Neutron Activation analysis is a nuclear process used for determining the concentrations of elements in a vast amount of materials. It is useful for precise identification and quantification of the elements. There are two types of NAA. It has a wide ranges of applications in chemistry , geology, archaeology, medicine, environmental monitoring and even in the forensic science.

1. BY
HEMA B

2. - Nuclear process - used for determining the
concentrations of elements in a vast amount of
materials.
- For precise identification and quantification
of the elements.
- Has applications in chemistry , geology,
archaeology, medicine, environmental
monitoring and even in the forensic science.

4.  A nuclear research
reactor
 Isotopic neutron
sources (e.g.
Californium)
 Particle accelerator or
neutron generator- D-T
fusion in a gas
discharge tube

5.  INAA – Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis
 RNAA – Radiochemical Neutron Activation
Analysis
 If NAA is conducted directly on irradiated
samples it is termed Instrumental Neutron
Activation Analysis (INAA). In some cases
irradiated samples are subjected to chemical
separation to remove interfering species or to
concentrate the radioisotope of interest, this
technique is known as Radiochemical Neutron
Activation Analysis (RNAA).

6. Step 1: Sample preparation
Step 2: Irradiation of samples can be taken from the
various types of neutron sources according to
need and availability
Step 3: After the irradiation the measurement is
performed after a suitable cooling time (tc).
Step 4: Measurement, evaluation and calculation
involve taking the gamma spectra and the
calculating trace element concentrations of the
sample and preparation of the NAA report.

7. Archaeology:
To characterize archaeological specimens
(e.g., pottery, obsidian, basalt and limestone)
and to relate the artifacts to sources through
their chemical signatures is a well-established
application of the method.

8. Soil science:
Stable activatable tracers, such as bromide are
analyzed by NAATo quantify the distribution
of agricultural chemicals under a wide variety
of environmental and land use influences

9.  Geology :
To know the processes involved in the
formation of different rocks , through the
analysis of the rare earth elements and
other trace elements, we should analyse
the rock specimens.

10. Environmental Analysis:
1. Study of Uranium and Thorium Redistribution
due to Ore Processing.
2. Selenium Distribution in Aquatic Species in
Selenium Contaminated & Fresh water
Impoundments.
3. The Use of Radiotracers to Study the Fate of
Hazardous Elements in Waste Material/Coal-
Char Admixtures under Gasification

11.  Semiconductor Industry:
To measure trace- and ultra trace-element
concentrations of impurities and/or dopants in
semiconductors and other high-purity
materials.
Small quantities of impurities present at
concentrations  have a significant effect on
the quality of semiconductor devices.

12.  The use of in-situ radiotracers to test new
pharmaceuticals and dosage forms being
developed for commercial distribution.
 These methodologies offer significant
advantages in the evaluation of encapsulations,
time release, clearance and the distribution of
the pharmaceutical in animal and human
models.

13.  Nutritional and Biochemical/Genetic Markers
of Cancer
 Thyroid cancer study
 Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Study
 Molecular Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer
 Knock-out Gene Mouse Model for Cystic
Fibrosis
 Calcium Metabolism Study

16.  Small sample sizes (.1mL or .001gm)
 Non-destructive
 Can analyze multiple element samples
 Doesn’t need chemical treatment
 High sensitivity, high precision

17.  The detection limit
 bulk matrix
 Interferences can still occur when different
component sample elements produce similar
gamma rays.

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