This document provides an overview of fire fighting training. It discusses understanding the combustion process and different fire classes. It also covers understanding different types of fire extinguishers, their operating procedures, capabilities and limitations. Finally, it addresses basic fire fighting concepts such as objectives, the chemistry of fire, how fire works using the fire tetrahedron model, different materials used to extinguish fires, classification of fires by class, causes of fires and methods of prevention, ignition sources and prevention, and fire control and protection systems including detection/alarm systems, mobile and portable equipment, and fixed systems like sprinklers, hydrants, and specialized suppression systems.

1. Fire Fighting Training

2.  Understand the combustion process and
different fire classes.
 Understand fire extinguisher types, operating
procedures, capabilities, and limitations.
 Understand basic fire fighting concepts:
Objectives

3. Basic Chemistry of Fire
Fire is such a thing that we require it for our
routine life and we cannot remain aloof from
the fire. However the accidental fire, taken place
causes damage to human life and the property. It
is therefore necessary to understand a fire both
the ignition / prevention and extinguishing /
controlling purpose.

4. Extinguish
Inform
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Expand the term Fire

5. SOME DEFINITIONS RELATED TO FIRE
 Flesh Point : It is the lowest temperature at
which a liquid will give off enough flammable
vapour at or near its surface, such that its
mixture with air can be ignited by a spark or
flame.
 Auto Ignition Temperature : It is the lowest
temperature at which a liquid will give off
enough flammable vapour at or near its surface,
such that its mixture with air will self ignite in
the absence of spark or flame.

6. SOME DEFINITIONS RELATED TO FIRE
 Flammable Limits (Explosive Ranges) : The Values
(i.e. upper & lower) expressed in percentage volume of
fuel vapour in air, is the range of concentration within
which a particular vapour or gas mixture with air will
burn or explode when ignited.
Below LEL, the mixture is lean to burn & above UEL
the mixture is too rich to burn.
 Explosion : It is an extremely rapid chemical
(Explosive) transformation of fuel accompanied by
release of energy and compression of gases capable of
producing mechanical energy.

7. How Does a Fire Work?
 Three components
 Need all three
components to start a
fire
 Fire extinguishers
remove one or more of
the components

8. The Combustion Process
THE FIRE TETRAHEDRON
1. Fuel or
Combustible
materials.
2. Oxygen
3. Source of
ignition (Heat /
Temp / Spark)
4. Chain Reaction

9. The fire can extinguished by the following methods.
1. Heat Control (Cooling effect)
2. Oxygen Control (Smothering / blanketing)
3. Fuel Control (Removal of combustible material)
4. Beating out (Breaking of chain reaction by hitting )
The controlling of fire depends on the characteristics of a
material, situation in which fire taken place, available
resources etc. are to be considered for extinguishing
the fire.
Method of Fire Control

10. DIFFERENT MATERIALS
TO EXTINGUISH THE FIRE
 Water
 Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
 Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)
 Sand / Earth
 Foam Compound
 AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam)
 ARFC (Alcohol Resistance Foam Compound)

11. Class
of
Fire
Description of
Materials
Extinguishing
Media
A Fires involving ordinary combustible
materials like wood, Paper, Textiles
etc.
Water,
Water-CO2
extinguishers
B Fires inflammable liquids like Oils,
Solvents, Petroleum Products,
Varnish, Paints, etc. Where blanketing
effect is essential
Foam, Co2,
D.C.P.
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

12. Class
of
Fire
Description of
Materials
Extinguishing
Media
C, E Fire involving Gaseous substances like
LPG, Propane, Butane etc.
CO2, D.C.P.
D Fires involving metals like sodium
Magnesium, Aluminum, Zinc,
Potassium etc. Where the burning
metal is reactive to water
Special type
DCP
E Fires involving electric equipment CO2, D.C.P.
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

13. Causes of Fire :
Causes of Fire Preventive Methods
Open flames - Proper design
Short circuit - Maintenance, Periodic Inspection
Sparks - Spark arrestor, Insulation
Static Charge - Grounding Earthling
Friction - Lubrication, Insulation
Dust explosion - Sufficient ventilation
Lightening - Lightening arrestor
Chemical reaction - Parameter control, Monitoring

14. Ignition Source : Electrics : Static Charge
Fire Prevention
Give proper
Earthling

15. Ignition Source : Electrics : Lightening
Fire Prevention

16. Detection & Alarm System
Mobile Fire Protection
Portable Fire Protection
Fixed Fire Protection
Fire Control & Protection System

17. Heat Detector
Smoke detector
Flame Detector
Manual Call Point
Detection & Alarm System :
Fire Protection

18.  Different types of Fire
Vehicles
 Fire Tender – Water,
Foam, CO2, DCP,
Multipurpose, Rescue
tender.
 Turn Table ladder
 Hydraulic Platform
Mobile Fire Protection :
Fire Protection

19. Portable Fire Protection :
 Fire Buckets
Fire Protection

20.  Fire Extinguisher :
Fire Protection

21.  Fire Extinguisher :
Fire Protection

22.  Water Base Installation
 Fire Hydrant System
 Auto Sprinkler System
 Non - Water Base Installation
 Foam Installation System
 CO2 Installation System
 DCP Installation System
Fixed Fire Protection :
Fire Protection

23.  Fire Hydrant Accessories
Fire Protection

24.  Fire Hydrant System
 Fixed Fire Protection : Water Base Installation
Fire Protection

25.  Fire Hydrant Operation

26.  Auto Sprinkler System
 Fixed Fire Protection : Water Base Installation
Fire Protection

27.  Auto Sprinkler System
Fixed Fire Protection : Water
Base Installation
Fire Protection

28.  Auto Sprinkler System : Nozzles
 Fixed Fire Protection : Water Base Installation
Fire Protection

29.  Fixed Fire Protection :
 Foam Installation System
Fire Protection

30.  Fixed Fire Protection :
 Foam Installation System
Fire Protection

31.  Fixed Fire Protection : Non - Water Base Ins.
 CO2 Installation System
Fire Protection

32.  Fixed Fire Protection : Non - Water Base Ins.
 DCP Installation System
Fire Protection

33.  Fire has a tremendous destruction power.
 Small fire can become too big to fight.
 Fire can destroy whole industry and many lives can
be lost and many families are affected.
 Restoring the damage is only part of the cost.
 If there is a serious fire, morale of work force gets
badly eroded.
 Productivity will get affected.
 Takes considerable times to restore.
Effect of Fire

34. Thank You