Fine Particle Technology deals with preparation, characterization, and applications of particles in the micro-to-nano size range. Radiochemical methods use radioactive isotopes and their decay properties for chemical analysis and have applications in food preservation, cancer treatment, medical imaging, and more. There are three main types of radiochemical methods: isotope dilution, activation analysis, and tracer methods. Radiochemical methods provide accurate analysis while minimizing separations required in other techniques.
All about Radiations, Different energy particles- starting from Basics to New methods of analysis also includes DIfferent applications related to it.
Medha Thakur
(M.Sc Chemistry)
All about Radiations, Different energy particles- starting from Basics to New methods of analysis also includes DIfferent applications related to it.
Medha Thakur
(M.Sc Chemistry)
Neutron Activation analysis is a nuclear process used for determining the concentrations of elements in a vast amount of materials. It is useful for precise identification and quantification
of the elements. There are two types of NAA.
It has a wide ranges of applications in chemistry , geology, archaeology, medicine, environmental monitoring and even in the forensic science.
Introduction to Activation analysis using Neutron
Baisc Principle of NAA
Instrumental NAA
Characteristics of INAA
Advantages, Limitation and Applications of INNA
Neutron Activation analysis is a nuclear process used for determining the concentrations of elements in a vast amount of materials. It is useful for precise identification and quantification
of the elements. There are two types of NAA.
It has a wide ranges of applications in chemistry , geology, archaeology, medicine, environmental monitoring and even in the forensic science.
Introduction to Activation analysis using Neutron
Baisc Principle of NAA
Instrumental NAA
Characteristics of INAA
Advantages, Limitation and Applications of INNA
Particle beam – proton,neutron & heavy ion therapyAswathi c p
particle therapy is advanced external beam therapy used to treat cancer , which uses beams of protons or other charged particles such as helium, carbon or other ions instead of photons. charged particles have different depth-dose distributions compared to photons. They deposit most of their energy in the last final millimeters of their trajectory (when their speed slows). This results in a sharp and localized peak of dose, known as the Bragg peak.
MALDI...
This Presentation Contain following...
#Introduction
#Matrix and examples
#Considerations of Matrix Material
#MALDI Sample Preparation
#Mechanism of MALDI
#Mass Spectrometer
#Reproducibility and Performance
#Uses of MALDI
#Conclusion
#References
Thanks For Help and Guidance of Mr. D.V. Mahuli Sir and Mr. V.T. Pawar Sir
HPLC is Analytical technique that is used for separating the mixture of substances,so there is a number of promising application of HPLC-UV here uv detector is used which record the absorbance
This presentation gives you thorough knowledge about the IR Spectroscopy. This include basic principle, type of vibrations, factors influencing vibrational frequency, instrumentation and applications of IR Spectroscopy. This is the most widely used technique for identifying unknown functional group depending on the vibrational frequency.
LITERATURE REVIEW ON SALT RESISTANT TRANSGENIC RICE VARIETY IN BANGLADESHWaliullah Wali
Introduction
Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice). As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia including Bangladesh. It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize, according to 2012 FAOSTAT data.
Since a large portion of maize crops are grown for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans.
Transgenic Rice or Genetically modified rice are rice strains that have been genetically modified. Rice plants have been modified to increase micronutrients such as vitamin A, accelerate photosynthesis, tolerate herbicides, resist pests, increase grain size, generate nutrients, flavours or produce human proteins.
The natural movement of genes across species, often called horizontal gene transfer or lateral gene transfer, can also occur with rice through gene transfer mediated by natural vectors. However, the cultivation and use of genetically modified varieties of rice remains controversial and is not approved in some countries.
Objective of Transgenic rice production:
Objective of Transgenic rice production is to given bellow-
High-yielding varieties
Flood-tolerant rice
Drought-tolerant rice
Salt-tolerant rice
Environment-friendly rice
Future potential
Golden rice
Expression of human proteins
PRODUCTION OF BIOENERGY FROM INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL WASTEWATERWaliullah Wali
Abtract
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, very often by human activities. Water can be polluted by various ways; Industry and agriculture are the main source of water pollution. At present polluted water cause very harmful effect to the environment. However, treatment of water reduces some portion of this harmful effect, but this might involve high cost. As a results many industries in our country does not abide by the rules of Government environmental policy and through their waste water into the river. The discharge of wastewater into the environment poses a serious threat. This results environment pollution and causes harmful effect on animal lived in water (e.g. fish) as well as for human beings. But it is also a huge opportunity for ecological health, social wellbeing and green employment. If, high value product is obtained from this polluted industrial waste water, then it might be used by the Industries and environment will be less toxic. These studies show some useful application of industrial waste water to get high value products and services.
Abtract 3
Introduction 3
Types of water pollution 5
1. Nutrients Pollution 5
2. Surface water pollution 5
3. Oxygen Depleting 5
4. Ground water pollution 5
5. Microbiological 5
6. Suspended Matter 6
7. Chemical Water Pollution 6
8. Oil Spillage 6
Source of Water Pollution: 6
1. Industrial Waste and Effluent 7
2. Solid Waste and Sewage Disposal 8
3. Inadequate Sanitary Facilities 9
4. Arsenic Contamination of Ground Water. 9
5. Underground storage and tube leakages 10
Effects of Water Pollution 11
1. Death of aquatic (water) animals 11
2. Disruption of food-chains 11
3. Diseases 12
4. Destruction of ecosystems 12
5. Human Health 12
6. Economic cost 13
Present wastewater management 13
1. Preventive practices 13
2. Capture the wastewater immediately 13
3. Treatment 13
4. Recycle and re-use water: 14
5. Education, Awareness, Advocacy and Stewardship: 14
Production of Bioenergy from Industrial And Agricultural Waste water 15
1. Production of Biological methane 15
2. Biological hydrogen production 18
3. Biological electricity production 22
4. Biological chemical production 26
Conclusion 29
References 29
DNA- based biosensors
DNA- based biosensors
Limitations
Poor detection limit
Non-specificity
Inefficient electrode regeneration
Sophisticated electrode preparation
It lacked specificity towards As(III)
Aptamers - based biosensors
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules that can bind to a number of target analytes, including proteins and peptides with high affinity and specificity.
Commercial potential for use as biosensors.
Aptamers - based biosensors
Aptamers - based biosensors
Possible mode of interaction of arsenic site with aptamer
Aptamers - based biosensors
Aptamers - based biosensors
Protein-based biosensors
Most protein-based biosensors developed for As(III) or As(V) are based on the inhibition phenomenon.
Interaction between protein and arsenic species
Characteristics of cell free arsenic biosensors with detection limits and induction period/response time
Conclusion
A number of arsenic biosensors have been developed based on whole-cell biosensor to biomolecules based biosensors.
However, whole-cell biosensor has successfully utilized in the analysis of arsenic in groundwater and soil, but has some limitations.
Biomolecules based biosensors has quick response capacity and better detection limits.
Further challenges
Development of biosensors that could detect arsenic in complex matrices including health related matrices such as blood, urine, etc. and water with high TDS and salinity including seawater.
Article info
Thank you All
Cancer genome databases & Ecological databases Waliullah Wali
Introduction
Biological databases are libraries of life sciences information, collected from scientific experiments, published literature, high-throughput experiment technology, and computational analysis.
Information contained in biological databases includes gene function, structure, localization, clinical effects of mutations as well as similarities of biological sequences and structures.
Cancer genome databases
COSMIC cancer database
COSMIC cancer database
COSMIC is an online database of somatically acquired mutations found in human cancer.
The database is freely available.
COSMIC cancer database
Types of data
Expert curation data
Genome-wide screen data
COSMIC cancer database
Expert curation data
Manually input by COSMIC expert curators.
Consists of comprehensive literature curation followed by subsequent updates.
Includes additional data points relevant to each disease and publication.
Provides accurate frequency data as mutation negative samples are specified.
COSMIC cancer database
Genome-wide screen data
Uploaded from publications reporting large scale genome screening data or imported from other databases such as TCGA and ICGC.
Provides unbiased molecular profiling of diseases while covering the whole genome.
Provides objective frequency data by interpreting non mutant genes across each genome.
Facilitates finding novel driver genes in cancer.
Enter into -
COSMIC cancer database
by typing http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic
in the address bar of Browser
Searching Process
Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
Ecological databases
Ecological databases
Ecological databases is a source for finding ecological datasets and quickly figuring out the best ways to use them.
BioOne
DataONE
GEOBASE
BioOne
BioOne is a nonprofit publisher that aims to make scientific research more accessible.
BioOne was established in 1999 in Washington, DC.
BioOne is Complete and open-access.
It serves a community of over 140 society and institutional publishers, 4,000 accessing institutions, and millions of researchers worldwide.
Enter into -
BioOne Ecological database
by typing http://www.bioone.org/
in the address bar of Browser
Hemophilia is a common hereditary coagulation disorder due to deficiency or reduce activity of clotting factor VIII or clotting factor IX.
This disorder is a X- linked recessive disorder.
Types:
Hemophilia A- deficiency of clotting factors VIII
Hemophilia B- deficiency of clotting factors IX
Hemophilia C- deficiency of clotting factors XI
Parahaemophilia- deficiency of clotting factor V
Causes of hemophilia
Hemophilia has a sex-linked recessive inheritance.
In most cases Hemophilia caused by a mutation in a gene that encodes for one of the clotting factors .
Since the hemophilia gene is located on the X chromosome, Hemophilia usually occurs in males, and Female is the carrier of hemophilia.
Diagnosis
Complete blood cell count
Coagulation studies
FVIII assay
Normal values for FVIII assays are 50-150%. Values in hemophilia are as follows:
Mild: >5%
Moderate: 1-5%
Severe: <1%
Treatment of Hemophilia
Other Types of Treatment
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
Antifibrinolytic Medicines
Vaccinations- hepatitis A and B.
Gene Therapy
Gene Therapy
New Drugs for Hemophilia treatment
New Drugs for Hemophilia treatment
Bangladesh perspectives
Bangladesh would have 10800 hemophiliacs.
But, initially the patients does not concern about hemophilia.
Patients are usually diagnosed only after bleeding episode and sometimes the episode are causes serious consequences.
Conclusion
Primary diagnosis with the success of gene therapy and availability of the new bioengineered products the prospect of the hemophiliacs will be brighter in near future.
For better view, press F5.
As we go through our lives each of us will have very different needs for our own healthcare.
Scientist's are constantly researching to make medical care treatment more personalized.
One way they are doing this is by-
Stem Cells therapy
Stem-cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition.
It is also known as regenerative medicine, promotes the reparative response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives.
It is the next chapter of organ transplantation and uses cells instead of donor organs, which are limited in supply.
What are Stem cells?
Stem cells are called “master cells”
Stem cells are cells that are undifferentiated.
What are Stem cells?
Steam cells have the potential to become all other kinds of cells in our body.
What are Stem cells?
Types of Stem cells
How stem cell therapy works?
Disease cured by stem cell therapy.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Stem cell treatment of Diabetes mellitus type 1 & 2
Stem cell treatment of Stroke
Cancer treatment
Heart damage
Baldness
Tooth implanting
Deafness and blindness
Have stem cells already been used to treat diseases?
Ethical Consideration of Stem Cell Therapy
As the research method mainly focused on Embryonic Stem Cells, which involves taking tissue from an aborted embryo to get proper material to study. This is typically done just days after conception or between the 5th and 9th week.
Since then, researchers have moved on to more ethical study methods, such as Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS). iPS is artificially derived from a non-pluripotent cell, such as adult somatic cells.
Nowadays stem cell treatment has been spreaded throughout the world. It has also been grown commercially in developed countries.
It is thought that one day it may be the major key to treat various diseases.
Using stem cells to conduct medical research and treat disease is acceptable?
Don’t know
No
Yes
Do you approve of the extraction of stem cells from human embryos for medical research?
Don’t know
No
Yes
Transgenic animal models for the functional analysis of vasoactive peptidesWaliullah Wali
The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.
renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is developed in animal by transgenic technology and effects of vasoactive peptide are seen.
Vasoactive peptide is a peptide hormone containing 28 amino acid residues.
Vasoactive peptide is produced in many tissues including the gut, pancreas, and suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus in the brain.
It stimulates contractility of heart, causes vasodilation, lowers arterial blood pressure.
Vasoactive peptide has a half-life (t½) in the blood of about two minutes.
Transgenic technology has established to be very useful for the functional analysis of vasoactive peptide systems.
In-plant Training Report at Ziska Pharmaceuticals Ltd. by~ WaliullahWaliullah Wali
ZISKA PHARMACEUTICAL LTD.
In Plant Training
Training Period: From August 06, 2014 to August 19, 2014Duration: 14 Days
Training Areas:
WarehouseProduction DepartmentQuality Assurance & Quality Control Department Product Development DepartmentMaintenance & Engineering Department
Introduction
In Bangladesh the pharmaceutical sector is one of the most developed hi-tech sectors within the country's economy.
This sector is also providing 97% of the total medicine requirement of the local market.
Recently few new industries have been established with high tech equipment’s and professionals which will enhance the strength of this sector.
Ziska Pharmaceutical Ltd. is one of them.
PROFILE ABOUT ZISKA PHARMACEUTICAL LTD.
Company Name: Ziska Pharmaceutical Ltd.
Factory Location: Karol Surichala, Safipur, Gazipur
Head Office: Nurul tower, 34- Purana Paltan line, Dhaka-1000
Corporate Setup: Private Limited Company.
Manufacturing areas: 146500 sft.
Established Year: 1986
Popular Products OF ZISKA PHARMACEUTICAL LTD.
Engineering department
Engineering department
The Engineering department deals with the complete maintenance of the production and companies total working environment .
The Engineering section of Ziska Pharmaceuticals Ltd. covers the following Utilities :
Production machineries.
Electricity supply
Air Handling
Water supply
Emergency supply
Repairing, restoring and reporting
Worker distribution and pest control.
Engineering department
Utility Service
Electricity:
Required electricity mainly obtained from DESA, incase of load shedding heavy duty generator provide electricity.
Generator:
Name: Cummins
Type: diesel operated.
Capacity: 1750 kilowatt.
Requirement: 1500 kilowatt.
Engineering department
Engineering department
HVAC:
It means Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC). It maintains optimum temperature and humidity throughout the factory.
All seeks to provide thermal comfort , acceptable indoor air quality and reasonable installation operation.
Engineering department
HVAC:
Controlling of temperature and Relative Humidity in deferent areas-
Dispensing: 22±2°C 45±5% RH
Solid &Liquid: 22±2°C 55±5% RH
Sterile: 22±2°C 50±5% RH
Low humidity requiring rooms: 22±2°C 25±5% RH
Minimum air change rate:
Class B 30/hr
Class C 30/hr
Class D not less than 15/hr
Engineering department
HVAC system:
Engineering department
HVAC system:
Engineering department
Chiller system:
This system is involved for the production of chilled water which is supplied through the pipe to produce air conditioning system.
Process:
Engineering department
Engineering department
HEPA Filter
High-efficiency particulate air Filter or HEPA filter is an air filter that must remove (from the air that passes through) 99.97% of 0.3 µm size particles.
Smaller and larger particles are filtered at even greater efficiency.
The effi
Contents
Definition
Purposes
Ingredients
Types of toothpaste
How to choose a toothpaste?
Toxic components of a toothpaste
Caution on toothpaste usage
Definition
A toothpaste or dentifrice is a substance used with a toothbrush for the purpose of cleaning the accessible surfaces of the teeth.
Toothpaste Ingredients
Different types of Toothpastes
ANTI-CARIES AGENTS
Fluoride:
considered to be the most effective caries-inhibiting agent, and almost all toothpastes today contain fluoride in one form or the other
The most common form is sodium fluoride (NaF), but mono-fluoro-phosphate (MFP) and stannous fluoride (SnF) are also used
Fluoride is most beneficial when the mouth is not rinsed with water after tooth brushing. In this way a bigger amount of fluoride is retained in the oral cavity
How do teeth decay?
Tooth decay begins when the outer surface of the tooth is attacked by acid. The acid is produced by bacteria which live on the surfaces of the teeth as a layer called plaque. When foods or drinks containing sugars enter the mouth, the bacteria within the plaque rapidly converts the sugars into acid. The plaque can hold the acid in contact with the tooth surface for up to 2 hours before it is neutralized by saliva.
During the time that the plaque is acidic, some of the calcium and phosphate minerals, of which enamel is largely composed, are dissolved out of the enamel into the plaque. This process is called demineralisation.
Fluoride:
There are three main theories considering the positive action of fluoride in the prevention of caries:
Positive action of fluoride in the prevention of caries:
the most important anti-caries effect is claimed to be due to the formation of calcium fluoride (CaF2) in plaque and on the enamel surface during and after rinsing or brushing with fluoride.
CaF2 serves as a fluoride reservoir.
When the pH drops, fluoride and calcium are released into the plaque fluid.
Fluoride diffuses with the acid from plaque into the enamel pores and forms fluoroapatite (FAP).
FAP incorporated in the enamel surface is more resistant to a subsequent acid attack.
Mouthwashes
A mouthwash is defined as a non-sterile aqueous solution used mostly for its deodorant, refreshing or antiseptic effect.
Mouthwashes or rinses are designed to reduce oral bacteria, remove food particles, temporary reduce bad breathe and provide a pleasant taste.
Mouth rinses are generally classified as either cosmetic or therapeutic or a combination of the two.
Mouthwashes
Therapeutic rinses
often have the benefits of their cosmetic counterparts,
but also contain an added active ingredient, f. ex. fluoride or chlorhexidine, that help protect against some oral diseases.
What are antiperspirants and deodorants?
Antiperspirants and deodorants are personal hygiene products designed to control sweating and body odour. Antiperspirants and deodorants contain ingredients that control sweat and body odour safely and effectively. They are readily available on the market as sprays (aerosol), sticks, creams or roll-ons.
Shampoo
Human Hair Structure
Introduction
Shampoo is a hair care product that is used for the removal of oils, dirt, skin particles, dandruff, environmental pollutants and other contaminant particles that gradually build up in hair.
Introduction
Ideal Properties
Functions of Shampoo
Classification
Classification
Based on Appearance:
Powder Shampoos
Liquid Shampoos or Lotion
Gel Shampoos or Solid Cream
Classification
Classification
II. Based on Use or Function:
Conditioning Shampoos
Antidandruff and Therapeutic
Baby
Balancing
Clarifying
Classification
III. Based on Origin:
Compositions
Shampoos are typically composed of 10 to 30 ingredients.
Several types of ingredients are particularly important, including “Surfactants" that aid in cleansing and lathering.
“Conditioners" and “Active ingredients" that affect the hair and scalp.
“Additives" that stabilize the product.
Compositions
Compositions
Compositions
Compositions
Manufacturing Process
Some pearlising agents are waxy solids at ambient temperature and require melting in a drum oven or similar before use.
Demineralised water is most commonly used in order to minimise contamination of the product.
No further processing is required after blending, and the product may be packed off directly from the mixing vessel.
Manufacturing Process
For preparing liquid shampoo,
Triethanalamine lauvyl sulfate,
stearic acid are heated to about 650C.
Water & preservatives are also heated to 650C.
Both the solutions are mixed together and then cooled.
Perfumes are added after that. The shampoo thus prepared is bottled by automatic bottle filling machine.
Quality Control Tests
a)Foam Stability
Cylinder shake method was used for determining foaming ability.
50ml of the 1% shampoo solution was put into a 250ml graduated cylinder and cover the cylinder with hand and shaken for 10 times. The total volumes of the foam contents after 1 minute shaking were recorded. The foam volume was calculated. Foam should retain for atleast 5mins.
Foam Stability = V2-V1
Quality Control Tests
b)Skin – irritation Test:
Draize test in Rabbits where a patch test technique is used on the intact skin of Albino Rabbits.
A set of 6Rabbits used for testing each material.
Shampoos should be tested only for a short duration thatis,not more than(NMT)4hours as these products come in contact with skin only for a short duration.
These preparations are diluted between concentrations of 8 to 10%.
Quality Control Tests
c)Wetting Action:
Canvas disk is used, is one inch in diameter is floated on the surface of a solution and the time required for it to sink is measured accurately.
Quality Control Tests
d)Viscosity:
Is determined using Brookefield Viscometer.
100ml of shampoo is taken in a beaker and spindle is dipped in it for about 5min and then reading is taken.
Quality Control
Anti-inflammatory drugs
Inflammation is a normal, protective response to tissue injury caused by physical trauma, noxious chemicals, or microbiologic agents. Inflammation is the body's effort to inactivate or destroy invading organisms, remove irritants, and set the stage for tissue repair. When healing is complete, the inflammatory process usually subsides.
However, inflammation is sometimes inappropriately triggered by an innocuous agent, such as pollen, or by an autoimmune response, as in asthma or rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammation is triggered by the release of chemical mediators from injured tissues and migrating cells and include amines, such as histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine; lipids, such as the prostaglandins; small peptides, such as bradykinin; and larger peptides, such as interleukin-l.
Table of Contents
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 3
First Phase : 5
Second Phase : 5
Third Phase : 5
OBJECTIVES OF GATT : 5
OBJECTIVES OF GATT : 5
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF GATT : 5
OTHER FUNCTIONS OF GATT : 5
OTHER FUNCTIONS OF GATT : 5
Did GATT succeed? : 6
Slide 20: 6
Slide 21: 6
Slide 22: 6
Slide 23: 6
Slide 24: 6
Difference between GATT & WTO 7
Tooth 3
Human Teeth Anatomy 4
Typesof Teeth 5
Functions of teeth 6
Common Dental Problems 6
Medications Used in Dentistry 8
Medication in dentistry 8
I. Anesthetics 9
II. Analgesics/pain killers 10
A. Paracetamol/ Acetaminophen 10
B. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs)[8] 11
C. Corticosteroids ointment 11
III. Mouth washes 11
IV. Antibiotics 12
V. Antifungal 13
VI. Antiseptics 14
VII. Dry Mouth Drugs 14
VIII. Muscle Relaxants 14
IX. Drugs to Control Plaque and Gingivitis 14
X. Other dental medications 14
Fluorides 14
Benzodiazepines 15
Saliva substitutes 15
Dental Prophylactic Preparations 15
Mouthwash 15
Toothpaste 17
Recommendations 19
Teeth Brushing Technique 20
References 20
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
4. Fine Particles Science and Technology deals with the preparation,
characterization and technological applications of monodisperse particles in
the micro to Nano size range.
Today, finely divided particulate materials and objects that incorporate or
are produced from these fine particles are everywhere about us.
Particle size is an important characteristic for many dosage forms. Stability,
flowability, dissolution rate, and bioavailability are among the parameters
affected by the size distribution of particles.
Fine Particles Technology
04/12/16Fine Particle Technology of Radio Chemical Method of Analysis
4
6. Nanoparticles (NP) are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 1 to
1000 nm that are utilized as drug delivery agents. The use of NPs to deliver
drugs to the brain across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may provide a
significant advantage to current strategies.
Furthermore, this system may slow drug release in the brain, decreasing
peripheral toxicity.
Currently, reports evaluating NPs for brain delivery have studied anesthetic
and chemotherapeutic agents.
Nanoparticles…
04/12/16Fine Particle Technology of Radio Chemical Method of Analysis
6
7. Methods for Determining Particle Size
04/12/16Fine Particle Technology of Radio Chemical Method of Analysis
7
Laser Light Scattering Techniques
The angles of diffraction are inversely related to the particle size, and this
method is particularly good for measuring sizes between 0.1 and 3,000 μm.
8. 04/12/16Fine Particle Technology 8
Capabilities in fine particle technology include:Capabilities in fine particle technology include:
Fine Particle Technology
9. Nuclei of some atoms are unstable
and emit particles/radiation , the
branch of chemistry which is
concerned with the decay of
unstable nuclei and the products of
decay is Radiochemistry.
Analysis of stable nuclei using the
radio chemicals/radioisotopes is
called radiochemical methods.
Radiochemical methods tend to be
work intensive and generate liquid
waste due to the chemical
separations are involved.
Radiochemical Method…
04/12/16Fine Particle Technology of Radio Chemical Method of Analysis
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10. Radiochemical methods are characterized by good accuracy and
their ability to be adapted to a wide number of applications.
Another advantage to this method is that they minimize or even
eliminate the need for separations that are required in other
analytical methods.
Radiochemical Method…
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11. Types
Isotope dilutionIsotope dilutionActivation Analysis ManagementManagementTracer method
There are three types of radiochemical methods...There are three types of radiochemical methods...
11Fine Particle Technology of Radio Chemical Method of Analysis
12. Types
Isotope dilutionIsotope dilutionActivation Analysis ManagementManagementTracer method
There are three types of radiochemical methods...There are three types of radiochemical methods...
It is a most sensitive and specific technique for determination of trace quantities
of wide range of elements
The activity is induced in one or more elements of the sample by irradiation with
suitable radiation or particles. Most commonly thermal neutrons from a nuclear
reactor source is used.
12Fine Particle Technology of Radio Chemical Method of Analysis
13. Types
Isotope dilutionIsotope dilutionActivation Analysis ManagementManagementTracer method
There are three types of radiochemical methods...There are three types of radiochemical methods...
Radioactivity is introduced into the sample by adding a measured amount of a
radioactive species.
13Fine Particle Technology of Radio Chemical Method of Analysis
14. Types
Isotope dilutionIsotope dilutionActivation Analysis ManagementManagementTracer method
There are three types of radiochemical methods...There are three types of radiochemical methods...
This method is the most important class of radiochemical quantitative method.
In this method, a weighed quantity of radioactively tagged analyte having a
known activity is added to a measured amount of sample. The mixture is then
mixed to homogeneity and then a fraction of the compound of interest is isolated
and purified. The analysis is based upon the activity of the isolated fraction.
14Fine Particle Technology of Radio Chemical Method of Analysis
15. IsotopesIsotopes
All isotopes of an element have the same atomic number, and their
chemical behavior is very similar.
For example, tritium can substitute for hydrogen.
Fine Particle Technology of Radio Chemical Method of Analysis
16. Radioactive Isotopes…Radioactive Isotopes…
Radioactive isotopes have unstable nuclei that spontaneously change to
form more stable nuclei
As a result, either new isotopes or new elements are produced isotopes
have unstable nuclei that spontaneously change to form more stable nuclei
16Fine Particle Technology of Radio Chemical Method of Analysis
18. Radioactive Decay…Radioactive Decay…
18Fine Particle Technology of Radio Chemical Method of Analysis
Alpha (α) decay is a common radioactive
process encountered with heavier isotopes.
The alpha particle is a helium nucleus
having a mass of 4 and a charge of +2.
19. 19Fine Particle Technology of Radio Chemical Method of Analysis
Beta (β) decay is a radioactive process in
which, the atomic number changes but
the mass number stays the same.
The high-energy electrons have greater
range of penetration than alpha particles,
but still much less than gamma rays.
Radioactive Decay…Radioactive Decay…
20. 20Fine Particle Technology of Radio Chemical Method of Analysis
Radioactive Decay…Radioactive Decay…
Gamma (γ) rays are produced by nuclear
relaxations. Gamma rays are more dangerous than
radio waves
21. 21Fine Particle Technology of Radio Chemical Method of Analysis
X-Ray emission are formed from
electronic transitions in which outer
electrons fill the vacancies created by the
nuclear process.
Radioactive Decay…Radioactive Decay…
22. Rutherford’s Experiment: the Effect of an
Electric Field on α-, β-, and γ-radiation
Rutherford’s Experiment: the Effect of an
Electric Field on α-, β-, and γ-radiation
22Fine Particle Technology of Radio Chemical Method of Analysis
23. Radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) has been used for the
determination of eight rare earth elements (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, and
Lu).
RNAA was proven to be a reliable technique for ultra-trace analysis,
especially in the certification of some ultra-trace elements.
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Neutron Activation AnalysisNeutron Activation Analysis
24. Neutron Activation AnalysisNeutron Activation Analysis
24
Diagram illustrating the process of neutron capture by a target nucleus
followed by the release of gamma rays.
26. Uses of Radiochemical Method…Uses of Radiochemical Method…
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26
1. preservation of food grains and seeds
2. some of the isotopes are used in the treatment of cancer.
3. some of the isotopes are used to study the proper functioning of internal
organs.
4. Gamma radiations are used to sterilize the surgical instruments.
5. radio phosphorous is used for studying the rate of phosphorous assimilation
by the plant.
The Radiochemical methods are used to chemically assay a NON-RADIOACTIVE sample.
It is used both for qualitative & quantitative measurements
27. Uses of Radiochemical Method…Uses of Radiochemical Method…
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6.it is used for finding out the faults in metal structures.
7.it is used for preparing synthetic elements (artificial transmutation)
8. isotopes are used in elucidation of reaction mechanism by using isotopic
effects.
9.in breeder reactors radiations are used to prepare the fuel / fissile
material.
10.trace concentrations of metals can be estimated by isotopic dilution
analysis or neutron activation analysis.
28. Bone imaging is an extremely important use of radioactive properties.
This technique is also good for arthritic patients, bone abnormalities and
various other diagnostics.
Medical Uses
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Particles pass through a laser beam and the light scattered by them is collected over a range of angles in the forward direction.
The angles of diffraction are, in the simplest case inversely related to the particle size.
The particles pass through an expanded and collimated laser beam
in front of a lens in whose focal plane is positioned a photosensitive
detector consisting of a series of concentric rings.
• Distribution of scattered intensity is analysed by computer to yield
the particle size distribution.
Furthermore, detection limits tend to be high for long-lived isotopes using radiochemical methods .
Furthermore, detection limits tend to be high for long-lived isotopes using radiochemical methods .
http://www.missouri.edu/~glascock/nna_over.htm
. The doctor decides to check to see if either tibia has a stress fracture. The runner is given an injection containing 99Tcm. This radioisotope is a gamma ray producer with a half-life of 6 hours.