Neutron activation analysis is a nuclear analytical technique where samples are bombarded with neutrons, inducing radioactivity. It was discovered in 1936 and allows determination of elemental concentrations. The sample is irradiated, inducing radioisotopes that emit detectable gamma rays. It has high sensitivity and precision, requires small samples, and is nondestructive, but has detection limits and potential interferences from matrix effects.
Introduction to Activation analysis using Neutron
Baisc Principle of NAA
Instrumental NAA
Characteristics of INAA
Advantages, Limitation and Applications of INNA
Neutron Activation analysis is a nuclear process used for determining the concentrations of elements in a vast amount of materials. It is useful for precise identification and quantification
of the elements. There are two types of NAA.
It has a wide ranges of applications in chemistry , geology, archaeology, medicine, environmental monitoring and even in the forensic science.
All about Radiations, Different energy particles- starting from Basics to New methods of analysis also includes DIfferent applications related to it.
Medha Thakur
(M.Sc Chemistry)
Introduction to Activation analysis using Neutron
Baisc Principle of NAA
Instrumental NAA
Characteristics of INAA
Advantages, Limitation and Applications of INNA
Neutron Activation analysis is a nuclear process used for determining the concentrations of elements in a vast amount of materials. It is useful for precise identification and quantification
of the elements. There are two types of NAA.
It has a wide ranges of applications in chemistry , geology, archaeology, medicine, environmental monitoring and even in the forensic science.
All about Radiations, Different energy particles- starting from Basics to New methods of analysis also includes DIfferent applications related to it.
Medha Thakur
(M.Sc Chemistry)
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CHECKOUT THIS NEW WEB BROWSER :
https://www.entireweb.com/?a=618b79ed612f3
These slides briefly introduce the concepts of Radio-chemistry including nuclear stability, half life, nuclear emissions and their detection, and then highlight 02 radio chemical methods namely isotopic dilution methods and radio-chemical titrations.
It contains the basic principle of Mossbauer Spectroscopy.
Recoil energy, Dopler shift.
The instrumentation of Mossbauer Spectroscopy.
Hyperfine interactions.
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Basic principle of Raman scattering- Difference between Rayleigh and Raman Scattering- Major criteria for Raman active in compounds,-Stroke's lines and Anti-stoke lines- Difference and between IR and Raman spectroscopy- Wide applications of Raman spectroscopy.
CHECKOUT THIS NEW WEB BROWSER :
https://www.entireweb.com/?a=618b79ed612f3
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2. Introduction
Activation Analysis: an analytical technique in
which radiation is induced by bombardment.
Neutron Activation Analysis(NAA): The method
which uses neutron for bombardment.
Nuclear process: used for determining the
concentrations of elements in a vast amount of
materials.
3. History
• NAA was discovered in 1936 by George Charles
de Hevesy and Levi.
• They found that samples containing certain rare
elements became highly radioactive after
exposure to source of neutrons.
• This observation led to the use of induced
radioactivity for the identification of elements
4. Principle
• The specimen is placed into a suitable irradiation
facility bombarded with neutrons, this makes
artificial radioisotopes of the element.
• Irradiation of this radioisotopes leads to emission
of gamma rays.
5. Cont.…
• Sample must be selected carefully. About 50mg
is a sufficient sample.
• Sample is then encapsulated in a vial made of
either polyethylene or quartz.
• The sample and a standard are then packed and
irradiated in a suitable reactor at a
constant(neutron flux)
6. Cont..
• Maximum neutron flux for reactor(uranium
fission) is in the order of 10-12 neutron
• Neutron generated are low kinetic energy
(0.5eV). These are thermal neutron
• Upon irradiation these neutrons interact with
target nucleus
7. Cont..
• This collisions forms a compound nucleus
excited, which de-excite into a stable form by
emitting a prompt particle (prompt gamma
photons).
• The newly formed radioactive nucleus decays by
the emission of the delayed gamma photons. This
decay process is slower than the initial process
and depends on the half life of radioactive
nucleus.
8. Cont..
• Once irradiated the sample is left for a specific
decay period then placed into a detector, which
measure the nuclear decay according to the
emitted particles.
10. Applications
• Archaeology: to characterize archaeological
specimens and to relate the artifacts to sources.
• Soil science: stable tracers, such as bromides are
analyzed by NAA.
• Geology: By studying the process involved in the
formation of different rocks, through the analysis
of rare earth elements.
11. Cont..
• Environmental analysis: The use of radiotracers
to study the fate of hazardous elements in the
waste material.
• Semiconductor industry: to measures tracer
used as deposit for semiconductor.
• Epidemiology: the use of radiotracers to test new
pharmaceuticals and dosage forms being
developed for commercial distribution.
12. Advantages
• Small sample sizes
• Can analyze multiple elements samples
• Non-destructive
• No need of chemical treatment
• High sensitivity
• High precision
13. Limitations
• Detection limit
• Bulk matrix
• Interferences can occurs when different
component sample elements produce similar
gamma rays.
14. References
• Hamidatou, L, ( 2013). Concept, instrumentation and
technique of neutron activation analysis. Retrieved May 22,
2017. https://www.intechopen.com/.../concepts-
instrumentation-and-techniques-of-neutron-a...
• Sahiner, H,( 2015). Neutron activation analysis. Retrieved Oct
23, 2016. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5
