The document provides information on basic fire safety training. It discusses [1] the objectives of fire training related to life saving and protecting property, [2] the contents of fire evacuation training including chemistry of fire, classes of fire, stages of fire, fire protection systems, fire risks, what to do in a fire, and use of fire extinguishers. It also covers [3] what fire is, the fire triangle and tetrahedron, types of fires classified by materials (A, B, C, D, E), stages of fire, firefighting methods, risks of fire, and prevention, protection systems, and what to do in a fire emergency.
Emergency Response Training has been implemented to many corporate giants and are being used by some of my counter parts. This programme involves earth quake, fire fighting, tsunami, armed intruder and bomb threat. The second version of this programme is called Workplace Emergency Preparedness Training (WEPT) soon will be launched in this Slide Share
an awarness workshop on Fire safety. which helps to know the types of fire, prevention,and avoidable works at the time oh fire.it may help to know FIRE well.
Fire warden Training is a criticle part of your Occupational Health and safety Regulations. This presentation gives you a guide on the requirements of a fire warden. The best training is delivered by real emergency workers that are expert in that field.
Under Australian Standard 3745-2010 all workplaces are to have at least on trained fire warden as part of their emergency control organisation.
Multi tenated building such as shopping centres require the building owner or thier agent to ensure that an Emergency Control Organisation is in Place (Fire Warden Structure) for all buildings Class 2 to 9 (Building code of Australia).
A 1-day staff Fire Awareness workshop. Presentation is an abstract from an instructor-led session, so certain elements are not fully active; video clips were also contained in the original. A full working version can be obtained from HJA: info@hollandjones.com.
Emergency Response Training has been implemented to many corporate giants and are being used by some of my counter parts. This programme involves earth quake, fire fighting, tsunami, armed intruder and bomb threat. The second version of this programme is called Workplace Emergency Preparedness Training (WEPT) soon will be launched in this Slide Share
an awarness workshop on Fire safety. which helps to know the types of fire, prevention,and avoidable works at the time oh fire.it may help to know FIRE well.
Fire warden Training is a criticle part of your Occupational Health and safety Regulations. This presentation gives you a guide on the requirements of a fire warden. The best training is delivered by real emergency workers that are expert in that field.
Under Australian Standard 3745-2010 all workplaces are to have at least on trained fire warden as part of their emergency control organisation.
Multi tenated building such as shopping centres require the building owner or thier agent to ensure that an Emergency Control Organisation is in Place (Fire Warden Structure) for all buildings Class 2 to 9 (Building code of Australia).
A 1-day staff Fire Awareness workshop. Presentation is an abstract from an instructor-led session, so certain elements are not fully active; video clips were also contained in the original. A full working version can be obtained from HJA: info@hollandjones.com.
Fire fighting, types of fires, types of fire extinguishers, building management systems, sprinkler systems, heat and smoke sensors.
http://www.greenarchworld.com/
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
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Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
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"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
Remote sensing and monitoring are changing the mining industry for the better. These are providing innovative solutions to long-standing challenges. Those related to exploration, extraction, and overall environmental management by mining technology companies Odisha. These technologies make use of satellite imaging, aerial photography and sensors to collect data that might be inaccessible or from hazardous locations. With the use of this technology, mining operations are becoming increasingly efficient. Let us gain more insight into the key aspects associated with remote sensing and monitoring when it comes to mining.
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
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Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
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Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
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Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
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Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
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According to TechSci Research report, “India Orthopedic Devices Market -Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2030”, the India Orthopedic Devices Market stood at USD 1,280.54 Million in 2024 and is anticipated to grow with a CAGR of 7.84% in the forecast period, 2026-2030F. The India Orthopedic Devices Market is being driven by several factors. The most prominent ones include an increase in the elderly population, who are more prone to orthopedic conditions such as osteoporosis and arthritis. Moreover, the rise in sports injuries and road accidents are also contributing to the demand for orthopedic devices. Advances in technology and the introduction of innovative implants and prosthetics have further propelled the market growth. Additionally, government initiatives aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure and the increasing prevalence of lifestyle diseases have led to an upward trend in orthopedic surgeries, thereby fueling the market demand for these devices.
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2. Fire Training objective
Life Saving- Guest, Staff, Comfort and Safety.
• Protect Property Equipment and Asset.
EVACUATION
3. TRAINING CONTENTS
CHEMISTRY OF FIRE
CLASSES OF FIRE
STAGES OF FIRE
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
FIRE RISKS AT HOME & OFFICES
IN CASE OF FIRE
USE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
4. FIRE
• FIRE IS AN EXOTHERMIC
COMBUSTION REACTION WHICH
LIBERATES LARGE AMOUNTS OF
HEAT, SMOKE & LIGHT AS MAIN
PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION
5. What is FIRE?
-Fire is a chemical reaction of 3 elements.
Need all three components to start
a fire.
Fire extinguishers remove one or
more of the components.
5
6. What is FIRE? (Contd….)
The “Fire Triangle” identifies the three components of any Fire:
–Fuel paper, wood, flammable gas, energized electrical equipment,
etc...
–Energy (heat), sufficient to support combustion. Often referred to
as the ignition source.
–Oxidizer (air)
IF ANY ONE OF THESE IS MISSING, A FIRE CANNOT
CONTINUE.
6
8. Types of
Fire Class Fire Type Materials involved
Wood, paper, cloth, trash etc…
A General
Flammable Flammable solvents, liquids, Oils,
B
Liquids Greases, Paints etc…
1. Electrical
Energized electrical equipment
C 2. Flammable
and All flammable gases
Gases
D Water reactive Chemicals,
D Metals
Combustible metals etc…
8
9. Class A - Wood, paper, cloth, carpets, trash, plastics
Solid combustible materials that are not metals. (Class A fires generally leave an Ash.)
Class B - Flammable liquids: gasoline, oil, petrol, diesel, grease, acetone
Any non-metal in a liquid state, on fire. This classification also includes flammable gases. (Class
B fires generally involve materials that Boil or Bubble.)
Class C – Flammable Gases: Methane, Propane
or your Domestic LPG Gas cylinders, it would be considered a class C fire.
Class D - Metals: potassium, sodium, aluminum, magnesium
Unless you work in a laboratory or in an industry that uses these materials, it is unlikely you'll have
to deal with a Class D fire. It takes special extinguishing agents (Metal-X, foam) to fight such a fire
Class E – Electrical Started Fire
10. Stages of Fire
Initial Stage Blaze Stage
(0 Seconds to 10 Minutes) (Over 10 Minutes)
TIME FACTOR
Incipient Stage Blaze Stage
Class A 0 -10 Minutes Over 10 Minutes
Class B 0 -1 Minutes Over 1 Minute
Class C 0 - 30 Seconds Over 30 Seconds
Class E Leads To a Fire in Another Class of Fire
11. FIRE FIGHTING METHODS
STARVATION Elimination of
FUEL
SMOTHERING Limitation of
OXYGEN
COOLING Removal of
TEMPERATURE
CHEMICAL CHAIN INHIBITION Cutting of
continuous
FREE RADICAL
FORMATION
12. FIRE FIGHTING MEDIA
WATER
COOLING - One gallon absorbs 9000BTU
of Heat
SMOTHERING
DILUTION
EMULSIFICATION
13. Common Causes of Fire
• Carelessness:
* Disposal of cigarette butts in a trash bag.
• Smoking in bed at night.
• Leaving cigarettes burning in ash trays.
• Gas Stoves, Electric heaters left switched on and unattended.
• Hazardous storage of flammable materials.
• Cables and wires under carpets.
• Broken wiring, Leakage in electric wire
• Faulty electric switch
• Electrical appliances left switched on
Ignorance: Inadequate fire prevention Knowledge
Accident : Electrical Short circuits etc.
Sabotage:
14. Possible Fire Risk in Office
Premises
Electrical fire risk due to short circuit or overload
Mal function of appliances leading to electrical fire
Carelessly discarded cigarette butts
Overheating of electrical appliances – Electric Stove, Oven
Malfunction of AC Plant
LPG leakage
Photocopier toner
UPS and EPABX battery
15. Possible Fire Risk in Residences
Electrical fire risk due to short circuit or overload
Mal function of appliances leading to fire
Carelessly discarded cigarette butts, aggarbatti
Overheating of electrical appliances
Malfunction of Air conditioners
LPG leakage, overheating of geysers
Storage of inflammable / combustible goods
Small mishaps in kitchens due to cooking OIL overheated
16. How to act in the event of Fire
Person Discovering Fire please remain calm and do the following:
• Call your emergency number IMMEDIATELY. state your name and give the
exact location of the fire. If a phone is not available, press and activate the
nearest fire alarm.
* If it is safe to do so, remain at the fire spot to direct the floor and use available
means to extinguish or contain the fire.
* DO NOT ENTER A SMOKE FILLED AREA ALONE, or without protection.
* NEVER LET A FIRE GET BETWEEN YOU AND THE WAY OUT/ EXIT.
* If you are notified of a fire, check with your immediate supervisor.
* Always remain calm, Do not shout Fire… Fire….
• If it is necessary to leave the building, follow the exit signs, DO NOT use
elevator.
• If fire is out of control then call fire brigade number.
17. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
EARLY WARNING SYSTEM
Fire Alarm & Smoke Detection system
Heat / Gas Leak Detector
Fire Extinguishers – Portable type
18. Fire Protection System:
• Smoke / Heat Detectors
• Break Glass Stations (Raising Alarm)
• Fire Hose Reels
• Portable Fire Extinguishers
• Fire Exit Doors
• Fire panel board (in Control Room)
• Drencher System.
• Sprinkler System.
19. FIRE PREVENTION
Prevention is always better than Control. To pre prevent
the Fire accidents we have to eliminate the common Fire
Hazards of the work are
Heat generating appliances.
Static Electricity and Short circuits.
Non-Flame proof equipments.
Storage and handling of flammables/combustibles.
Open flames and Hot surfaces.
Exothermic reactions leads to explosions.
Vehicles and equipment and other unsafe acts & conditions.
19
20. FIRE PREVENTION (contd…)
Fire can be prevented by considering the
following issues
Flame proof equipment
Good housekeeping
Proper Ventilation
Anti Static measures
Personnel awareness
Work procedures
Safe work practices
Right tools
20
21. Remember the Following
1. Portable fire extinguishers are suitable for small fires. i.e. The fires are in the
incipient stage.
2. Portable fire extinguishers can be handled by any work place personnel, who
had aware in its handling.
3. If the Fire is large leave it to ERT members (Firefighting), they can control the
fire by using Fire hydrant / Other appropriate measures.
4. All new entrants should be instructed in Fire safety awareness and emergency
evacuation plans.
21
22. Different Type of
Fire Extinguishers
Sr.no Type of fire Used for class of In HDFC
Extinguishers Fire SLI.
Available
1 ABC (Powder based) All X
Classes(Versatile)
2 DCP(Powder based) B , C Classes X
3 CO2 (Gas based) B , C Classes &
Electrical Fire
4 WCO2 (Water based) A Class Only
5 AFFF(Foam based) B Class Only X
23. FIRE FIGHTING MEDIA
SAND
Absorbs Fuel
Smothers
BLANKETING
Jackets
Asbestos Blankets
BEATING OUT
Fire Beaters
24. FIRE FIGHTING MEDIA
DRY CHEMICAL POWDER
Decomposing and releasing CO2
Smothering
Cutting chain reaction
Heat absorption by powder
Example : Sodium bicarbonate, Potassium
bicarbonate, Urea based potassium bicarbonate, Mono
Ammonium phosphate..
25. Different Kinds of Extinguishers
The 4 most common fire extinguishers:
– All Purpose Water
– Carbon Dioxide
– Multi-Purpose Dry Chemical
– Dry Powder
Each kind of extinguisher has a specific use
26. All Purpose Water
• Use on CLASS A fires
• Pressurized water
• Pressure gauge
present
27. Carbon Dioxide
• Use on CLASS B and
CLASS C fires
• Hard, plastic nozzle
• No pressure gauge
28. Multi-Purpose Dry Chemical
• Use on CLASS A,
CLASS B, and CLASS C
fires
• Fine powder under
pressure
• Pressure gauge
present
29. Fire Extinguishers - Foam
• Cream body (Old type) or Red Body
with Cream label
• Suitable for Class A and B Fires.
• Not suitable for use on fires
involving electricity
• Extinguishes by cooling and sealing
the surface of a burning liquid
30. Fire Extinguishers - Powder
• Blue body (Old type) or Red
body with blue label.
• Best on Class B fires but safe to
use on any type of fire.
• Works by chemically interfering
with the combustion reaction
31. Fire Extinguishers -Carbon Dioxide
• Black body (Old type) or red body with
black label (New type)
• Best on Class B and C fires but safe to
use on any type of fire
• Safe to use on fires involving electricity
• Extinguishes by reducing oxygen levels
and cooling
32. Fire Extinguishers - Blanket
• Any colour body or label but they
are usually red or white
• For use on any type of fire but best
on small contained class B fires and
people on fire.
• Extinguishes by asphyxiating
33. Different Type of Fire Extinguishers
Sr.no Type of fire Used for class of In HDFC
Extinguishers Fire SLI.
Available
1 ABC (Powder based) All X
Classes(Versatile)
2 DCP(Powder based) B , C Classes X
3 CO2 (Gas based) B , C Classes &
Electrical Fire
4 WCO2 (Water based) A Class Only
5 AFFF(Foam based) B Class Only X
34. • Types of fire Extinguisher:
1) Water type
2) CO2 type
3) Dry chemical Powder type
4) water with foam type
35. Fire Extinguisher Anatomy
PRESSURE GAUGE
(not found on CO2
DISCHARGE LEVER extinguishers)
DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN CARRYING
AND SEAL HANDLE
DISCHARGE HOSE
DATA PLATE
DISCHARGE NOZZLE BODY
DISCHARGE ORIFICE
35
36. Parts of a Fire Extinguisher
Extinguisher- Dry chemical powder
38. Parts of a Fire Extinguisher
CO2 Fire Extinguisher
39. Different Kinds of Fire Extinguishers
The 4 most common fire
extinguishers:
Water Type
Mechanical Foam
Dry Chemical Powder
Carbon Dioxide
Each kind of extinguisher has a
specific use
39
40. Applications of Fire Extinguishers
Suitability of Extinguishers
Fire Class
Water M/F ABC DCP CO2 Sand
Class A - - -
Class B -
Class C -
Class D (Spl.
Grade)
Note: X- means can be used on Small surface fires.
40
41. Fire Extinguisher Summary
EXTINGUISHER WORKS AS EFFECTIVE AGAINST
PRESSURIZED WATER COOLING
MECHANICAL FOAM BLANKETING
DRY CHEMICAL
SMOTHERING
POWDER
CARBON DIOXIDE SMOTHERING
DRY SAND BLANKETING D
41
42.
43. P.A.S.S. Method
Pull the pin
This will allow you to
squeeze the handle in
order to discharge the
extinguisher
44. P.A.S.S. Method
Aim at the base
of the fire
Aiming at the middle
will do no good.
The agent will pass
through the
flames.
45. P.A.S.S. Method
Squeeze the
handle
This will release the
pressurized
extinguishing agent
46. P.A.S.S. Method
Sweep side to side
Cover the entire area that
is on fire. Continue
until fire is
extinguished. Keep an
eye on the area for
re-lighting.
47. How to use a Fire Extinguisher
Remember this easy acronym when using an extinguisher - P.A.S.S.
Pull the pin.
Aim the nozzle.
Squeeze the handle.
Sweep side to side at the base of the fire.
47
48. Major Fires
Fire Hydrant System
- Pressure in the System: 7.0 Kg/Cm2
- Water Reservoir Capacity: 2 times than pump capacity
- Main Pump: 273 m3/Hr
- Diesel Engine Pump (Stand by): 273 m3/Hr
- Jokey Pump: 10 m3/Hr
# Single Hydrants,
# Water monitors,
# Water Sprinklers,
# Mobile Foam Monitors
# Different nozzles
48
49. Major Fires (Contd.)
Fire Suppression System
- FM 200 (or) Carbon dioxide
- DCP flooding system
- Water Sprinklers
- Foam spray system etc...
49
50. Major Fires (Contd.)
Mutual aid/ External Help
- Fire Tenders
- External Agencies
- External Experts
- Regulatory Authorities etc...
50
51. FLASH POINT
Lowest temperature at which
a liquid produce enough
vapour to give a momentary
flash by an ignition source.
Flash point temperature vary
with each flammable or
combustible liquid.
53. EXPLOSIVE LIMITS
Explosive limits are those concentrations
of a flammable vapour or gas in air below
or above which combustion or flame
propagation does not occur on contact
with a source of ignition.
LEL – Low Explosive Limit
UEL – Upper Explosive Limit
54. AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE
Lowest temperature at which a solid, liquid or gas will cause self
sustained combustion without an external source of ignition.
55. CLASSIFICATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS ACCORDING TO FLASH
POINT
CLASS – A :- Include those with flash
point less than 23oC
CLASS – B :- Include those with flash
point between 23oC and
65oC
CLASS – C :- Include those with flash
point between 65oC and
93oC
EXCLUDED Includes those with flash point
PETROLEUM :- above 93oC
PRODUCTS
56. FLAMMABLE LIQUID
Flash point below 38oC
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
Flash point above 38oC
58. Response at Fire situation
Indoor Fire Outdoor Fire
AIR AIR
FUEL
X X
FUEL
X
IGNITION
X
IGNITION
58
59. Fire Emergency Response
Remember to RACE during a fire
R Rescue – rescue clients in immediate danger.
Alert – Shout Fire! Fire! (or) Pull fire alarm (or) Dial emergency
A phone number.
Contain – Close all doors and windows.
C
Extinguish/ Evacuate – Extinguish small fires, evacuate clients, if
appropriate.
E
59
60. IN CASE OF FIRE
Do’s
RAISE AN ALARM
(Normally by operating a break glass call point)
Use a Portable Fire Extinguisher to put of FIRE
Leave the room, closing door behind you, using the nearest FIRE EXIT
Use the STAIRS an move towards the ground Floor
Report to the Fire warden at the pre destined Assembly Point at least 15 feet away from the building
Inform the Fire Brigade
61. IN CASE OF FIRE
Don’ts
DO NOT PANIC
Don’t try to use an Extinguisher if you do not know !!!
Do not use any Electrical / Electronic Equipments
Do not congest towards ONE EXIT only, use alternate EXIT
Do Not use LIFTS / Escalators etc…
Do not Re-enter the building
62. Firefighting Decision Criteria
Know department emergency procedures and evacuation routes.
Know locations of extinguishers in your area and how to use them.
Always sound the alarm regardless of fire size.
Avoid smoky conditions.
Ensure area is evacuated.
Don’t attempt to fight unless:
Alarm is sounded.
Fire is small and contained.
You have safe egress route (can be reached without exposure to fire).
Available extinguishers are rated for size and type of fire.
Evacuate! If in doubt.
62
63. Most Fire Deaths are NOT BurnVictims!
Causes of Death in Fires - SMOKE
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydro cyanic acid
Carbon monoxide
Other toxic vapors
Trauma (non-burn)
63
64. Most Important
Only fight a fire in the incipient stage
NEVER fight a fire if any of the following apply:
- Don’t have the proper extinguisher or equipment.
- Fire has spread beyond its point of origin.
- Your instincts tell you GET OUT
When NOT to Fight FIRE?
- Remember to keep an exit to your back.
64
65. Classes of Fire - BS EN 2
• A - Free burning materials, paper, wood, plastics etc.
• B - Flammable liquids, petrol, meths, solvents etc.
• C - Flammable gases, methane, hydrogen etc.
• D - Metals, potassium, sodium, magnesium etc.
• F - Cooking fats
• Electricity can be involved in any class of fire
66. Fire Prevention
• Be mindful of Fire Safety
• Don’t block fire exits, call
points or extinguishers
• No smoking policy
• Take care when cooking
• Observe good security
• Don’t wedge Fire Doors open
67. Fire Procedure - Fire Alarm
• Leave the building
immediately
• Use the nearest exit
• Walk quickly but don’t run
closing doors behind you
• Do not delay your exit to
collect your belongings
• Attend the Fire Assembly
Point and report to the Fire
Warden
68. Fighting a Fire -
Do not fight the fire if : -
• It is bigger than a waste
paper bin
• One extinguisher is not
enough
• Smoke is affecting your
breathing
• You cannot see the way
out
69. • Fire Eats Oxygen
– Oxygen makes up about 21% of the air we
breathe
– We need that 21% to survive
– Anything less can harm our bodies
– The more a fire grows, the more oxygen it
takes and the less we have
70. 25
21% Normal
Conditions
20 17% Some muscle
impairment-
Oxygen in Air (percent)
increased breathing
15
12% Dizziness,
headache, fatigue
9% Unconsciousness
10
5 6% Death within a
few minutes
0
71. • Why do people die in fires?
– Most deaths and injuries are not caused by the
flames
• excessive heat
– temperatures can reach 500 degrees in
less than three minutes
• inhaling the smoke
• lack of oxygen (suffocation)
72. Temperatures
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450
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73. • Most people who die in fires don’t die
from the flames
• They die from lack of oxygen (suffocation)
– fire eats all of the oxygen
– the bigger the fire - the more oxygen it takes from us
• They die from the heat
– fire gets very hot, very quickly
– the more fuel a fire has, the hotter it gets
• They die from breathing the smoke
– things that burn cause toxic (poison) smoke
» furniture
» carpeting
» wallpaper
» curtains
74. • there are three degrees of burns that tell us
– First Degree our burn is:
how serious
• causes redness of the skin and is the least serious
– Second Degree
• causes red, blistered skin
– Third Degree
• worst burn and causes white or charred skin
75. • It is important to treat your burn correctly,
no matter what degree it is
Cool the burned area with cool water for at
least 10 minutes
Seek medical treatment, if
necessary
Never put butter or ice on your burn
– the doctor will give you something if
needed
76. • there are 6 different types of burns
– scald - caused by hot water, steam or food
or liquids
– flame - caused when clothing ignites from
heat or open flame sources
77. • there are 6 different types of burns
– Electrical - caused by frayed electrical cords, electrical
outlets or high tension wires
78. • there are 6 different types of burns
– Contact - caused by touching hot surfaces
– Chemical - caused by bleach, drain cleaner or other
household cleaning products
80. • Drop to the ground, cover your face
with your hands, and
• Roll back and forth until the flames are
out.
81. • If the fire is on your sleeves, put your arms at your
sides and roll over and over until the fire is out
• If you are with someone who catches on fire, tell
them not to run, and help them put the fire out
by rolling them on the ground or using blankets or
water to put out the fire.
82. • When our smoke alarm sounds, we should
GET OUT and STAY OUT. If there is smoke,
we should crawl low under the smoke until
we are outside.
83. • Every house should have at least one
smoke alarm on their ceiling. It can tell us
if there is smoke in our house, even before
we can smell it.
84. • Before opening any doors, we should feel
them with the back of our hand. If it feels
hot, we should use our second exit.
85. • we leave our house, we should remember
to close the doors behind us to help slow
the spread of smoke and give us more time
to escape.
86. • Sometimes the exit signs might not be red -
but it means the same thing.
87. • Look for exit signs in our school, and public
buildings like restaurants, theaters, malls
and hotels.
88. • And sometimes the exit sign may have an
arrow on it - leading us to another exit to
the outside.
89. • we should never pull a fire alarm unless
there really is a fire.
90. Exit Route
• A continuous and
unobstructed path of exit
travel from any point
within a workplace to a
place of safety (including
refuge areas)
• Consists of three parts:
– Exit access
– Exit
– Exit discharge 90
91. Exit Routes
Basic Requirements
• Exit routes must be
permanent and there must
be enough exits in the
proper arrangement for
quick escape
• Exits must be separated by
fire-resistant materials
• Openings into an exit must
be limited to those
necessary to allow access to 91
92. Exit Discharge
• Each exit discharge must lead
directly outside or to a street,
walkway, refuge area, public
way, or open space with access
to the outside that is large
enough to accommodate all
building occupants likely to use
the exit route
• Exit stairs that continue beyond
the level on which the exit
discharge is located must be 92
93. Exit Doors Must Be Unlocked
• Must be able to open from the
inside at all times without
keys, tools, or special
knowledge
• Device such as a panic bar that
locks only from the outside is
permitted
• Must be free of any device or Locked and
alarm that could restrict blocked exit
emergency use if the device or 93
94. Side-Hinged Exit Door
• Must be used to connect any
room to an exit route
• A door that connects any
room to an exit route must
swing out in the direction of
exit travel if the room is
designed to be occupied by
more than 50 people or
contains high hazard
contents 94
95. Exit Route Capacity
and Dimensions
• Must support the maximum permitted
occupant load for each floor served
• Capacity must not decrease in the direction
of exit route travel to the exit discharge
• Ceiling must be at least 7-½ ft. high with no
projection reaching a point less than 6 ft.-8
in. from floor
• An exit access must be at least 28 in. wide at
all points 95
96. Minimize Danger to Employees
• Exit routes must be free and
unobstructed
• Keep exit routes free of
explosive or highly
flammable materials
• Arrange exit routes so that
employees will not have to
travel toward a high hazard Obstructed exit route
area, unless it is effectively
shielded
• Emergency safeguards (e.g., 96
97. Exit Marking
• Each exit must be clearly
visible and marked with
an “Exit” sign
• Each exit route door must
be free of decorations or
signs that obscure the
visibility of the door
97
98. Exit Marking (cont’d)
• If the direction of travel
to the exit or exit
discharge is not
immediately apparent,
signs must be posted
along the exit access
indicating direction to
the nearest exit
• The line-of-sight to an 98
99. Exit Marking (cont’d)
Each doorway or passage
along an exit access that
could be mistaken for an exit
must be marked “Not an
Exit” or similar designation,
or be identified by a sign
indicating its actual use
(e.g., closet).
99
100. Emergency Action Plan
• Describes actions that
must be taken to ensure
employee safety in
emergencies
• Includes floor plans or
maps which show
emergency escape
routes
• Tells employees what
actions to take in
emergency situations 100
101. Fire Prevention Plan
The plan must include:
• A list of the major fire hazards and handling,
storage, and control procedures
• Names or job titles of persons responsible
for maintenance of equipment and systems
to prevent or control ignitions or fires
• Names or job titles of persons responsible
for control of fuel source hazards
• Training for all employees who have
responsibilities in the plan 101
102. Portable Fire Extinguishers
If portable fire
extinguishers are provided
for employee use, the
employer must mount,
locate and identify them
so workers can access
them without subjecting
themselves to possible
injury.
Blocked extinguisher
102
103. Maintaining Portable Fire Extinguishers
• Must maintain in a fully
charged and operable condition
• Must keep in their designated
places at all times except
during use
• Must conduct an annual
maintenance check
• Must record the annual
maintenance date and retain
103
this record for one year after
104. Portable Fire Extinguisher
Training and Education
• Where portable fire extinguishers have been
provided for employee use in the workplace,
employees must be provided with an
educational program on the:
– General principles of fire extinguisher
use
– Hazards of incipient (beginning) stage
fire fighting
• Employees designated to use extinguishers
must receive instruction and hands-on
practice in the operation of equipment
104
105. Common mistake in any Household
This could be a common mistake in any household. This is shocking accident
happened on 13th May 2012 in Pune. A housewife died due to burns sustained in
the kitchen. Her husband too was hospitalized for injuries due to burns while trying
to rescue his wife. How it happened?-The gas stove was on and cooking under
process. The lady observed some cockroaches near the sink and grabbed a can of
insect killer and sprayed it near the gas stove, which was on. There was an explosion
and in no time the poor woman was covered in flames, sustaining 65% burns. Her
husband rushed in, tried to douse the flames and his clothes too caught fire. The
husband is still in hospital, in the burns ward, still unaware that his wife was
declared dead on arrival.
Let us understand:- All insect killer sprays such as "Hit", "Mortein" etc. have highly
volatile and inflammable solvents. The atomized Nano spray particles spread
extremely rapidly and one spark is enough to ignite this explosive mixture with
oxygen present in air. Did the poor lady realize the hazard involved? Apparently not!
Please educate your family about this and spread the word around.... who knows
you may save more than a life....
all pressurized containers like body spray, insect or mosquito killer and all such like containers
are highly inflammable. please read instructions and warnings carefully before using any
product . Whether it is anything ...read the given label nd information on the product packet
This is being used in all spray like insect sprays, Deodorants, perfumes, air fresheners Etc.
these thing cause fire like LPG must be used with caution and away from any source of ignitions
like electrical switches, or any naked fire.