Neutron activation analysis is a nuclear analytical technique used to detect minor and trace elements in samples. It works by bombarding samples with neutrons, inducing radioactivity in the sample's elements. The radioactive emissions are then measured to identify and quantify the elemental composition of the sample. Some key applications of neutron activation analysis include forensic analysis, environmental studies, and quality control. It has advantages over other techniques in that the elemental analysis is unaffected by the sample's chemical or physical form.

1. Neutron activation
analysis
FORENSIC BALLISTIC
SUBMITTED TO =KETAN SIR
SUBMITTED BY =AKSHITA DUBEY
SVVV, Indore (M.P.)

2. INTRODUCTION
• Activation analysis has a few decades becomes one of the important methods of determination for minor traces and ultra
traces element in solid sample
• The main advantages of activation analysis are its accuracy and sensitivity more over it is an independent methods
• IT is not subject to the same systematic methods as other more commonly used analytical methods
• Semiconductor
• Medicine
• Biology
• Environmental studies
• Criminology
• Quality control
• Geochemistry

3. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) called sensitive analysis technique used for measurement analysis of minor and
major trace element in sample
Neutron activation analysis of first sensitivity that for superior to attend the other methods on that methods used as
Part per million (PPM)

4. APPLICATION OF NAA
• NAA is so wide separated is 1lakh sample undergo each year
• NAA is significantly from other spectroscopy analysis method technique in that is
based nuclear transmission in head of electronic transmission
• Thus they recognized the potential of apply nuclear exposed on sample
measurement and measurement of induced radioactive to form measurement
technique on the elements present in the sample
• NAA is a nuclear process is used to detected the presence of determination of the
conc. With great sensitive of the most chemical element without distractive or
destroy the same sample to be analysis it allow discreated sample of element as it
don’t consist the chemical forms of sample but focus completes on its nuclear

5. Such identification released on the fact that all those conc. of the measurement
content of similar specific specimen on 2 pieces of glass near may be the same
trace elements impurities show acute variety from one source to another

6. PRINCIPAL OF NAA
• SUCH particles like neutron ,proton ,alpha particles here
the proton like y rays from accelerated particles induced
atom on the target atom then the product is detected n by
photon of particles emission or if radioactive then buy its
decay proper
The y rays or the particles radioactive mission radioactive
decay parts for each element are know allow to study the
spectra specimen of their element radioactive samples and to
determine the conc. Of with in it

7. ADVANTAGES OF NAA
• Major advantages is instrumental NAA
• Since nuclear reaction and decay product process
are virtually unaffected by the chemical and physical
structure of the material during and after e-
radiations the matrix composition has almost
negligible effect on the induced activity biological
materials have low neutron absorption cross section
unless conc. Of elements such as Cd ,Bo are present
thus neutron rays in such samples during electron
radiation very small and can be connected the y rays
during small amount connected radiations on
biological sample analysis is also small except at
energy level below 100 kb and in low energy y rays
on large sample volume
• The absence of its composition effect thus allow
using standard sample have different comp and even
have physical state that of the sample

8. After adding non radioactive carries to radioactive samples irradiation can be
done in RNAA technique elements blank contribution and chemical related
determination or the separation process that is too evaluated less or in
decomposition separation

9. IN industrial as in forensic science of NAA major the total amount of
element even in external low conc. ppm or trillion without regarding to
chemical or the physical form of sample analysis can liquid ,solid and don’t
have to be the solution form as an other technique like AAS,ICP, every
element is neput in utron activated at some condition are always required

10. FORENSIC SIGNIFICANCE OF NAA
• NAA used apply in many fields , now we shall mainly conc. Neutron NAA
on forensic point of view
• 1) EVALVTING THE EVIDENCE- Resulting to the subject of NAA is
material is pound to contain more than elements in the major conc. Within
experiment error
2) REVOLUTION THE RESUIT –To solution illegal issue some time illegal
issues based on directly on the amount of selected element in the material

11. COMPLICATIONS OF IDENTIFICATION
• Criminal offence leave some material the area of a crime such as button ,
hair of his head, or any other parts of the body or some thing which carry
from the crime scene piece of glass for a window broken in case of burgerly

12. REVOLATION OF GUN SHOT
RESIDUCE
• NAA technique is used for relating of a gunshot residue this indication thing
picked up from the crime scene are used as material prove investigation
sample of metallic powder residue can released after several shots by
different kinds of weapons local and foreign emission

13. Reference
http://epgp.inflibnet.ac.i
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