devices of radioisotopies , application in medical , agriculture, industry.

1. FORMATION and APPLICATIONS

2.  Radioisotopes are radioactive isotopes of an
element. They can also be defined as atoms
that contain an unstable combination of
neutrons and protons, or excess energy in
their nucleus.

3.  Naturally
 All 0.7% of
naturally-occurring
uranium is
uranium-238
 Artificially

4. HYDROGEN-3
HALF LIFE- 12.32 YEARS
AMERICIUM-241
HALF LIFE- 432.5 YEARS

5. HALF LIFE-5.27 YEARS
GOLD-198
HALF LIFE-2.70 DAYS

6.  Atoms with an unstable nucleus regain
stability by shedding excess particles and
energy in the form of radiation. The process
of shedding the radiation is called radioactive
decay.

8.  β-Rays are fast moving electrons.
 Their speed ranges from 1% to 99% of speed
of light.
 They are more penetrating than α-particles.
32
15P →
32
16S1+
+ e−

9.  1. Cyclotron ( circular accelator).
 Cyclotrons are best-suited to producing
proton-rich radioisotopes, such as fluorine-
18.

13. POPULATION OF INDIA (2019)- 1,369 millions in 2018,

15. Untreated seed with micro-
organisms on seed skin.
Untreated seed with micro-
organisms
on seed skin.

16. Electron accelerator targeted on flow of
seeds.

17. - To destroy the harmful micro-organisms completely.

19.  Primary brain tumors occur in around
250,000 PEOPLE A YEAR globally.
 Due to increase in exposure to high doses of
IONIZING RADIATION and a family history of
brain cancer.
TUMOR

20. CANCER CELLS

21.  IMRT ( INTENSITY MODULATED RADIATION
THERAPY ).
 RADIATION can be used to KILL CANCER.
 Machine used – LINAC.

22. 1. 2.

23. COLLIMATOR

25.  The process in which a GEMSTONE is
ARTIFICIALLY irradiated in order to enhance
its OPTICAL PROPERTITIES.
 That is, to CHANGE THE COLOR OF
GEMSTONES.

26.  Colour centre is DEFECT in Crystal structure.
 These are introduced by extreme heat
exiciting OR by bombardment with
natural/man-made radiation.
 Color centres absorb radiation/light of
specific wavelengths and displays color
complementary to it.

27. γ-RAYS

28. ENERGY ABSORBED

30.  MOBILE MACHINE-FOR ELECTRON SEED
TREATMENT.

31.  NAARRI ( Navi Mumbai):
◦ https://www.naarri.com/images/day%2002/IT23%20F
%20H%20Roegner%20-
%20Electron%20Treatment%20of%20Seed-min.pdf
ANSTO ( AUSTRALIA):
https://www.ansto.gov.au/education/nuclear-
facts/what-are-radioisotopes#content-radioisotopes
WIKIPEDIA:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone_irradiation
YOUTUBE:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_moypMx05Fw