First step robotics
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An electromechanical device that can react autonomously to its environment and make decisions to achieve tasks is defined as a robot. Robotics involves mimicking human characteristics through engineering. Robots are used for knowledge and learning, amusement, competitions, domestic and professional tasks, and security. There are many types of mobile and non-mobile robots that can be used in college tech competitions to participate in robotics. Basic robotics components include resistors, capacitors, diodes, LEDs, LDRs, logic gates, breadboards, switches, motors, and ICs like the L293d used to control motors.
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First step robotics
- 2. •An electromechanical device which is capable of reacting in some way to its environment, and take autonomous decisions or actions in order to achieve a specific task. •The word robotics is used to collectively define a field in engineering that covers the mimicking of various human characteristics.
- 3. Why Important ? Knowledge & Learning Amusement & Companionship Competitions & Contests Autonomous life form Domestic orProfessionaltasks Security and Surveillance Robots are cool and interesting!
- 4. The basic type of robotics……. Manual robot. Semi- Autonomous Autonomous
- 11. Mobile Wheeled Robot (Mostly Used IN Competations)
- 12. Some Others……
- 13. Events where you can participate…. College Techfest-Janagni IitRoorkeeTechfest-Cognizance E-yntra MnitAllahabad Techfest-Avishkar IIT Kanpur Techfest-Techkriti
- 14. Let’s Start………. With basic ………..
- 15. Binary system…. •In electronics,binary numbersis the flow of information in the form of zeros and ones used by digital computers and systems. •digital circuits process signals that contain just two voltage levels or states, labelled,Logic “0”andLogic “1”.
- 16. Logic Gates… •Digital systems are said to be constructed by using logic gates. These gates are the AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, EXOR and EXNOR gates. •The basic operations are described by the truth tables.
- 17. And Gate
- 18. Or Gate
- 19. Not Gate
- 20. NOR Gate
- 21. NAND Gate
- 23. Resistors (variable & fixed)
- 24. A range of resistors with different power ratings. 24
- 25. Colour coding of through-hole resistors 25
- 26. Capacitors…
- 27. Schematic symbols for polarized and nonpolarized capacitors. 27 • Capacitor, sometimes referred to as a Condenser, is a simple passive device that is used to “store electricity”. • The capacitor is a component which has the ability or “capacity” to store energy in the form of an electrical charge producing a potential difference (Static Voltage) across its plates, much like a small rechargeable battery
- 28. Cylindrical capacitors with radial leads (top and bottom) and axial leads (centre). All are electrolytic. 28
- 29. Generic ceramic capacitors.. 29
- 30. Diodes…..
- 31. Symbols representing a generic diode. 31 • A diode is a device that lets current flow in only one direction. A diode has two terminals, called the anode and the cathode. • Current will flow through the diode only when positive voltage is applied to the anode and negative voltage to the cathode. If these voltages are reversed, current will not flow.
- 32. Diff. types of Diodes 32
- 33. Zener diode. 33 • Zener diodes are used to "clamp" a voltage in order to prevent it rising higher than a certain value. • This might be to protect a circuit from damage or it might be to "chop off" part of an alternating waveform for various reasons.
- 34. LED(Light Emitting Diode) •LED produce visible light when an electrical current is passed through them.
- 35. LDR{Light Dependent Resistor} •A photoresistoror light dependent resistor is a component that is sensitive to light. When light falls upon it then the resistance changes.
- 36. Chassis.
- 37. Breadboard.
- 39. Switch…… •It is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.
- 40. Switches Types:-
- 42. DPDT Connections •6-pin 8-pin
- 43. Voltage Regulator.. •IC 78xxseriesof fixed linear voltage regulator. •Last two digit show regulated voltage. •IC 7805-
- 44. 78xx Series 78xx Output(volt) 79xx Output(volt) 7805 +5 7905 -5 7806 +6 7906 -6 7808 +8 7908 -8 7809 +9 7909 -9 7810 +10 7910 -10 7812 +12 7912 -12 7815 +15 7915 -15 7818 +18 7918 -18 7824 +24 7924 -24
- 45. Blink a LED using IC 7805
- 46. DC Motors •Polarity of the supplied voltage determines the direction. •Inversion of battery terminal will change the direction of rotation .
- 48. Dc gearless motor •Moderately high speed(rpm) •Less torque •Can be used for low power application •Usually used as propeller in small boats, in beambotsand other solar bots
- 49. Geared dc motor •Good torque •Relatively lesser speed •Used where the torque is the main criteria •Low speed application •Usually used to drive a robot and for robotic arm
- 53. IC-L293d….. •It is 16-pin IC. •It is a dual bridge IC. •Use for Driving two motors. •Each motor is connected to One H-Bridge. •Dual Channel Bi-directional Motor Driver •Easy to use •The IC can operate from 4.5v to 36v •Isolated power supply for Motors •Built in thermal shutdown •Can drive up to 600mA per channel
- 55. IC connection on Breadboard….
- 57. L293d Connection on breadboard
- 58. •Dual Tone Multi Frequency is a signalingsystem for identifying the key pressed in the DTMF Keypad •Combination of two sine wave tones to represent a key •Each key has one upper band and one lower band frequency associated with it. •The 12 keys on a cellphone( 0,1,…,8,9,*,#) has unique signal associated with itself. This is DTMF signal. •When the call is on, the pressing of any numerical key leads to generation of DTMF signal which is audible on the other side •Row frequencies-> Lower Bands •Column frequency-> Higher Bands What is DTMF?
- 59. DTMF •The complete system works on a signaling systems called as DTMF or “Dual Tone Multiple Frequency”.
- 60. DTMF Generation
- 61. DTMF
- 62. KEY F1(HZ) F2(HZ) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 1 1209 697 0 0 0 1 2 1336 697 0 0 1 0 3 1477 697 0 0 1 1 4 1209 770 0 1 0 0 5 1336 770 0 1 0 1 6 1477 770 0 1 1 0 7 1209 852 0 1 1 1 8 1336 852 1 0 0 0 9 1477 852 1 0 0 1 0 1336 941 1 0 1 0 * 1209 941 1 0 1 1 # 1477 941 1 1 0 0 A 1633 697 1 0 1 1 B 1633 770 1 1 0 1 C 1633 852 1 1 1 0 D 1633 941 1 1 1 1 FUNCTIONAL TABLE
- 64. 3.5 MMEAR PHONE JACK • One wire comes from the ground terminal of the jack that is connected to common ground of the complete circuit. The other wire can be attached to anyone of two signal terminals.
- 66. Thank You…….