
This document is a project submitted by Dhirendra Pratap Singh for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master's degree in Geology from Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India under the guidance of Dr. H. Singh in September 2009. It discusses coalbed methane exploration and exploitation. The key points are:
1. Coalbed methane is natural gas found stored in coal beds. During the coal formation process, large amounts of gas including methane are generated and most remain stored in the coal.
2. The amount of gas stored in a coal bed depends on factors like the coal's rank, depth, thickness, and cleat structure. Most methane
IRJET- Analysis of strength Characteristic of Concrete using Vernacular MaterialIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the strength characteristics of concrete using vernacular materials like fly ash and potassium hydroxide as replacements for Portland cement. The study compares the compressive and tensile strengths of normal geopolymer concrete made using sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate to a concrete made using potassium hydroxide and sodium silicate. Test results showed the average compressive strength of the sodium hydroxide concrete was 50.5% higher while the average tensile strength was 34.85% higher compared to the potassium hydroxide concrete. The document concludes that sodium hydroxide produces a more economical and suitable concrete than potassium hydroxide.
Petroleum is formed from organic materials deposited in sedimentary basins millions of years ago. As these materials are buried deeper over time, the increasing heat and pressure causes them to thermally degrade into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. This process occurs within organic-rich source rock. The hydrocarbons then migrate upward through permeable layers until becoming trapped beneath an impermeable cap rock, accumulating in porous and permeable reservoir rock. The world's most productive sedimentary basins containing major petroleum deposits are located in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Alaska, Texas-Louisiana, Iraq, Iran, Mexico, Venezuela, Nigeria, and basins in Sri Lanka include Mannar, Tabbowa, and Andig
This lesson plan is for a chemistry class discussing petroleum. It will take place over two 45-minute periods and focus on the formation of petroleum, separation techniques for petroleum fractions, and the environmental impacts of hydrocarbon combustion. Students will work in learning groups to explain petroleum formation processes, interpret distillation charts, evaluate impacts on the environment, and understand petroleum's usefulness.
This document provides an overview of petroleum engineering and related topics. It discusses:
- The definition and chemistry of hydrocarbons and how petroleum is formed from the remains of ancient organisms.
- How petroleum migrates and can accumulate in reservoirs trapped by impermeable rock layers.
- The different types of hydrocarbon molecules and traps that can form reservoirs.
- The roles of reservoir engineers in evaluating fields, modeling reservoirs, and planning development to maximize oil and gas recovery.
Oil Refinery Chap 1 Part I.pdfvcjfbcjfvjchffcbimae4
This document provides information about petroleum refining engineering. It discusses the assessment criteria for the course which includes attendance, assignments, quizzes, exams. It then covers topics like the processes of oil and gas exploration including geological and geophysical surveys, exploratory drilling and development of oil and gas fields. It also discusses petroleum field processing and transportation. Finally, it provides background information on crude oil including what it is, where it is formed, worldwide reserves and production sources.
This document summarizes a technical seminar presentation on oxygen carriers used in chemical looping combustion. Chemical looping combustion is a process for carbon dioxide capture that uses metal oxides as oxygen carriers in two interconnected fluidized bed reactors - an air reactor and a fuel reactor. In the fuel reactor, gaseous fuel reacts with the metal oxide to produce carbon dioxide, water and heat. The reduced metal oxide is then reoxidized in the air reactor. Nickel, copper, iron and manganese are common oxygen carriers that must be stable, fluidizable, resistant to agglomeration and mechanically durable. The selection of oxygen carrier is a key aspect, with nickel oxide and iron oxide being favorable but having different properties and reactivities
The document provides a summary of Dhaval Patel's summer internship report from his time spent interning with Essar Oil Ltd. The internship focused on coal bed methane (CBM) operations and lasted 6 weeks. During the induction session, Dhaval learned about the basics of CBM, differences between conventional gas fields and CBM fields, and common problems encountered in CBM production. Essar Oil operates a CBM block located in the Raniganj coalfields of West Bengal, India. Through various department exposures, Dhaval gained hands-on experience in instrumentation and maintenance, workover operations, and health, safety, and environmental practices related to CBM production.
This document outlines the academic regulations and course structure for the Petroleum Engineering B.Tech degree program. It details requirements for awarding the degree including pursuing the program for 4 years, registering for 208 credits and securing 200, requirements for promotion between years, distribution of marks, attendance requirements, award of class and minimum instruction days. Regulations are provided for malpractices during examinations and lateral entry students. The document establishes the framework for students to complete the Petroleum Engineering degree.
The document discusses carbon capture and storage techniques used at the Nagarjuna Fertilizers and Chemicals Limited (NFCL) plant in Kakinada, India. NFCL uses natural gas as a feedstock to produce ammonia via steam methane reforming, capturing the CO2 byproduct for use in urea production. It also recovers CO2 from the flue gases of natural gas combustion using a carbon dioxide recovery plant. This recovered CO2 is also used to make urea, reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The techniques allow NFCL to mitigate emissions while continuing efficient urea production using natural gas as a feedstock and fuel source in fertilizer manufacturing.
This document provides information about acidizing oil and gas wells. It discusses that acidizing involves pumping acid into wells or formations to improve productivity or injectivity. There are three main types of acid treatments: acid washing, matrix acidizing, and fracture acidizing. The document outlines key factors in acid selection like formation type and permeability. It also discusses common acid systems and additives used. Methodology sections provides details on calculating skin factor and models for predicting acidization. The conclusion states that acidizing is widely used for well stimulation and hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid are most commonly used, sometimes in blends.
This document discusses trends in the natural gas market and forecasts for future demand and supply. It notes that global natural gas consumption grew by around 1.8% in 2016 and is expected to continue growing over the next few years, driven by markets in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Natural gas production is continuing to grow as well, with unconventional gas production increasing. The document forecasts that global natural gas demand will increase by 53% between 2017-2040, with non-OECD Asia, the Middle East, and Africa leading consumption growth. It also predicts natural gas will account for 28% of global electricity generation by 2040.
The document summarizes the history of petroleum exploration and liberalization in India. It discusses how exploration began in the 1800s and the first commercial discovery was made in 1889. It then covers major developments and exploratory efforts through the 1900s. Factors leading to policy liberalization in the early 1990s included discouraging exploration results, declining domestic production, and increasing demand and costs. The document outlines the blocks and fields offered for private/joint venture participation under various bidding rounds from 1980 to 1995.
The document discusses key concepts in contract law under the Indian Contract Act of 1872. It defines a contract as an agreement that is enforceable by law. The essential elements of a valid contract are offer and acceptance, intention to create a legal relationship, consensus between the parties, consideration, capacity to contract, free consent, legality of purpose, and possibility of performance. It also discusses different types of contracts such as express versus implied contracts, absolute versus contingent contracts, and valid versus invalid contracts. Key terms like offer, acceptance, and consideration are also defined in detail according to the Act.
This document provides an introduction and overview for Petroleum Engineering 406:
- It outlines the course details including class hours, grading, textbooks, and schedule.
- It introduces well control concepts that will be covered such as kicks, blowouts, terminology, calculations, detection and procedures.
- It lists the course content which will cover topics like well control equipment, unusual operations, offshore drilling, and dual gradient drilling.
This document discusses various types of fishing tools and techniques used in oil and gas well operations. It begins by defining fishing as the removal of debris or equipment from a wellbore. It then describes different types of fishing tools including diagnostic tools, inside grappling tools called spears, outside grappling tools called overshots, and force intensifiers or jars. It provides details on how each type of tool is used to engage and remove objects stuck in the wellbore. The document also discusses milling tools that are used when conventional fishing methods cannot remove an object, and spear fishing tools that use latch fingers to engage with and extract equipment from the well.
The document summarizes two international conferences on mineral extraction from geothermal brines that were held in 2005 and 2006. The conferences aimed to discuss research, identify issues for commercializing mineral extraction, and facilitate collaboration. Extracting minerals like silica, lithium, manganese, and zinc could yield economic benefits by reducing operating costs, increasing power output, and providing saleable byproducts. The document outlines some uses and market values for these minerals to argue that mineral extraction from geothermal reservoirs deserves further attention and focus.
This document discusses ventilation hazards and risks in mines and methods for their control. It identifies potential hazards from gas, dust, spontaneous combustion, frictional ignition, windblast and heat. It recommends mines undertake risk assessments to understand their specific hazards and implement management plans with controls tailored to each identified risk. Controls address issues like gas monitoring, dust suppression, diesel particulate filtration, inspection for spontaneous combustion, minimizing frictional ignition risks, maintaining appliance integrity and training personnel. Effective ventilation management plans that are understood and followed are key to minimizing risks.
The document discusses family law in Canada, specifically related to divorce. It notes that jurisdiction over family law is shared between the federal and provincial/territorial governments. The federal government legislates on marriage and divorce through the Divorce Act, while provinces/territories legislate on property division, child support, parenting and other related issues. The document outlines changes to divorce law and society over time, including the introduction of no-fault divorce in 1985. It summarizes provisions of the 1985 Divorce Act related to obtaining divorce, child support, spousal support, and the objectives of support orders.
Seismic data acquisition involves using energy sources and sensors to detect seismic signals that are used to image subsurface structures. Seismic methods are well-suited for hydrocarbon exploration due to their high accuracy, resolution, and depth of penetration compared to other geophysical methods. Onshore, explosives or vibroseis trucks are common energy sources, and geophones are the sensors. Offshore, airguns are the energy source and hydrophones are the sensors. 2D and 3D seismic surveys are conducted on land and marine environments to collect seismic reflection data along source-receiver profiles. The digitally recorded seismic traces provide information about subsurface layering and structures after processing and interpretation.
The document outlines minimum illumination levels in lux that must be provided for various areas of a mining operation. It specifies that general working areas should receive a minimum of 10 lux, while more hazardous areas like drilling operations, conveyor points, and electrical equipment require higher levels of 15-100 lux. It also states that an illumination plan signed by relevant officials should be maintained and updated monthly, with standards set by the CIM.
1. India produces many important minerals and ranks highly in global production. Key minerals produced are coal, limestone, and iron ore. Major producing states are Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka.
2. Mining in India faces challenges of inadequate infrastructure, difficulties obtaining environmental clearances, and local community opposition. Several large projects have been delayed or withdrawn due to these issues.
3. Ore deposits form through various geological processes including magmatic, hydrothermal, metamorphic, and surficial processes. Theories of ore genesis explain the source of metals, how they are transported, and how they become trapped in
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
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1. ADITYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE (A)
ADITYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE (A)
WELCOME TO BOS MEMBERS
DEPT. OF PETROLEUM
TECHNOLOGY
OCTOBER 10TH 2020
DR GIRI PRASAD REMINISETTY
Associate Professor & Head
Department of Petroleum Technology
Aditya Engineering College (A)
Email: hod_pt@aec.edu.in
2. Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
Aditya Engineering College (A)
Course Outcomes
At the end of the Course, Student will be able to:
2
CO 1: To Identify different source rocks and choose better one
for oil formation.
CO 2: Apply the petrophysical properties of reservoir and cap
rocks for oil retention.
CO 3: Analyze the different factors for the mechanism of oil
migration.
CO 4: Build a geological model for ideal petroleum system
CO 5: Explain the types of sedimentary basins.
3. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Course Contents
UNIT I : Introduction & Source Rocks
UNIT II : Reservoir Rocks and Cap Rocks
UNIT III: Hydrocarbon Migration
UNIT IV: Entrapment of Hydrocarbons
UNIT V : Sedimentary Basins
3
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
5. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Text Books
1. Geology of Petroleum, A.I. Levorsen,2ndEdition.
CBS, Publishers, 2006.
2. Geology for Petroleum Exploration, Drilling and
Production, Hyne, N.J, 1984
5
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
6. ADITYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE (A)
ADITYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE (A)
Introduction to Source Rock
(UNIT-I)
DR GIRI PRASAD REMINISETTY
Associate Professor & Head
Department of Petroleum Technology
Aditya Engineering College (A)
Email: hod_pt@aec.edu.in
7. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Unit-1 Outcomes
At the end of the Course, Student will be able to:
7
CO 1: To Identify different Source Rocks and choose better one
for oil formation.
CO 2: Apply the Petrophysical properties of Reservoir and Cap
Rocks for Oil Retention.
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
8. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Contents
Definition of source rock, Nature and type of
source rocks - Claystone / shale, The process
of Diagenesis, Catagenesis and Metagenesis in
the formation of source rocks, Evaluation of
petroleum source rock potential, Limestone as
source rocks, Subsurface pressure temperature
conditions for the generation of oil and gas from
the source sediments, Oil window.
8
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
9. ADITYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE (A)
ADITYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE (A)
Definition of Source Rock and Types of
Source Rock
DR GIRI PRASAD REMINISETTY
Associate Professor & Head
Department of Petroleum Technology
Aditya Engineering College (A)
Email: hod_pt@aec.edu.in
10. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lecture, Student will be able to:
LO 1 : Source Rock Formation and Types of
Source Rocks.
10
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
11. Aditya Engineering College (A)
The Origin of oil and gas
11
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
12. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Source Rock Definition
Petroleum source rock is defined as the fine-grained
sediment with sufficient amount of organic matter,
which can generate and release enough
hydrocarbons to form a commercial accumulation of
oil or gas .
12
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
13. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Source Rock Generation
13
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
14. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Source Rock
• The amount, type and composition of petroleum
generated is dependent upon the nature and
geological history of the source rock.
• The most important parameters are the nature
of the organic matter in the source rock and its
maturity governed by its time/temperature
history.
14
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
15. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Source Rock Form
• They form one of the necessary elements of a
working petroleum system.
• They are organic-rich sediments that may have
been deposited in a variety of environments
including deep water marine, lacustrine and
deltaic.
15
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
16. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Source Rock Form
Subsurface source rock mapping methodologies
make it possible to identify likely zones of
petroleum occurrence in sedimentary basins as
well as shale gas plays.
16
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
17. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Source Rock Form
17
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
18. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Source Rock Form
18
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
19. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Carbon
• Carbon has numerous ways of bonding with many other
elements, particularly oxygen and hydrogen
• It forms “organic” and “inorganic” compounds. Organic
compounds are considered unstable in the biosphere because
they are in the reduced state.
• Inorganic compounds, principally calcite and dolomite, are
stable because they are in the oxidized state.
• Carbon is contained in most substances that are vital for the
development of life (“biomolecules”): Proteins, lipids,
sacharides, etc.
19
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
24. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Types of organic matter (kerogen types)
• The type of organic matter (kerogen) is considered the second
most important parameter in evaluating the source rock.
• The kerogen type can be differentiated by optical microscopic
or by physicochemical methods.
24
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
25. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Types of organic matter (kerogen types)
• The differences among them are related to the nature of the
original organic matter.
• The organic matter in potential source rocks must be of the
type that is capable of generating petroleum.
• It has been established that the organic matter is classified into
three classes .
25
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
26. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Types of organic matter (kerogen types)
• (types I and II) equivalent Sapropelic type.
• (type III) equivalent Humic type.
• Mixed type from the two other types equivalent (II/III or III/II).
26
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
27. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Types of organic matter (kerogen types)
• Type I: mainly oil-prone organic matter with minor gas.
• Type II: mixed oil and gas-prone organic matter.
• Type III: mainly gas-prone organic matter.
27
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
29. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Maturation
• With increasing burial by later sediments and increase in
temperature, the kerogen within the rock begins to break down.
• This thermal degradation or cracking releases shorter chain
hydrocarbons from the original large and complex molecules
occurring in the kerogen.
29
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
30. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Expulsion
• The hydrocarbons generated from thermally mature source
rock are first expelled, along with other pore fluids, due to the
effects of internal source rock over-pressuring caused by
hydrocarbon generation as well as by compaction.
• Once released into porous and permeable carrier beds or into
faults planes, oil and gas then move upwards towards the
surface in an overall buoyancy-driven process known as
secondary migration.
30
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
31. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Classification on Oil Generation
• Source rocks are classified according to oil generation into
three classes :
• Immature source rocks that have not yet generated
hydrocarbons.
• Mature source rocks that are in generation phase.
• Post mature source rocks are those which have already
generated all crude oil type hydrocarbons.
31
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
32. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Classification on Oil Potential
• Waples distinguished the petroleum source rocks into
• potential,
• possible,
• and effective
• Potential source rocks are immature sedimentary rocks
capable of generating and expelling hydrocarbons, if their level
of maturity were higher.
32
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
33. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Classification on Oil Potential
• Possible source rocks are sedimentary rocks whose source
potential has not yet been evaluated, but which may have
generated and expelled hydrocarbons.
33
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
34. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Classification on Oil Potential
• Effective source rocks are sedimentary rocks, which have
already generated and expelled hydrocarbons.
34
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
35. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Permo-Triassic Kommugudem-
Mandapeta-Red Bed Petroleum System
– KG Basin
• Kommugudem Formation is the main source rock for this
system.
• It belongs to Artinskian (Upper Early Permian) age.
• This coal-shale unit is more than 900 m thick in the type well
Kommugudem-1.
• It has a good source rock potential with rich organic matter
with TOC ranging between 0.5 to 3% and vitrinite reflectance
in the deeper part of the basin is in the range of1.0 to 1.3.
• Generation threshold occurred during Cretaceous.
35
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
36. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Late Jurassic-Cretaceous Raghavapuram-
Gollapalli-Tirupati-Razole Petroleum System
• Raghavapuram Shale of Lower Cretaceous age is
considered as the principal source rock not only for this
system but also for the onland part of the basin.
• Maximum thickness up to 1100 m is recorded in the
subsurface.
• The organic matter is dominantly of Type III and III B.
• The maturity level varies between catagenetic to
inadequately matured in different parts of the basin.
• TOC is recorded up to 2.4%. It has the proclivity for
generation of both oil and gas. 36
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
37. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Palakollu-Pasarlapudi Petroleum System
• The Paleocene Palakollu Shale is the source sequence.
• TOC ranges between 0.6 to >5% and is dominantly humic
type, rich in inertinite and about 10-20% contribution is from
Type II organic matter.
37
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
38. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Vadaparru Shale –Matsyapuri / Ravva
Formation-Godavari Clay Petroleum System
• Vadaparru Shale is the principal source sequence. Average
TOC for this sequence is about 4%.
• Organic matter is in the early phase of maturation in the
coastal part and increases basin ward. Organic matter is of
Type III and has potential to generate both oil and gas.
38
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
39. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Cambay Basin Source Rock
• Thick Cambay Shale has been the main hydrocarbon source
rock in the Cambay Basin.
• The total organic carbon and maturation studies suggest that
shales of the Ankleshwar/Kalol formations also are organically
rich, thermally mature and have generated oil and gas in
commercial quantities.
• The same is true for the Tarapur Shale. Shales within the
Miocene section in the Broach depression might have also
acted as source rocks.
39
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT
40. Aditya Engineering College (A)
Summary
LO1: What is Source Rock
LO2: How it forms
LO3: How Oil and Gas Generates
LO4: Different types of Source Rocks in Indian
Basins
40
Petroleum Geology Dr.Giri Prasad R, Associate Professor& Head, PT