This presentation is made by Toran Lal Verma. Meaning, nature, and scope of Financial Management are discussed. scope and objectives of financial management have been discussed along with merits and demerits.
This presentation is made by Toran Lal Verma. Meaning, nature, and scope of Financial Management are discussed. scope and objectives of financial management have been discussed along with merits and demerits.
This presentation is about corporate financial reporting and it covers the following topics under it :
- Meaning
- Objectives
- Purpose
- Advantages
- Meaning of Annual Report
- Content of Annual Report
Financial system and markets:
objectives of financial system-
Concepts of financial system-
Financial concepts-
Development of financial systems in India-
Weakness of Indian financial system
This presentation is about corporate financial reporting and it covers the following topics under it :
- Meaning
- Objectives
- Purpose
- Advantages
- Meaning of Annual Report
- Content of Annual Report
Financial system and markets:
objectives of financial system-
Concepts of financial system-
Financial concepts-
Development of financial systems in India-
Weakness of Indian financial system
Introduction to financial planning
Meaning of financial planning
Definition of financial planning
Meaning of Financial Plan
Objectives of financial planning
Essentials/Characteristics of a sound financial plan
Considerations in formulating financial plan
Steps in financial planning
Limitations of financial planning
Financial Management — objectives — profit maximization, wealth maximization — finance function — role of finance manager — strategic financial management — economic value added — time value of money.
1. Working capital is the capital that a company uses for its day to.pdfanjaliselectionahd
1. Working capital is the capital that a company uses for its day to day operations. Working
capital is computed using the formula: Working capital = current assets – current liabilities.
2. Determinants of working capital requirements are – nature of business, seasonality of
operations, production policy, market conditions and conditions of supply. A service company
will have a lower working capital requirement than a manufacturing company. Firms with
seasonality in operations will have higher fluctuations with regards to their working capital
requirements. Market conditions in the form of degree of competition will affect working capital
requirements. Higher competitive pressure will increase working capital requirements.
3. Three major decisions that managers have to take while performing the finance function are:
(i) Investment decision – Managers have to select those assets that the business will invest in. It
is also known as capital budgeting decisions.
(ii) Financing decision – These decisions pertain to determining how the total funds that are
required for the business will be obtained – will it be through debt or equity or a mix of debt or
equity.
(iii) Dividend decision – This pertains to determining what quantum of earnings should be
distributed to shareholders as dividends and what quantum should be retained for meeting future
growth requirements of the company.
4. Financial management involves planning, directing, monitoring and controlling the monetary
resources of a company in such a manner that the goals and objectives of the company are
achieved in an efficient manner. It involves management of capital budgeting, capital structure,
working capital management, etc. Financial management is important as it helps an organization
to set clarity towards its financial goals and helps in efficient utilization of resources.
5. Cash flow is not a suitable judge of profitability as it merely shows the changes in cash
position of a firm in a financial year from its operating activities, from its financing activities and
from its investing activities. Cash flow statement does not help us to determine gross profit
margins, operating profit margins and net profit margins. We can just gauge the reason for
changes in cash position in a year.
6. Financial risk refers to all kinds of risk associated with a financial transaction and an
investment transaction. It can be in the form of credit risk, asset backed risk, investment risk etc.
These risks arise due to the fact that there is a probability of loss that is inherent in any financing
and investment method and this probability of loss cannot be avoided.
Solution
1. Working capital is the capital that a company uses for its day to day operations. Working
capital is computed using the formula: Working capital = current assets – current liabilities.
2. Determinants of working capital requirements are – nature of business, seasonality of
operations, production policy, market conditions and condi.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
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US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
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2. • Planning is pre-determined course of action to achieve or
demanding or incorporating desired objectives.
• Planning is a mutual process requiring the use of intellectual
facilities, foresight and sound judgment.
Planning
3. • Financial planning means deciding well in advance how much fund
is required for a particular business. Afterwards deciding from
which source the funds are to be collected and profitable
utilization of such funds.
• Financial Planning is the task of deciding in advance how much
capital is required and the pattern of financing
Meaning Of Financial Planning
4. • “Financial planning pertains only to the function of financial and
includes the determination of the firms financial objectives
formulating and promulgating financial policies and developing
financial procedures” –By Walkar and Boughn
Definition of Financial Planning
5. 1. Adequate funds
2. Minimize the cost economy
3. Matches of costs and risks
4. Flexibility
5. Simplicity
6. Long term period
7. Optimum use
Objectives of Financial Planning
6. 1. Adequate Funds:
Financial plan should assure the availability of sufficient
funds in order to achieve the goals of the enterprise.
2. Minimise the cost economy:
The cost of collecting funds should be minimum it should
not be a burden.
3. Matching of costs and risks:
It involved in raising the funds in order to protect the
interest of the owner.
4. Flexibility:
Financial plan should be flexible so that the financial
structure may be adjusted as per the changing condition.
7. 5. Simplicity:
The financial plan should be simple . There by it can
understood easily.
5. Long term period:
The needs for funds in the near future and over a longer
period should be considered while selecting the pattern of
financing.
7. Optimum use:
Financial Plans should be prepared in such a manner that
funds should not be insufficient or used lavishly
8. 1. Simplicity
2. Foresight
3. Flexibility
4. Liquidity
5. Provision for contingencies
6. Economy
7. Intensive use of capital
8. Period
9. Solvency
Characteristics of Financial Plan
9. 1. Simplicity:
Simplicity of financial plan helps the management in
procuring the necessary capital.
2. Foresight:
While preparing the financial plan, the planners should
take into consideration the present and future requirements of funds
to the organization. In order to arrive at a sound financial plan, the
promoters use foresight in predicting the short-term & long term
financial need of company.
3. Flexibility:
The flexibility in the financial plan helps the company to
introduce necessary change to it, according to the changing business
situation.
10. 4. Liquidity:
For smooth running of an organization a reconsonable
percentage of current assets should be kept in the form of required
cash. While preparing company’s financial plan, it is necessary to pay
proper attention to the liquidity requirements of a firm.
5. Provision for contingencies:
A good financial plan has to provide adequate amount or
provision for future contingencies (changes)
6. Economical:
The cost of sources of capital collected should be
minimum or economical. The cost of capital raised should not be a
burden on the company.
11. 7. Intensive use of capital (optimum use ):
Effective utilization of capital is an important principle of
financial plan. They have to maintain equilibrium of balance in
working and fixed capital.
7. Period of finance:
Usually long term should be raised by the issue of equity
shares.
9. Solvency:
solvency requires that short-term & long-term payments
should be made on dates when they are due. This will increase the
goodwill of enterprise. Solvency will be possible when liquidity of
assets is maintained.
12. 1. Nature of the industry
2. Goodwill of the enterprise
3. Future plans
4. Availability of source
5. General economic conditions
6. Government control
Factors Affecting Financial Plan
13. 1. Nature of industry:
The various industries require the funds foe different
purpose. While preparing financial plan, variable factors affect the
size & structure of financial requirements. Hence FP is directly
related to nature of industry.
2. Goodwill of the enterprise:
Large sized & old industries with established goodwill do
not face difficulty in raising the required amount of capital. But
newly established industries face a lot of difficulties in raising the
required amount of capital.
3. Future plans:
While preparing financial plans, plans for expansion &
diversification in future are to be taken into consideration. Expansion
in future is require flexible financial plan. The sources of fund will be
provided without difficulty.
14. 4. Availability of sources:
While preparing FP, another affecting factor is
availability of sources of funds, because different sources of funds are
available.
5. General economic conditions:
The existing economic condition at the national level
will also affect while preparing financial plan.
6. Government control:
Government policies relating to the issue of shares,
debentures, distribution of dividend, rate of interest and industrial
policy of government are important factors to be taken into
consideration while formulating the financial plan.
15. 1. Establishing Financial Objectives
i. Long term objectives.
ii. Short term objectives.
2. Formulating financial policies
3. Formulating financial procedures
4. Providing flexibility
Steps in Financial Plan
16. 1. Difficulty in forecasting
2. Difficulty in change
3. Lack of co-ordination
4. Changes in economic conditions and government policies
Limitations of financial Plan
17. 1. Better promotion
2. Better direction
3. Better conservation of capital
4. More liquidity
5. Better expansion and development
6. Better unit co-ordination
Importance of Financial Plan