Downloaded 78 times
More Related Content
Similar to Carbon dioxide fire suppression
![Turbine suppression[2]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/turbinesuppression2-120104190957-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Carbon dioxide fire suppression
- 1. What is COWhatis CO22 • The CO2 used by Wormald is not newly manufactured. It isThe CO2 used by Wormald is not newly manufactured. It is derived from Process waste and therefore not classed as aderived from Process waste and therefore not classed as a GWP gas.GWP gas. • CO2 is naturally Occuring GasCO2 is naturally Occuring Gas • No - Ozone depletion potential (ODP)No - Ozone depletion potential (ODP) • No - Global warming potential (GWP)No - Global warming potential (GWP) • No - Atmospheric lifeNo - Atmospheric life • CO2 is colourless and odourlessCO2 is colourless and odourless • CO2 is stored as a liquid in a cylinderCO2 is stored as a liquid in a cylinder • CO2 is for total flood and local application usesCO2 is for total flood and local application uses • CO2 is for unoccupied applications only as it is hazardous toCO2 is for unoccupied applications only as it is hazardous to humans at the concentrations required to extinguish fireshumans at the concentrations required to extinguish fires
- 2. How does COHowdoes CO22 workwork • CO2 is discharged into an enclosure or directly on to the surfaceCO2 is discharged into an enclosure or directly on to the surface requiring protection, and displaces the oxygen.requiring protection, and displaces the oxygen. • CO2 reduces the oxygen level to below that which can supportCO2 reduces the oxygen level to below that which can support combustion (the concentration varies depending on type of fire and risk).combustion (the concentration varies depending on type of fire and risk). Fire ExtinguishedFire Extinguished • CO2 creates a cooling effect on the fire and surrounding areasCO2 creates a cooling effect on the fire and surrounding areas • The minimum CO2 fire extinguishing concentration of 34% isThe minimum CO2 fire extinguishing concentration of 34% is NOTNOT lifelife supportingsupporting • CO2 is suitable for surface & deep seated class ‘A’ firesCO2 is suitable for surface & deep seated class ‘A’ fires • CO2 is suitable for flammable liquids & gas applicationsCO2 is suitable for flammable liquids & gas applications • CO2 is suitable for live electrical equipment applicationsCO2 is suitable for live electrical equipment applications
- 3. The Benefits ofTheBenefits of COCO22 • Clean agentClean agent • Proven componentsProven components • Established technologyEstablished technology • High availabilityHigh availability • Low maintenanceLow maintenance • Low/High pressure systemsLow/High pressure systems • Total flood/local applicationsTotal flood/local applications • Initial and extended dischargeInitial and extended discharge • Class A,B,C and E firesClass A,B,C and E fires • BS 5750 Quality AssuranceBS 5750 Quality Assurance • BS and NFPA design codesBS and NFPA design codes
- 4. -79-79oo CC AtmosphericAtmospheric 1 Bar1 Bar 5.17Bar5.17 Bar 69 Bar69 Bar Critical temperature Liquid region Vapour region Triple point Solid region Temperature -Temperature - oo CC -57-57oo CC 00oo CC 3131oo CC Pressure-BarPressure-Bar 2121oo CC 58 Bar58 Bar
- 5. COCO22 - Systems-Systems High PressureHigh Pressure Low PressureLow Pressure TotalTotal FloodFlood LocalLocal ApplicationApplication TotalTotal FloodFlood LocalLocal ApplicationApplication
- 6. COCO22 - HighPressure Storage- High Pressure Storage • Seamless steel cylinder - 45kg COSeamless steel cylinder - 45kg CO22 • 2/3 full liquid CO2/3 full liquid CO22 • 1/3 full CO1/3 full CO22 vapour - 58 barvapour - 58 bar • Reduced fill - tropicsReduced fill - tropics
- 7. CO2 - HighPressure Storage
- 8. Low Pressure StorageLowPressure Storage • 20 bar @ -2020 bar @ -20oo CC • Lagged pressure vesselLagged pressure vessel • Refrigeration unitRefrigeration unit • COCO22 bulk storagebulk storage • Multi discharge capabilityMulti discharge capability
- 9. Low Pressure SystemsLowPressure Systems • BulkBulk • Mini-BulkMini-Bulk
- 10. Low Pressure BulkSystems AdvantagesLow Pressure Bulk Systems Advantages • Wide range of storage tanks (680 - 54,430kg)Wide range of storage tanks (680 - 54,430kg) • Any fire control panel can be usedAny fire control panel can be used • Light weight valves + manual overrideLight weight valves + manual override • Can be remotely located up to 150 mtrsCan be remotely located up to 150 mtrs • Options for different power supply requirementsOptions for different power supply requirements • FM approved optionFM approved option • Total flooding, inerting, local application, extendedTotal flooding, inerting, local application, extended discharge systems, hose reel systemsdischarge systems, hose reel systems
- 11. Low Pressure CO2Bulk Systems
- 12. Low Pressure Mini-BulkAdvantagesLow Pressure Mini-Bulk Advantages • FM ApprovedFM Approved • Wide range of storage tanks,159, 227, 363, 454 and 680 kgWide range of storage tanks,159, 227, 363, 454 and 680 kg (manifolding possible)(manifolding possible) • Savings on footprint - max. diameter 112 cm for 680 kg tankSavings on footprint - max. diameter 112 cm for 680 kg tank • Easy to service, no weighing (pressure gauges)Easy to service, no weighing (pressure gauges) • Filling on site by COFilling on site by CO22 bulk tankersbulk tankers • Options for different power supply requirementsOptions for different power supply requirements • Hose reel systems possibleHose reel systems possible • Stainless steel tanksStainless steel tanks
- 13. Low Pressure Mini-BulkSystemsLow Pressure Mini-Bulk Systems
- 14. Total Flood ApplicationsTotalFlood Applications Flammable liquid storesFlammable liquid stores Gas turbinesGas turbines EnginesEngines Oil -filled switchgearOil -filled switchgear Cable waysCable ways TransformersTransformers SurfaceSurface DeepDeep SeatedSeated High PressureHigh Pressure
- 15. Coal silos andball mills/pulverisersCoal silos and ball mills/pulverisers Turbo-generatorsTurbo-generators Cement pulverising & dust collectorsCement pulverising & dust collectors Paint mixingPaint mixing Low PressureLow Pressure Total Flood Applications - cont’dTotal Flood Applications - cont’d
- 16. Local ApplicationsLocal Applications CoatingmachinesCoating machines Fuel transfer/lube oil pumpsFuel transfer/lube oil pumps Grinding millsGrinding mills Aluminium & Steel rolling millsAluminium & Steel rolling mills Printing presses & ink storagePrinting presses & ink storage Quench tanksQuench tanks Manual COManual CO22 hosereelshosereels HighHigh PressurePressure LowLow PressurePressure SystemSystem
- 20. COCO22 - DesignBasis- Design Basis • BS - 5306 Part 4BS - 5306 Part 4 • NFPA - 12NFPA - 12 • Min. concentration 34%Min. concentration 34% • Electrical risks 50%Electrical risks 50%
- 21. COCO22 - Limitations-Limitations • Life safety -Life safety - - Above 5%- Above 5% hazardoushazardous - Consider need for interlocks- Consider need for interlocks • Heavier than air -Heavier than air -
- 22. COCO22 - OtherLimitations- Other Limitations • Thermal shockThermal shock • Static electricityStatic electricity • Enclosure leakageEnclosure leakage
- 23. COCO22 - Features& Benefits- Features & Benefits • Simple technologySimple technology • Low cost gasLow cost gas • Clean agentClean agent • High pressure storageHigh pressure storage • Low pressure storageLow pressure storage • Local applicationLocal application • Total floodingTotal flooding • Non-corrosiveNon-corrosive – High reliabilityHigh reliability – Cost effectiveCost effective – No residue, no decompositionNo residue, no decomposition – Cost effective < 1 tonneCost effective < 1 tonne – Large systems, Tanker filling, multishotLarge systems, Tanker filling, multishot – Risk specific protectionRisk specific protection – Volume protectionVolume protection – Ideal for electronic systemsIdeal for electronic systems
- 24. COCO22 - Features& Benefits cont.- Features & Benefits cont. – Rapid extinguish 1 min dischargeRapid extinguish 1 min discharge – Only gas suitableOnly gas suitable – Central bank high/low pressureCentral bank high/low pressure – Leaking enclosuresLeaking enclosures – Manual fire fightingManual fire fighting – Explosion hazardsExplosion hazards – Long term availability worldwideLong term availability worldwide • SurfaceSurface • Deep seatedDeep seated • Directional valvesDirectional valves • Extended dischargeExtended discharge • HosereelsHosereels • InertingInerting • Naturally occurring inert gasNaturally occurring inert gas
- 25. SummarySummary COCO22 :: • InertgasInert gas • Available worldwideAvailable worldwide • Clean agentClean agent • Surface & deep seated firesSurface & deep seated fires • Total flood & local applicationTotal flood & local application • High pressure (58bar)High pressure (58bar) • Low pressure (20 bar)Low pressure (20 bar)
- 27. COCO22 SIMPLESIMPLE RELIABLERELIABLE VERSATILEVERSATILE Cost effective fireprotection forCost effective fire protection for unmanned applicationsunmanned applications
- 28. • Wormald hasmany years experience in the CO2 extinguishingWormald has many years experience in the CO2 extinguishing systems market around the Worldsystems market around the World • Some of the applications for CO2:Some of the applications for CO2: • ArchivesArchives • Coating MachinesCoating Machines • Commercial FryersCommercial Fryers • Degreasing and CleaningDegreasing and Cleaning • ProcessorsProcessors • Dip TanksDip Tanks • Electrical CabinetsElectrical Cabinets • Flammable Liquid StorageFlammable Liquid Storage • Flow Coating MachinesFlow Coating Machines ApplicationsApplications • Floor Covering MachinesFloor Covering Machines • Lubricating Oil PlantsLubricating Oil Plants • Printing MachinesPrinting Machines • Rolling MillsRolling Mills • TurbinesTurbines • Spray BoothsSpray Booths • Switch RoomsSwitch Rooms • Waste Disposal EquipmentWaste Disposal Equipment And many more Commercial and industrial uses.
Editor's Notes
- #2 Slide 1 * CO2 for fire fighting is stored as a liquid - under its own natural vapour pressure. * Its is a clean agent because it - -flashes to vapour upon discharge from the nozzles, and thus leaves no residue. - does not decompose in the fire - so corrosive or toxic by-products are formed. * The CO2 used for fire protection is taken from the waste gas of other processes - so it does not contribute to global warming - It is stored ias a liquid and as most systems never have to operate,- CO2 fire protection helps to protect the environment. It should also be remembered that fire produces far more pollution than the suppression agent.
- #3 Slide 2 CO2 extinguishes fire by reducing the oxygen concentration in the air below the point at which fire can continue to burn. * CO2 will extinguish surface flaming. It is the only gas suitable for deep seated fires in bulk and stored paper. * CO2 will extinguish flammable liquid and gas fires - * It is suitable for discharge onto live electrical equipment - - both low and high voltage. Normally electrical equipment should be shut down upon detection of fire, or activation of the CO2, to remove the source of energy causing the fire.
- #4 Slide 3 The benefits of CO2 are self evident. It is a clean agent. It has proven components. It utilises established technology. It can be obtained anywhere in the world. It has low maintenance costs. It can be provided in either low or high pressure systems. It can be used for total flood or local applications, It is suitable for Class A,B,C and E fires with either initial or extended discharge. The systems are quality assured to BS 5750 and are designed to BS and NFPA codes.
- #5 Slide 4 CO2 changes state, from solid to liquid , to gas depending upon its temperature and pressure. At normal ambient temperatures of around 20’C it’s natural vapour pressure is 58 bar ( 840 psi @70’F) At high ambient temperatures past the ‘triple point @31’C the cylinders contain all vapour. It also becomes apparent that if the CO2 can be cooled its storage pressure can be reduced. When some CO2 is released, the pressure drops and the temperature of the remaining CO2 drops. During a CO2 discharge this phenomenon accounts for the icing on cylinders and pipes
- #6 Slide 5 This slide illustrates that both High Pressure and Low Pressure CO2 can be used for either Total Flooding or Local Applications.
- #7 Slide 6 CO2 can be stored at high pressure ( 58 bar) * in seamless steel cylinders holding up to 45Kg of liquid CO2 * cylinders are filled 2/3 full of liquid to limit overpressure due to thermal expansion. * the remaining 1/3 is filled by vapourised CO2 @ 58 bar If CO2 leaked out the remaining CO2 would continue to vapourise and maintain the pressure at 58 bar. So it is not meaningful to fit a low pressure switch onto a CO2 cylinder to monitor its contents. Weighing or liquid level sensing are the only ways to monitor contents. VdS in Germany is the only body which requires continuous contents monitoring - no-one else in the world does. * Where cylinders can be exposed to high temperatures( tropical countries) a reduced quantity of CO2 is used thereby limiting the overpressure.
- #8 Slide 7 This slide shows a typical High Pressure CO2 bank of cylinders.
- #9 Slide 8 * Low pressure storage means reducing the temperature of the CO2 to -20’C thereby bringing the pressure down to 20 bars. * this means that the storage tank becomes an insulated pressure vessel * the tank also has its own dedicated refrigeration units * This bulk storage of CO2 becomes cost effective above 1500 kg compared with high pressure storage. * It is particularly appropriate where multiple discharges may be required.
- #10 Slide 9 Low Pressure CO2 storage can be in either Bulk Tanks for large systems or Mini-Bulk Tanks for small systems.
- #11 Slide 10 - last bullet point -inerting has not previously been mentioned -this is where CO2 is used to prevent an explosive atmosphere developing by creating a condition where ignition cannot take place.
- #12 Slide 11 This slide illustrates a typical Low Pressure Bulk System
- #13 Slide 12 This slide provides an overview of the Low Pressure Mini-Bulk advantages.
- #14 Slide 13 This slide illustrates a typical miniature low pressure system that has its own integral refrigeration unit.
- #15 Slide 14 CO2 can be used to ‘total flood’ an enclosure- This means discharging the required quantity of CO2 into the enclosure - usually over a 1 minute period- to displace air and achieve the CO2 concentration. A 10 minute ‘hold time’ is required. Total flooding systems extinguish surface fires in such hazards as- - Flammable liquid stores -gas turbine enclosures - diesel engine enclosures There should be minimal unclosable openings and ventilation and plant shutdown upon CO2 activation. An additional ‘extended discharge’ CO2 system may be required to maintain the concentration against loss of CO2 through openings in the enclosure.
- #16 Slide 15 This slide is a continuation of Total Flood Applications.
- #17 Slide 16 Local application means only protecting the item of plant at risk and not the whole of an enclosure. Only the liquid phase of the system discharge is effective as the expansion of the vapourising CO2 within the nozzles is needed to create a directional discharge from the nozzles onto the plant at risk. Additional CO2 is needed as a result. Local application systems usually discharge in 30 seconds. Typical hazards protected with local application are: - printing presses - grinding mills -quench tanks -aluminium rolling mills -manual CO2 hosereels. All local application systems are for surface fires only.
- #18 Slide 17 This slide illustrates a typical CO2 discharge protecting a printing press
- #19 Slide 18 This slide illustrates a typical CO2 discharge protecting a paper making press
- #20 Slide 19 This slide shows a typical CO2 Local Application system.
- #21 Slide 20 Minimum ‘total flood’ concentration - surface fires -34% greater for some ‘difficult’ fuels. 50% and more needed for total flooding - deep seated fires. Local application is based upon the discharge characteristics of the particular nozzles used. May be based upon - ‘rate by volume’ for 3 D hazards or ‘rate by area’ for flammable liquid surfaces
- #22 Slide 21 CO2 at the concentrations used for fire protection is fatal. Above 5% concentrations people start to become affected. When personnel have to enter a CO2 protected area the system must be ‘locked off’ to prevent accidental discharge. This can be by -electrical isolation - key switch - door interlock and/ or isolating valve.
- #23 Slide 22 * thermal shock - CO2 drops in temperature and cools the surrounding air as it flashes from liquid to vapour on discharge. Care is needed not to expose delicate temperature sensitive equipment to direct CO2 impingement. * Liquid flowing through a pipe generates some static electricity. Pipework should therefore be ‘earthed’. * Co2 is a heavy gas and so it tends to leak out of enclosures. It is therefore important to check enclosure integrity to ensure the required CO2 concentrations can be maintained for a sufficient period.
- #24 Slide 23 This slide outlines the features and benefits of CO2 systems.
- #25 Slide 24 - CO2 is the only agent suitable for deep seated fires
- #26 Slide 25 This slide provides a summary of the features and benefits of CO2 .
- #27 Slide 26 This short video shows a typical CO2 discharge test in a Strip Rolling Mill.
- #28 Slide 27 This slide provides a brief summary of the benefits and advantages of CO2 Fire Protection.
- #29 Slide 28 This slide illustrates some of the typical applications for CO2 Fire Protection