Financial scam
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Financial scams are caused by corruption, lack of employment opportunities, electing dishonest leaders, and lack of oversight to prevent bribery. They negatively impact the Indian economy by potentially putting employees out of work, raising inflation, and causing shareholders to overpay for investments. To minimize scams, people should seek honest professionals, raise awareness, elect ethical leaders, and create independent oversight organizations.
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Punjab National Bank Fraud (Nirav Modi Scam) ppt presentation slideshare
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India's second largest state-owned lender Punjab National Bank disclosed on Feb. 14, 2018 that it was the victim of the country’s largest bank fraud.
PNB revealed that fraudulent transactions by billionaire jeweler Nirav Modi and related entities amounted to $1.77 billion or over Rs 11,400 crore.
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Fraud in the banking sector is a major concern. The document discusses the types, causes, and extent of fraud based on RBI data. It notes that technology-related frauds make up 65% of cases reported by banks. KYC-related and advances-related fraud are also issues. Nationalized banks account for the largest share (83%) of the total fraud amount. Common fraud types include account opening, cheque, loan, and money laundering. The RBI has issued guidelines to banks on preventing fraud and reporting fraud cases over certain amounts.
Frauds & Scams in Banks
This document discusses frauds and scams in banks. It begins by defining fraud as deceit or trickery for financial gain. It then discusses bank fraud, which means obtaining money from a bank through dishonest means. There are two main factors that contribute to increasing bank frauds: the complexity of bank transactions and failures to follow procedures. Bank frauds are classified into three categories and statistics on bank frauds in India are provided from various sources. The document outlines how frauds are conducted by insiders and outsiders of banks and guidelines from the RBI to strengthen internal controls and increase audits. It concludes that bank frauds are intended to illegally profit from banks and that fraud numbers continue rising each year.
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The document summarizes the PMC Bank fraud scandal in India. It provides background on PMC Bank, describing it as a multi-state co-operative bank that grew to 137 branches over 35 years, serving small businesses and housing societies. It then explains that loans to the financially distressed real estate company HDIL were not reported as non-performing assets, despite signs of trouble, and that HDIL loans accounted for over 73% of PMC's total advances. The scandal came to light in 2019 and led to restrictions on deposits, criminal investigations, arrests and hardship for depositors.
Scam in india
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Major scam in india ppt
Major scams in India include smoking and drinking which can harm health and wealth. A5ARKEY CREATIVE WORKS and VASISTA ARTS were thanked for their work.
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The document summarizes the Harshad Mehta stock market scam that occurred in India in 1992. It describes how Harshad Mehta, a stockbroker, exploited loopholes in the banking system to siphon off funds and use them to artificially inflate stock prices. When the scheme was exposed, it collapsed the stock market and caused major losses. The scam exposed weaknesses in market regulation and internal bank controls. It led to reforms by the securities regulator SEBI, including imposing additional margins.
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The document summarizes the PMC Bank fraud scandal in India. It provides background on PMC Bank, describing it as a multi-state co-operative bank that grew to 137 branches over 35 years, serving small businesses and housing societies. It then explains that loans to the financially distressed real estate company HDIL were not reported as non-performing assets, despite signs of trouble, and that HDIL loans accounted for over 73% of PMC's total advances. The scandal came to light in 2019 and led to restrictions on deposits, criminal investigations, arrests and hardship for depositors.
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- Satyam was a major Indian IT company founded in 1987 by Ramalinga Raju that grew to have over 40,000 employees and $2.1 billion in revenue.
- In 2009, Ramalinga Raju resigned as chairman after admitting to a long-running accounting fraud where he had inflated profits and cash balances by over $1 billion.
- The fraud involved creating fake bank accounts and diverting funds to family businesses. It came to light after a whistleblower's email and led to the arrest of Raju and others.
- After the fraud was discovered, Satyam was acquired by Tech Mahindra and continues operations today after a major restructuring.
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- In December 2008, Satyam proposed acquisitions that raised debt levels and questions about governance.
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India has witnessed rampant corruption and national plunder, with an estimated $1.456 trillion stashed away in safe havens abroad. Several major scams have robbed India of billions of dollars, including the 2G spectrum scam of $40 billion and Commonwealth Games fraud of $13 billion. If the estimated $1.4 trillion stolen was recovered, it could be used to eliminate poverty, build infrastructure nationwide, and fund social programs to benefit millions of Indians. However, corruption has become entrenched in the political system, undermining democracy and rule of law.
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The Satyam scam was one of India's biggest corporate frauds, where the founder of Satyam Computers, Ramalinga Raju, confessed in 2009 that the company's accounts had been falsified. Raju and others had inflated revenues and profits through fake invoices and bank statements, deceiving investors and auditors. A whistleblower's email exposed the fraud of over $1 billion in inflated cash reserves. Raju and others were found guilty of fraud and sentenced to prison. The scam had major consequences, devastating Satyam and impacting India's economy, IT sector, and corporate governance standards.
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The document discusses various corporate scams in India including Satyam scam. It lists group members and types of scams like internet, banking, telecom, and corporate scams. It then summarizes major corporate scams after SEBI's existence totaling Rs. 50,414 Crore and provides details of Satyam scam. Satyam's founder Ramalinga Raju misled investors by falsifying records and diverting funds to family businesses, impacting stakeholders, employees and the stock market. Stronger auditing, SEBI monitoring and compliance reviews could help prevent future scams.
Harshad Mehta Capital Market Scam
The scam can be categorized as capital market scam
in which it is done by manipulating the facts in order to attain enormous funds.
There are four different aspects of the scam.
Diversion of funds
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Satyam scam - corporate governance
Satyam Computers was founded in 1987 and converted to a public company in 1992. It offered IT services across sectors and was India's 4th largest software company. However, in 2009, its chairman B. Ramalinga Raju resigned after admitting to a corporate accounting fraud. He had inflated cash and bank balances, understated liabilities, and overstated debtors to mislead investors and acquire his family's companies. This led to investigations for breach of trust, cheating, and falsification of records. Reforms are needed in auditing practices, corporate governance laws, and oversight by independent directors to prevent such frauds in the future.
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Ratio analysis
1. Ratio analysis involves calculating and analyzing relationships between financial data to assess a company's performance and financial position.
2. Key financial ratios include current ratio, quick ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, gross profit ratio, return on capital employed, and dividend payout ratio.
3. Ratio analysis is used by various stakeholders like investors, managers, and creditors to evaluate aspects like profitability, liquidity, operational efficiency, and financial leverage.
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Ethics PNB SCAM
Punjab National Bank was defrauded of $1.77 billion in a scam perpetrated by Nirav Modi, a diamond trader, and his associates. Modi fraudulently obtained letters of undertaking from PNB to secure loans from other banks without providing collateral. The fraud was detected in January 2018 when PNB officials noticed fraudulent transactions were not recorded properly. The scam has significantly impacted PNB and other public sector banks through loss of funds and declining share prices. Investigations into the fraud are ongoing along with efforts to recover funds from Modi's seized assets.
Satyam scam
- Satyam was a major Indian IT company founded in 1987 by Ramalinga Raju that grew to have over 40,000 employees and $2.1 billion in revenue.
- In 2009, Ramalinga Raju resigned as chairman after admitting to a long-running accounting fraud where he had inflated profits and cash balances by over $1 billion.
- The fraud involved creating fake bank accounts and diverting funds to family businesses. It came to light after a whistleblower's email and led to the arrest of Raju and others.
- After the fraud was discovered, Satyam was acquired by Tech Mahindra and continues operations today after a major restructuring.
Satyam Scam
Ramalinga Raju, the former chairman of Satyam Computers, confessed in 2009 to manipulating the company's accounting for years and overstating assets by $1.47 billion. He had created fake bank accounts and salary accounts to inflate Satyam's financial reports. The fraud went undetected by PwC, who had audited Satyam for 9 years. The scandal severely damaged investor trust, India's IT sector, and the country's reputation. It highlighted the need for stronger corporate governance and internal controls to prevent such accounting frauds. Tech Mahindra later acquired Satyam to restore stability.
Satyam Case Study
This document provides an overview of the Satyam scandal case study. It introduces Satyam Computers, which was founded in 1987 and became a public company in 1991. In January 2009, Satyam's chairman Ramalinga Raju resigned and confessed to inflating profits and fudging accounts by over $1 billion. An investigation found that Raju and his brother were the main culprits behind the accounting fraud. After the scandal, the government appointed a new board and Mahindra & Mahindra's Tech Mahindra acquired Satyam. Tech Mahindra later merged with Satyam and aims to double its revenues by 2015 by focusing on key industries.
Sahara scam
The document summarizes the Sahara India scam case involving two Sahara group companies, Sahara India Real Estate Corporation (SIRECL) and Sahara Housing Investment Corporation (SHICL). The companies raised around Rs. 24,000 crores from over 2 crore investors through optionally fully convertible debentures (OFCDs) without SEBI permission. After an investigation, SEBI found several violations and ordered Sahara to return the money to investors. However, Sahara challenged SEBI's orders in courts for years before the Supreme Court finally ruled in favor of SEBI in 2012 and ordered Sahara to repay investors.
Satyam Scam
The document discusses the Satyam scam that was exposed in 2009 when the chairman admitted to falsifying financial statements.
Some key events:
- In December 2008, Satyam proposed acquisitions that raised debt levels and questions about governance.
- An anonymous email was sent to the board about financial irregularities.
- In January 2009, the chairman resigned and admitted falsifying $1.5 billion in cash reserves.
The scam highlighted failures in corporate governance, auditing, and the role of independent directors. Lessons included the need for stronger oversight of management, more robust auditing practices, and protections for whistleblowers. Regulatory reforms after other corporate scandals also did not prevent this large
Vijay Mallya Scam
A study on Vijay Mallya Scam Case: Vijay Vittal Mallya, once known to you and me as ‘The King of Good Times’ or also dubbed ‘ The playboy of the East’ was born to the Indian Entrepreneur Vittal Mallya in 1955. Vittal Mallya was largely known for the role played as the director of United Breweries (UB) Group which he achieved at the age of 23. Following his father’s sudden demise Vijay Mallya became chairman of the UB Group.Vijay Mallya was always known for his flamboyant and posh lifestyle. A testament to these were the lavish New Year Parties at his Kingfisher Villa in Goa or the birthday bashes thrown on his luxurious Yacht ‘ The Indian Empress’.
Satyam Scam & Corporate Governance
The document summarizes the Satyam scam case involving corporate governance failures at Satyam Computer Services. Ramalinga Raju, the chairman of Satyam, allegedly siphoned off funds from Satyam into other companies he owned and inflated revenue and profits. This led to a loss of confidence in Satyam and impacted its employees, clients, and business partners. The case showed the importance of strong corporate governance and auditing to prevent such scams. Tech Mahindra later acquired Satyam to turn it around.
Types of Fraud.pptx
The document provides an overview of various types of fraud including definitions, examples, and key details. It discusses basics of fraud such as the necessary elements and intentional misrepresentation. Different fraud schemes are explained such as identity theft, phishing, vishing, lottery frauds, and money laundering. Cybercrimes involving social media like cyberbullying, cyber grooming, and online extortion are summarized. The roles of key players in corruption like politicians, government officials, and businesses are mentioned. Details on organizations working to combat fraud like the ACFE and Transparency International are also provided.
Satyam Scam
Satyam Computer Services was an Indian IT company founded in 1987 that grew to have over 50,000 employees worldwide before a major accounting scandal in 2009. In January 2009, the founder confessed to inflating cash and revenue figures by over $1 billion USD. This led to a major drop in the company's stock price and impacted shareholder wealth, employee jobs, and the Indian economy. Key individuals involved in the fraud included the founder Ramalinga Raju and other executives. After the scandal, Tech Mahindra acquired Satyam and merged it to create a larger IT company.
Corruption in-india-presentation - slides v2
India has witnessed rampant corruption and national plunder, with an estimated $1.456 trillion stashed away in safe havens abroad. Several major scams have robbed India of billions of dollars, including the 2G spectrum scam of $40 billion and Commonwealth Games fraud of $13 billion. If the estimated $1.4 trillion stolen was recovered, it could be used to eliminate poverty, build infrastructure nationwide, and fund social programs to benefit millions of Indians. However, corruption has become entrenched in the political system, undermining democracy and rule of law.
Frauds in banking
Fraud in banking can take several forms and be perpetrated by both insiders and outsiders. The document defines bank fraud and discusses the Reserve Bank of India's role in monitoring fraud cases in the banking sector. It also outlines some common types of fraud committed by insiders, such as deposit account frauds, purchased bill frauds, and loan frauds. Fraud by outsiders is also discussed, including bill discounting fraud, forgery of altered checks, and accounting fraud. The causes of banking fraud are described as well as the banker's responsibility to protect against deception and loss.
All about Satyam scandal By manpreet singh digital
The Presentation contains all the aspects you want to know about the biggest corporate scam in india b Manpreet singh digital
Satyam scam
The Satyam scam was one of India's biggest corporate frauds, where the founder of Satyam Computers, Ramalinga Raju, confessed in 2009 that the company's accounts had been falsified. Raju and others had inflated revenues and profits through fake invoices and bank statements, deceiving investors and auditors. A whistleblower's email exposed the fraud of over $1 billion in inflated cash reserves. Raju and others were found guilty of fraud and sentenced to prison. The scam had major consequences, devastating Satyam and impacting India's economy, IT sector, and corporate governance standards.
Corporate governance and scam in India
The document discusses various corporate scams in India including Satyam scam. It lists group members and types of scams like internet, banking, telecom, and corporate scams. It then summarizes major corporate scams after SEBI's existence totaling Rs. 50,414 Crore and provides details of Satyam scam. Satyam's founder Ramalinga Raju misled investors by falsifying records and diverting funds to family businesses, impacting stakeholders, employees and the stock market. Stronger auditing, SEBI monitoring and compliance reviews could help prevent future scams.
Harshad Mehta Capital Market Scam
The scam can be categorized as capital market scam
in which it is done by manipulating the facts in order to attain enormous funds.
There are four different aspects of the scam.
Diversion of funds
Intra day trading
Use of ready forward to maintain SLR
Fake bank recipts
Corporate governance failure at satyam
The Satyam case involved a $1.4 billion corporate governance fraud at Satyam, India's fourth largest IT company. The founder, Ramalinga Raju, admitted to falsifying Satyam's accounts for several years. Weak corporate governance allowed the fraud to occur, as the board and auditors failed to prevent it. The fraud had major implications, including difficulty retaining clients, damage to India's reputation, and calls for stronger corporate governance laws in India. The case demonstrates issues with agency theory and transaction cost theory, showing how failures in the relationship between agents and principals can harm an organization.
Satyam scam - corporate governance
Satyam Computers was founded in 1987 and converted to a public company in 1992. It offered IT services across sectors and was India's 4th largest software company. However, in 2009, its chairman B. Ramalinga Raju resigned after admitting to a corporate accounting fraud. He had inflated cash and bank balances, understated liabilities, and overstated debtors to mislead investors and acquire his family's companies. This led to investigations for breach of trust, cheating, and falsification of records. Reforms are needed in auditing practices, corporate governance laws, and oversight by independent directors to prevent such frauds in the future.
Fraud Cases in Auditing
CPAs responsibilities to detect fraud in audits, required approaches, types of financial statement frauds and specific case examples of different types of financial statement fraud
Presentation on KETAN PAREKH Scam
Ketan Parekh was a stock broker from Mumbai who manipulated the Indian stock market in late 1999-2001, in what became known as the Ketan Parekh scam. He formed a network of brokers to target and artificially inflate the prices of 10 stocks by as much as 10 times their original values. Parekh used a simple borrowing mechanism known as the badla system to fund his stock purchases, pledging the inflated stock prices as collateral to obtain more funds. However, when the stock market crashed in 2000, Parekh was unable to maintain the prices and his scheme collapsed, leading to his arrest in 2001 and conviction in 2008 for market manipulation. The scam had major implications, including a 700 point fall in the
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All about Satyam scandal By manpreet singh digital
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This document provides an overview of key marketing concepts including needs, wants, demand, products, exchanges, transactions, markets and marketing strategies. It discusses understanding customer needs and wants, designing a customer-driven strategy, implementing tactics through the marketing mix, and building profitable customer relationships. The goal of marketing is to create superior customer value in order to increase loyalty, market share and profits through heavy users and loyal customers while limiting costs from less profitable customers.
Performance arrraisal
A performance appraisal involves evaluating an employee's job performance in areas like quality, quantity, cost and time against established standards. It aims to provide feedback, identify training needs, document criteria for rewards, and facilitate communication between employees and administration to improve performance. Key aspects include setting standards, measuring performance, comparing actual performance to standards, discussing the appraisal, and taking corrective actions.
New issue market
The document discusses various aspects of the new issue market in India including initial public offerings (IPO) where firms issue stock to the public for the first time, and seasoned equity offerings (SEO) where already public firms issue additional stock. It covers the key functions of origination, underwriting, and distribution in new stock issues. It also discusses the roles of various intermediaries that facilitate new issues such as merchant bankers, brokers, and underwriters.
Money management
This document provides an overview of key concepts in financial management. It defines financial management as obtaining and utilizing funds for business operations. The goals of financial management include profit maximization, wealth maximization, liquidity, and financial discipline. The finance manager makes investment, financing, dividend, and working capital decisions. The finance manager plays both a traditional role in markets, institutions, and capital structure as well as a new role in mergers, taxes, costs, and technology. The document also discusses the Indian financial system and debates between profit maximization versus wealth maximization objectives.
Media & modes of communication
This document discusses various modes of communication. It defines communication as the process of passing information between people. Traditional modes discussed include mail, courier, hand delivery, telegraph, and telex. Modern electronic modes that transmit signals instantly worldwide include telephone, cellular phone, SMS, voice mail, fax, email, and teleconferencing. These electronic modes allow both oral and written communication remotely without needing to be physically present.
Law of demand
This document discusses demand analysis and forecasting. It defines demand and the three elements of demand. It explains the law of demand and exceptions to the law. It discusses factors that affect increases and decreases in demand. It also covers types of demand, changes in demand, demand forecasting, and elasticity of demand and its types.
Insurance ECGC
The Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India was established in 1957 by the Government of India to promote exports by providing insurance against payment risks. It offers various credit insurance policies to exporters, including standard policies for shipments under 180 days of credit as well as specialized policies for software and service exports. It also provides guarantee programs to banks to facilitate export financing through measures like packing credit guarantees.
Innovative product
- Voguish is a partnership firm located in Bijapur that manufactures jackets.
- The jackets have features like maintaining body temperature and including an electronic device to control temperature.
- The firm uses a skimming pricing strategy and promotes its product through local advertisements, billboards, and magazines.
- It aims to position itself as a high-quality product with no competitors in the market.
Formation of company
The document discusses the formation and incorporation of companies. It explains that promoters are individuals who undertake preliminary work to establish a company, such as determining whether it will be public or private and setting the initial capital. At least 7 people can form an incorporated company by signing a memorandum of association and complying with registration formalities. The memorandum contains important details like the company's name, objectives, and liabilities. Promoters have duties to avoid conflicts of interest and fully disclose any profits made from the company.
Financial planning
Financial planning involves determining the capital required for a business and deciding how to obtain those funds. It aims to ensure adequate funding, minimize costs, match costs and risks, provide flexibility, and optimize capital use. Key factors that influence financial planning include the nature of the industry, the enterprise's goodwill, future plans, available funding sources, general economic conditions, and government policies. The steps in financial planning are establishing objectives, formulating financial policies and procedures, providing flexibility. Limitations include difficulties in forecasting, adapting to changes, coordination, and adapting to economic/policy changes. Benefits include better promotion, direction, capital conservation, liquidity, expansion, and unit coordination.
Marketing Decisions
The document discusses various concepts related to product and pricing strategies. It defines key terms like product mix, product line, product portfolio, and explains strategies like product line stretching, pruning, modernization etc. It also defines price, discusses factors influencing pricing like value-based pricing, cost-based pricing and various price adjustment strategies.
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A toxic combination of 15 years of low growth, and four decades of high inequality, has left Britain poorer and falling behind its peers. Productivity growth is weak and public investment is low, while wages today are no higher than they were before the financial crisis. Britain needs a new economic strategy to lift itself out of stagnation.
Scotland is in many ways a microcosm of this challenge. It has become a hub for creative industries, is home to several world-class universities and a thriving community of businesses – strengths that need to be harness and leveraged. But it also has high levels of deprivation, with homelessness reaching a record high and nearly half a million people living in very deep poverty last year. Scotland won’t be truly thriving unless it finds ways to ensure that all its inhabitants benefit from growth and investment. This is the central challenge facing policy makers both in Holyrood and Westminster.
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For more details, you can visit https://technoxander.com.
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Luận Văn Group hỗ trợ viết luận văn thạc sĩ,chuyên đề,khóa luận tốt nghiệp, báo cáo thực tập, Assignment, Essay
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Tham gia nhóm hỗ trợ viết bài fb: https://www.facebook.com/groups/285625754522599?locale=vi_VN
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挂科购买【微信号:176555708】【挂科购买(UPenn毕业证书)】【微信号:176555708】《成绩单、外壳、offer、真实留信官方学历认证（永久存档/真实可查）》采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路）我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号:176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号:176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Dr. Alyce Su Cover Story - China's Investment Leader
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
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Financial scam
- 1. FINANCIAL SCAMS BY TEAM SAPPHIRE Ankit Porwal
- 2. CAUSES OF FINANCIAL SCAM Corruption Lack of Employment Selecting wrong leaders Nobody is there to object the tendency of bribing International Collapse
- 3. EFFECTS ON INDIAN ECONOMY… Financial scam can have an impact on any person or organization that has a financial interest in the success or failure of a company It has the power to put employees out of work once the fraud is exposed or collapses Rise in Inflation Unemployment Financial Scam will cause shareholders to overpay for their investment in the company
- 4. MEASURES TO MINIMIZE SCAMS Seek qualified and honest professionals Creating awareness in the eyes of people Selecting the honest leaders Creating of independent checking body
- 5. THANQ…
- 6. THANQ…