Sunil Kumar is a research scholar and faculty member at the Institute of Hotel and Tourism Management at Maharshi Dayanand University in Rohtak, Haryana, India. The document provides information on first aid, including the principles of first aid, common injuries and situations like burns, cuts, nosebleeds, fractures, and muscle injuries. It also lists the contents of a first aid box.

1. SUNIL KUMAR
DESINGED BY
Sunil Kumar
Research Scholar/ Food Production Faculty
Institute of Hotel and Tourism Management,
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK
Haryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499
email: skihm86@yahoo.com , balhara86@gmail.com
linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumar
facebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar
webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com

2. The initial assistance or treatment given to a
casualty for any injury or sudden illness
before arrival of an ambulance, doctor, or
any qualified person is called as FIRST AID.
The casualty is likely
to be in the need of
secondary aid.
SUNIL KUMAR

3. Principles of First Aid
☼ Act calmly and logically.
☼ Be in control – both of himself or herself and
the problem.
☼ Be gentle but firm, speak to the casualty
kindly but purposefully.
☼ Build up trust through talking to the casualty
throughout the examination and treatment.
☼ Avoid giving any misleading information.
☼ Never leave the casualty alone and continue to
talk to him/her until the ambulance or doctor
arrives.
☼ Continuously reassure the casualty.
SUNIL KUMAR

4. Principles of First Aid ( Cont.)
☼ Send the casualty to
a hospital or doctor
by the quickest
means of transport.
☼ Always inform the
police about serious
accidents
☼ Inform relatives of
the casualty.
SUNIL KUMAR

5. JOB OF A FIRST AIDER….
 Always avoid
endangering yourself
 Ensure that victim is
safe from danger
 Check the victim’s
condition and asses his
or her injuries
 Take immediate
remedial action if
necessary. SUNIL KUMAR

6. DO NOT……
 Allow crowd to form around the casualty.
 Do too much, remember that doctor will be
coming.
 Put any unclean dressing or cloth over the
casualty.
 Touch a wound with your fingers.
 Move a patient unnecessarily.
 Risk burning a patient by using unwrapped hot
water or other heated object.
 Remove his clothing unnecessarily.
 Attempt a precise diagnosis.
 Forget to send for a physician.
SUNIL KUMAR

7. COMMON
SITUATIONS
SUNIL KUMAR

8. BURNS
 For minor burns:
Hold the injury under cold running water for five minutes . It
needs no further treatment. It should simply be left exposed to
air. Don't apply any oil or ointment. Don't prick or remove
blisters.
 For large and deep burns:
Needs medical attention. Relieve pain by immersing the area in
cold water or applying cold wet cloths.
Wrap or cover injury with clean cloth and light
bandage. Treat the victim for shock while waiting
for medical help.
SUNIL KUMAR

9. CUTS OR ABRASIONS
These may be caused in many ways and if not treated
properly may sometimes get infected.
 The wound should be cleaned with warm water and
antiseptic solution and then covered with a clean
dressing..
 In case of bleeding pressure should be applied on the
wound if it is free of foreign particles.
 For deep cuts and excessive bleeding
the person should be taken immediately
hospital.
SUNIL KUMAR

10. For Controlling Bleeding:
 Apply direct pressure to the wound, using fingers
or hand.
 If the wound is large, press the edges together,
gently, firmly maintaining pressure.
 Consider what you can use as a pad to control the
bleeding more effectively, a clean folded
handkerchief is ideal.
 If bleeding is from limb, elevate it.
 If direct pressure seems to control bleeding, put a
sterile or clean dressing on the wound.
 Bandage should be firm enough to prevent
bleeding but not so tight to cut off circulation.SUNIL KUMAR

11. MINOR WOUNDS
 Wash the wound and the surrounding skin thoroughly
with soap and water.
 Remove any foreign material and dirt from the wound.
 Wash your hands, shake them dry.
 Swab the skin around the wound with antiseptic solution.
 Apply a sterile dressing or band aid type bandage.
 Leave the dressing in place until the wound has healed.
SUNIL KUMAR

12. NOSE BLEEDING
 Make the victim sit down with his or her head
over a sink or bowl.
 Pinch the sides of nose together, apply a cold
pad to bridge of nose and wait.
 Instruct the victim to breathe through the mouth
and not to sniff.
 If bleeding doesn’t stop
within 20 mins, take the
person to the hospital
immediately.
SUNIL KUMAR

13. ACHES & PAINS
BACKACHE
 Apply local heat to the back from a hot water bottle or heat
lamp.
 Use of pain relieving drugs, as aspirin, ibuprofen, for short
periods.
Headache
 The victim should relax.
 Use pain relievers.
 Apply a cold compress or covered
hot bottles to the forehead.
SUNIL KUMAR

14. ACHES & PAINS (Cont.)
EAR ACHE
 Self help is limited to giving pain relieving drugs.
 Check the victim’s temperature and consult a doctor if a fever
is developing.
TOOTHACHE
 The affected tooth can be dabbed with
clove oil.
 Pain relievers can be taken.
 Hot water bottle against the painful side
the face.
SUNIL KUMAR

15. FRACTURES
GENERAL PRINCIPLES:
 Avoid unnecessary movements at the fracture site.
 With leg fractures, only move the victim if he or she
is in dangerous situation.
 A person with arm, hand or collar fracture may be
made comfortable by applying padding and support
sling.
 Always pad the fracture site and
avoid undue pressure.
 Use of excellent splints is important.
SUNIL KUMAR

16. MUSCLE INJURIES
 Sit or lay the injured person down.
 Put the injured part in the most
comfortable position.
 Apply a cold ice pack.
 Bandage it in place and leave for
half hour which will limit internal
bleeding.
 Firmly compress the injured part
with thick cotton wool bound on
with the bandage.
SUNIL KUMAR

17. BANDAGES & DRESSINGS
 Adhesive Bandage
 Adhesive Fabric tape
 Field Dressing
 Gauge Dressing
 Roller Bandage
 Triangular bandage
 Slings
SUNIL KUMAR

18. FIRST AID BOX
o First aid book
o Antiseptic cream
o Savlon or Dettol
o Antihistamine
lotion
o Calamine lotion
o Antacid Tablets
o Anti- diarrhoel
Tablets
o Paracetamol
SUNIL KUMAR

19. CONTENTS cont….
o Asprin
o Kaolin Clay
o Chloromycetin eye
ointment
o Travel sickness tablet
o Oil of Cloves
o Clinical Thermometer
o Sterilized dressing for
fingers, hands, feet etc.
o Sterilized cottonwool
SUNIL KUMAR

20. o Absorbent Gauge
o Crepe bandage
o Eye pad
o Band-aids
o Roller bandages
o Triangular Bandages
(unbleached)
o Tweezers
o Dressing Scissors
o Safety pins
o Pad & Pencil
CONTENTS cont….
SUNIL KUMAR

21. SUNIL KUMAR
DESINGED BY
Sunil Kumar
Research Scholar/ Food Production Faculty
Institute of Hotel and Tourism Management,
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK
Haryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499
email: skihm86@yahoo.com , balhara86@gmail.com
linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumar
facebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar
webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com