Final year project report final sem.pdf

GPS ENABLED LOCATION TRACKING
DIGITAL BAND
Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering
of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology ( formerly known
as West Bengal University of Technology )
By
Aditi (Roll No: 14800317121)
Akash Shaw (Roll No: 14800317118)
Dona Chakraborty (Roll No: 14800317085)
Durba Kundu (Roll No: 14800317084)
Subhrojyoti Das (Roll No: 14800317021)
Under the supervision of
Prof. Tarun Kumar Das
(Assistant Professor, Dept of ECE, FIEM)
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Future Institute of Engineering & Management
Sonarpur Station Road, Kolkata-700150
2017

< College Letter Head>
Certificate of Recommendation
This is to certify that the project entitled “GPS ENABLED LOCATION
TRACKING DIGITAL BAND” submitted by Aditi, Akash Shaw, Dona
Chakraborty, Durba Kundu & Subhrojyoti Das is absolutely based upon
their own work under the supervision of Tarun Kumar Das (Assistant
Professor, Dept of ECE, FIEM) and that neither their thesis has been
submitted for any degree/diploma or any other academic award anywhere
before.
…………………………………………………………………….
Prof. Tarun Kumar Das
(Assistant Professor, Dept of ECE, FIEM)
……………………………………………………………………
Dr. Dipankar Ghosh
(HOD, Dept of ECE, FIEM)

Affiliated to
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
Certificate of Approval*
The foregoing thesis is hereby approved as a creditable study of an engineering
subject carried out and presented in a manner satisfactory to warrant its
acceptance as a prerequisite to the degree for which it has been submitted. It is
understood that by this approval the undersigned don’t necessarily endorse or
approve any statement made opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein but
approve the thesis only for the purpose for which it is submitted.
Signature of the Examiners:
1…………………………………………….
2…………………………………………….
3…………………………………………….
*Only in the case the thesis is approved

Acknowledgement
It is a great pleasure to express my deepest gratitude and indebtedness to my (internal /
external) guide(s), Prof. Tarun Kumar Das, Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Future Institute of Engineering & Management, Kolkata for
his supervision, constant help and encouragement throughout the entire period.
I am very much grateful to Dr. Dipankar Ghosh (Head of the Department), Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering, Future Institute of Engineering &
Management, for necessary suggestions and helpful scientific discussions to improve the
quality this thesis.
I am also thankful to the all-faculty members and technical staff of the department for their
help whenever I needed it.
______________________________ ______________________________
______________________________ _______________________________
_______________________________
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,

Index
SERIAL
NO.
TOPIC PAGE NO.
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. SYNOPSIS 2
3.
PURPOSE OF THE
PROJECT
2
4. LITERATURE SURVEY 3
5. DEVICE ARCHITECTURE 4
6. FLOW OF THE PROCESS 20
7.
BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM
OF THE MODEL
21
8. BASIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 21
9. RESULT 22
10. FUTURE ASPECTS 24
11. SCOPE OF ENHANCEMENT 24
12. CONCLUSION 25
13. REFERENCES 25

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO. TITLE OF THE FIGURE PAGE NO.
1. IMAGE OF ARDUINO UNO 5
2.
IMAGE OF HC 06
BLUETOOTH MODULE
6
3.
DIAGRAM OF TYPICAL
INTERFACE CIRCUIT OF
THE BLUETOOTH MODULE
TO AN ARDUINO
8
4.
IMAGE OF SPACE
SEGMENT
10
5.
IMAGE OF CONTROL
SEGMENT
11
6. IMAGE OF LCD DISPLAY 14
7.
FLOW CHART
20

1
INTRODUCTION:
Safety concern is a major issue these days. Incidents of kidnapping, child abuse, lost
persons, and misbehaviour with children, adults, and aged people are increasing day by day. The
wearable smart locator helps to maintain an eye on our beloved ones. It has been found that 30
million individuals in the world are suffering from autism (nervous breakdown), dementia (short
term and long-term memory loss), and Alzheimer (loss of brain function). Then, wearing this
device helps locating these diseased individuals in emergency conditions by tracking and guiding
the wearer from distant place about the direction.
Even this device includes a virtual radius which can be set around a destination by which
a notification will be sent to a caregiver’s number whenever their wearer enters into or leaves it
and an LED glows as an indication in the device. This device is a continuous monitoring
embedded application of wearer’s location, whether still or moving, and reports the status of that
location to caregiver’s mobile.
A GPS watch is a device with integrated GPS receiver that is worn as a single unit
strapped onto a wrist, in the manner of a bracelet. The watch can have other features and
capabilities depending on its intended purpose and be a smartwatch. GPS watches are most often
used for sports and fitness purposes. Many can connect to external sensors by the
wireless ANT+ protocol, and/or to a computer by USB to transfer data and configuration.
Common sensors used are heart rate monitors and foot pods (running cadence and speed sensor).
A foot pod can be used to supplement or replace GPS data, such as providing treadmill speed and
distance for the watch to log and share. Recharging by USB is commonplace.
It is worn by wearer all the time and does not require the person to operate this device in
any way except in case of emergency. This focuses on better security and safety of persons by
improving the feasibility and reliability of available locating devices which face obstacles in
communication and adapting or cognitive performance as well as emphasizing the relative merits
and limitations of existing technologies. To boot, it seeks to gain an enhanced understanding of
the complex realities related to the carrying out of locating technology.

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SYNOPSIS:
A wearable smart locator hand band is an electronic device which can be worn on the
wrist of the person who have Alzheimer or Dementia to monitor and keep an eye on them. This
wearable smart locator hand band device includes a microcontroller (ATmega328P), global
positioning system (GPS), HC-06 Bluetooth module, RTC clock and the monitoring unit
includes Android mobile device with web-based Android application as well as the location is
indicated on a Google Map. This development is also very useful for senior people and
individuals suffering from memory diseases. This device, hence, behaves as a communication
interface between wearer and caregiver. Basically, we can fix a range on this device like say 2
meters. Then if the person using this band goes out of range then immediately the user on the
other end whose phone is connected with the device via Bluetooth will get a message and then
he/she can track the user.
We can further modify the project by adding time range also, like if the person does not
come within the range within 5 mins then there will be another message giving the information
and we can also add speaker to guide with the direction. The caregiver can even talk to the
wearer with a two-way calling facility, including audio channel in GSM with microphone and
speaker which help in calling.
PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT:
The main goals of the project are to provide maximum convenience to the users who
even don’t know how to use a smart phone. It’s a wireless technology which enables us to keep
in touch or keep an eye on our loved ones. The main purpose is to help those who cannot
understand the path or those who have Alzheimer or Dementia. Even from distant places we can
keep a track of small kids, senior adults or even our pet animals and reach to them when required.
In this project we will design a wireless compatible and portable system by interfacing the GPS
module with a microcontroller and a Bluetooth system will also be used. Bluetooth will help user
on one end in a given range to have a check on the person on the other end. A signal will be sent
on disconnection of Bluetooth.

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Many wearable bands available in market for various purposes. Mostly, bands are used as
watch with pulse rate measuring sensor. Some bands have GPS as well but they can’t be
connected to a phone. Sending message on disconnection of Bluetooth is not available. Some
smart watches with all the facilities of android phones are also available in the market but they
are quite expensive.
In our project Bluetooth module connects the device to the phone of the user on another
end. On disconnection of Bluetooth when the person goes out of range, microcontroller sends
message to the phone, then using google map in phone and GPS in the device, the device can be
located and overall cost can be reduced.
LITERATURE SURVEY:
In the past years, various tracking/monitoring systems had been designed and these
systems are generally implemented in the form of children or vehicle tracking systems.
Mammone in 2005 caves in a method for nearby people in a crisis situation with rapid soliciting.
This invention allows a parent to alert other people who are present in a fixed radius. In 2007,
Kennedy designed an alert notification which is text messaging based on the Amber Alert system
which helped in child kidnapping. In the year 2005 King and Yancey had given an attack
warning for vehicle and location scheme. Emergency vehicles will get to a destination by
travelling quickly and safely and are indicated along the map with an icon with different visual
characteristics with respect to the position of the vehicle. Then Curran et al. proposed a method
in 2012 for defining the devices entering into a 2D geographic zone area with a user alert. Pankaj
and Bhatia in the year 2013 also have given their thought to implement GPS/GSM based vehicle
tracking system and track the vehicle on Google Map and also provide the shortest route to reach
vehicle easily in minimal time. As these tracking systems are utilized for tracking children or
vehicles, this sort of technique is likewise employed for people who are suffering from diseases
like autism, dementia, and Alzheimer and elderly individuals.

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DEVICE ARCHITECTURE:
1. ARDUINO UNO
2. HC 06 BLUETOOTH MODULE
3. GPS MODULE
4. GSM MODULE
5. BOOST CONVERTER
6. LIPO BATTERY CHARGER
7. LCD DISPLAY
8. RTC CLOCK
 ARDUINO UNO:
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz
ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller;
simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC
adapter or battery to get started.
“Uno” means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Arduino
Software (IDE) 1.0. The Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were
the reference versions of Arduino, now evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is
the first in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino
platform; for an extensive list of current, past or outdated boards see the Arduino index
of boards.

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FIGURE 1: Image of ARDUINO UNO
 HC 06 BLUETOOTH MODULE:
HC-06 is a Bluetooth module designed for establishing short range wireless data
communication between two microcontrollers or systems. The module works
on Bluetooth 2.0 communication protocol and it can only act as a slave device. This is
cheapest method for wireless data transmission and more flexible compared to other
methods and it even can transmit files at speed up to 2.1Mb/s. HC-06 uses frequency
hopping spread spectrum technique (FHSS) to avoid interference with other devices and
to have full duplex transmission. The device works on the frequency range from 2.402
GHz to 2.480GHz.

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Figure 2: Image of HC 06 BLUETOOTH MODULE
Pin configuration:
HC-06 module has six pins as shown in the pinout. In them we only need to use four for
successfully interfacing the module. Some breakout boards will only leave four output pins only
because of this reason.
Pin Number Name of the
Pin
Function
1 Key The pin state determines whether the module
works in AT command mode or normal mode
[High = AT commands receiving mode
(Commands response mode), Low or NC =
Bluetooth module normally working].
2 Vcc +5V Positive supply needs to be given to this pin
for powering the module
3 GND Connect to ground
4 TXD Serial data is transmitted by module through this
pin (at 9600bps by default), 3.3V logic
5 RXD Serial data is received by module through this
pin (at 9600bps by default),3.3V logic
6 State The pin is connected to the LED on the board to
represent the state of the module

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HC-06 Features and Electrical characteristics:
 Bluetooth protocol: Bluetooth V2.0 protocol standard
 Power Level: Class2(+6dBm)
 Band: 2.40GHz—2.48GHz, ISM Band
 Receiver sensitivity: -85dBm
 USB protocol: USB v1.1/2.0
 Modulation mode: Gauss frequency Shift Keying
 Safety feature: Authentication and encryption
 Operating voltage range: +3.3V to +6V
 Operating temperature range: -20ºC to +55ºC
 Operating Current: 40mA
Advantages of HC-06 Bluetooth Module:
 HC-06 is best option when short distance wireless communication is needed. The module
is used for wireless communications of less than 100 meters.
 The module is very easy to interface and to communicate.
 The module is one of the cheapest solutions for wireless communication of all types
present in the market.
 The module consumes very less power to function and can be used on battery operated
mobile systems.
 The module can be interfaced with almost all controllers or processors as it uses UART
interface.
How to use HC-06 Bluetooth Module:
The communication with this HC-06 module is done through UART interface. The data is
sent to the module or received from the module though this interface. So, we can connect the
module to any microcontroller or directly to PC which has RS232 port (UART interface). A
typical interface circuit of the module to an Arduino is shown below.

8
Figure 3: Diagram of typical interface circuit of the Bluetooth module to an Arduino
Here the module is connected to +5V standard regulated power supply and UART
interface is established as shown in figure. We need to do is connect RXD of Arduino to TXD of
module and TXD of Arduino is connected to RXD of module through a resistor voltage divider.
This voltage divider is provided for converting 5V logic signal sent by Arduino to +3.3V logic
signals which are suitable for the module. The ground of Arduino and module must be connected
for voltage reference in case separate power sources are used.
After connecting the module, we have to write the program in Arduino IDE to receive and
send data to the module. For successful wireless communication we need to remember few
things:
 In programming we need to set default baud rate of UART serial communication to 9600.
The value is default setting of module and can be change in program.
 The module is a slave and so we need a master to establish a successful wireless interface.
For that we need another [Arduino + module (with master feature)] setup or we can use a
smart phone as a master and search for HC-06 slave.
 The master searches for slave and connects to it after authenticated with password. The
HC-06 module has default password ‘1234’ which can be changed.

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 In program we can receive data master sends (After authentication) and perform tasks
based on it.
 Also, we can download libraries for module through the websites and use them to make
communication easy. We need to do is download these libraries and call them in
programs. Once the header file is included, we can use simple commands in the program
to tell the Arduino to send or receive data. The module sends this data to master through
wireless Bluetooth. If the module receives any data from master, it will transmit it to
Arduino through UART serial communication.
 GPS MODULE:
Global Positioning System, also known as GPS, is a system of satellites designed to help
navigate on the Earth, in the air, and on water. GPS receivers. People can carry them to
detect where they are and plan where and how to go to the next place. A GPS receiver shows
where it is. It may also show how fast it is moving, which direction it is going, how high it is,
and maybe how fast it is going up or down. Many GPS receivers have information about places.
GPSs for automobiles have travel data like road maps, hotels, restaurants, and service stations.
GPSs for boats contain nautical charts of harbour’s, marinas, shallow water, rocks,
and waterways. Other GPS receivers are made for air navigation, hiking and
backpacking, bicycling, or many other activities. The majority are in smartphones.
Working Principle of GPS Module:
The GPS consists of three segments:
1. The space segment: the GPS satellites
2. The control system, operated by the U.S. military,
3. The user segment, which includes both military and civilian users and their GPS
equipment.

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Space Segment:
The space segment is the number of satellites in the constellation. It comprises of 29
satellites circling the earth every 12 hours at 12,000 miles in altitude. The function of the space
segment is utilized to route/navigation signals and to store and retransmit the route/navigation
message sent by the control segment. These transmissions are controlled by highly stable atomic
clocks on the satellites. The GPS Space Segment is formed by a satellite constellation with
enough satellites to ensure that the users will have, at least, 4 simultaneous satellites in view
from any point at the Earth’s surface at any time.
Figure 4: Image of Space segment

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Control Segment:
The control segment comprises of a master control station and five monitor stations
outfitted with atomic clocks that are spread around the globe. The five monitor stations monitor
the GPS satellite signals and then send that qualified information to the master control station
where abnormalities are revised and sent back to the GPS satellites through ground antennas.
The control segment also referred to as a monitor station.
Figure 5: Image of Control segment
User Segment:
The user segment comprises of the GPS receiver, which receives the signals from the
GPS satellites and determines how far away it is from each satellite. Mainly this segment is used
for the U.S military, missile guidance systems, civilian applications for GPS in almost every
field. Most of the civilian use this from survey to transportation to natural resources and from
there to agriculture purpose and mapping too.
How GPS Determines a Position:

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The working/operation of the Global positioning system is based on the ‘trilateration’
mathematical principle. The position is determined from the distance measurements to satellites.
From the figure, the four satellites are used to determine the position of the receiver on the earth.
The target location is confirmed by the 4th
satellite. And three satellites are used to trace the
location place. A fourth satellite is used to confirm the target location of each of those space
vehicles. The global positioning system consists of satellite, control station and monitor station
and receiver. The GPS receiver takes the information from the satellite and uses the method of
triangulation to determine a user’s exact position.
Advantages of GPS:
1. GPS satellite-based navigation system is an important tool for military, civil and
commercial users.
2. Vehicle tracking systems GPS-based navigation systems can provide us with turn by turn
directions.
3. Very high speed.
 GSM MODULE:
GSM: GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), is a standard developed by the
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
GPRS: General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a packet oriented mobile data service on
the 2G and 3G cellular communication system’s global system for mobile communications
(GSM). GPRS was originally standardised by European Telecommunications Standards
Institute (ETSI) in response to the earlier CDPD and i-mode packet-switched cellular
technologies. It was created to describe the protocols for second-generation (2G) digital
cellular networks used by mobile phones and is now the default global standard for mobile
communications.

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GSM Module: A GSM module is a chip or circuit that will be used to establish
communication between a mobile device or a computing machine and a GSM or GPRS
system. The modem (modulator-demodulator) is a critical part here. These modules consist
of a GSM module or GPRS modem powered by a power supply circuit and communication
interfaces (like RS-232, USB 2.0, and others) for computer. A GSM modem can be a
dedicated modem device with a serial, USB or Bluetooth connection, or it can be a mobile
phone that provides GSM modem capabilities.
Modems: Wireless modems generate, transmit or decode data from a cellular network, in
order to establish communication. A GSM/GPRS modem is a class of wireless
modem, designed for communication over the GSM and GPRS network. It requires a SIM
(Subscriber Identity Module) card just like mobile phones to activate communication with
the network. Also, they have IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) number similar
to mobile phones for their identification.
1. The MODEM needs AT commands, for interacting with processor or controller,
which are communicated through serial communication.
2. These commands are sent by the controller/processor.
3. The MODEM sends back a result after it receives a command.
4. Different AT commands supported by the MODEM can be sent by the
processor/controller/computer to interact with the GSM and GPRS cellular network.
Applications of GSM module or GPRS module:
They can feature all the functionalities of a mobile phone through computer like making and
receiving calls, SMS, MMS etc. These are mainly employed for computer-based SMS and MMS
services. The GSM/GPRS module demonstrates the use of AT commands. They can feature all

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the functionalities of a mobile phone through computer like making and receiving calls, SMS,
MMS etc. These are mainly employed for computer-based SMS and MMS services.
 BOOST CONVERTER:
A boost converter (step-up converter) is a DC-to-DC power converter that steps up voltage
(while stepping down current) from its input (supply) to its output (load). It is a class
of switched-mode power supply (SMPS) containing at least two semiconductors (a diode and
a transistor) and at least one energy storage element: a capacitor, inductor, or the two in
combination. To reduce voltage ripple, filters made of capacitors (sometimes in combination
with inductors) are normally added to such a converter's output (load-side filter) and input
(supply-side filter).
 LCD DISPLAY:
A liquid crystal display or LCD is a combination of two states of matter, the solid and the
liquid. It uses a liquid crystal to produce a visible image. Lcd’s technologies allow displays to be
much thinner. It is composed of several layers which include two polarized panel Filters and
electrodes.
Figure 6: Image of LCD Display
 RTC CLOCK:
A real-time clock (RTC) is a computer clock, usually in the form of an integrated circuit that
is solely built for keeping time. Naturally, it counts hours, minutes, seconds, months, days and

15
even years. RTCs can be found running in personal computers, embedded systems and servers,
and are present in any electronic device that may require accurate time keeping. Being able to
still function even when the computer is powered down through a battery or independently from
the system’s main power is fundamental.
Purpose of RTC Clock:
The purpose of an RTC or a real time clock is to provide precise time and date which can
be used for various applications. RTC is an electronic device in the form of an Integrated Chip
(IC) available in various packaging options. It is powered by an internal lithium battery. As a
result of which even if the power of the system is turned off, the RTC clock keeps running.
Devices To be Substituted in place of Real
Architecture:
1. ESP 32 in place of Arduino:
ESP32 consumes low power and has low chip price. It has integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
and has good memory and speed.
ESP32 is the name of the chip that was developed by Espressif Systems. This provides Wi-Fi
(and in some models) dual-mode Bluetooth connectivity to embedded devices. While ESP32 is
technically just the chip, modules and development boards that contain this chip are often also
referred to as “ESP32” by the manufacturer. The differences between these are explained further
on in the article.
The ESP32 chip has a Tensilica Xtensa LX6 microprocessor in both dual-core and single-core
variations, with a clock rate of over 240 MHz There are now several different chip models
available, including:
 ESP32-D0WDQ6 (and ESP32D0WD)
 ESP32-D2WD
 ESP32-S0WD

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 And the system in package (SiP) – ESP32-PICO-D4
Models are available with combined Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity, or just Wi-Fi
connectivity. The ESP32 is most commonly engineered for mobile devices, wearable tech, and
IoT applications – such as Nabto. Moreover, with Mongoose OS introducing an ESP32 IoT
Starter Kit, the ESP32 has gained a reputation as the ultimate chip or module for hobbyists and
IoT developers.
While this reputation is not unmerited, the low-cost device can also be used in a number of
different production systems, and its capabilities and resources have grown impressively over the
past four years.
ESP32 Features and Specifications: Here’s a high-level summary of the features
and specifications of the ESP32:
Sl.no ESP-32 Description
1 Core 2
2 Arquitecture 32 bits
3 Clock Tensilica Xtensa LX106 160-240MHz
4 Wi-Fi IEEE802.11 b/g/n
5 Bluetooth Yes-classic & BLE
6 Ram 520KB
7 Flash Extern QPSI- 16MB
8 GPIO 22
9 DAC 2
10 ADC 18
11 Interfaces SPI-12C-UART-12S-CAN

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 Processors – As previously mentioned, the ESP32 uses a Tensilica Xtensa 32-bit
LX6 microprocessor. This uses 1 or 2 cores (all chips in the series are dual-core,
except the ESP32-S0WD). The clock frequency reaches up to 240MHz and it
performs up to 600 DMIPS (Dhrystone Million Instructions Per Second). Moreover,
its low power consumption allows for ADC conversions, computation, and level
thresholds, all while in deep sleep mode.
 Wireless connectivity – The ESP32 enables connectivity to integrated Wi-Fi
through the 802.11 b/g/n/e/i/. Moreover, dual-mode Bluetooth is made possible with
the v4.2 BR/EDR and features Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE).
 Memory – Internal memory for the ESP32 is as follows – ROM: 448 KiB (for
booting/core functions), SRAM: 520 KiB (for data/instructions), RTC fast SRAM: 8
KiB (for data storage/main CPU during boot from sleep mode), RTC slow SRAM: 8
KiB (for co-processor access during sleep mode), and eFuse: 1 KiBit (256 bits used
for the system (MAC address and chip configuration) and 768 bits reserved for
customer applications). Moreover, two of the ESP32 chips – ESP32-D2WD and
ESP32-PICO-D4 – have internally connected flash. The others are as follows: 0 MiB
(ESP32-D0WDQ6, ESP32-D0WD, and ESP32-S0WD chips), 2 MiB (ESP32-D2WD
chip), and 4 MiB (ESP32-PICO-D4 SiP module).
 External Flash and SRAM – ESP32 supports up to four 16 MiB external
QSPI flashes and SRAMs with hardware encryption based on AES to protect
developers’ programs and data. It accesses the external QSPI flash and SRAM
through high-speed caches.
 Security – IEEE 802.11 standard security features are all supported, including
WFA, WPA/WPA2 and WAPI. Moreover, ESP32 has a secure boot and flash
encryption.

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ESP32 Functions:
ESP32 has many applications when it comes to the Internet of Things (IoT). Here are just some
of the IoT functions the chip is used for:
 Networking: The module’s Wi-Fi Antenna and dual-core enables embedded devices
to connect to routers and transmit data.
 Data Processing: Includes processing basic inputs from analog and digital sensors to
far more complex calculations with an RTOS or Non-OS SDK.
 P2P Connectivity: Creates direct communication between different ESPs and other
devices using IoT P2P connectivity.
 Web Server: Access pages written in HTML or development languages.
ESP32 Applications
The ESP32 modules are commonly found in the following IoT devices:
 Smart industrial devices, including Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)
 Smart medical devices, including wearable health monitors
 Smart energy devices, including HVAC and thermostats
 Smart security devices, including surveillance cameras and smart locks
Chip versus Modules versus Development Boards
The ESP32 is just the name of the chip. Device manufacturers and developers have three
different choices in terms of which format they buy this in, and the decision of which one to go
with will depend on their individual circumstances:
 ESP32 Chip: This is the bare-bones chip that is manufactured by Espressif. It
comes unshielded and can’t be attached to a module or board without soldering.
Therefore, most device manufacturers do not purchase just the chip, as this will add an
additional layer of complexity to the production process.

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 ESP32 Modules: These are surface mountable modules that contain the chip.
The benefit of purchasing a module is that these can be easily mounted onto an MCU
in the production process. The chip is also usually shielded and pre-approved by the
FCC, which means device manufacturers do not need to worry about adding
additional steps to the production process to achieve FCC compliance with regard to
Wi-Fi shielding.
 ESP32 Development Boards: These are IoT MCU development boards
that have the modules containing the ESP32 chip preinstalled. They are used by
hobbyists, device manufacturers and developers to test and prototype IoT devices
before entering mass production. There is a wide variety of makes and models of
ESP32 development boards, produced by different manufacturers. Here are some
important specs to consider when choosing a suitable IoT ESP32 development board:
 GPIO pins
 ADC pins
 Wi-Fi antennas
 LEDs
 Shielding
 Flash Memory
Many international markets require shielded Wi-Fi devices, as Wi-Fi produces a lot of Radio
Frequency Interference (RFI), and shielding minimizes this interference. This should, therefore,
be a key consideration for all developers and embedded device manufacturers.
2. Lora Module in place of Bluetooth Module:
The range covered using Bluetooth Module is small so we can use Lora Module to
overcome this problem.
LoRa stands for Long Range Radio and is mainly targeted for M2M and IoT networks.
This technology will enable public or multi-tenant networks to connect a number of
applications running on the same network.

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LoRa (Long Range) is a proprietary low-power wide-area network modulation technique.
It is based on spread spectrum modulation techniques derived from chirp spread
spectrum (CSS) technology. It was developed by Cycleo of Grenoble, France and
acquired by Semtech, the founding member of the LoRa Alliance and it is patented.
FLOW OF THE PROCESS:
• A range is set in the microcontroller as per the range of Bluetooth module.
• Bluetooth in the device is connected to the phone of the user on another end.
• Once the device goes out of range, Bluetooth gets disconnected and a message is sent to
the phone.
• Then using gps tracker, the device can be located.
Figure 7: Flow Chart

21
BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE MODEL:
BASIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

24
FUTURE ASPECTS:
Future wearable equipment will pay more attention to the wearer's psychology and
emotional state. These devices will not only send information, but also regulate information.
Compact devices are more preferable and hence it can take the place of phones after some
enhancement. Moreover, the device will be made in very low cost and will be available readily
for users. The users can easily have a record of the location of their loved ones so it will be more
preferred for small kids, old citizens, people with Alzheimer and even for pets. Mothers can have
an eye on their kid while doing households.
This work is of low cost, very effective, and productive. But there is always room for
improvement. This merchandise has been designed as a prototype and requires further
developments for using it in assorted applications. This system can be further expended in
developing a Windows application which can support windows phone and the wearer device
must be small and unobtrusive in the form of compact watch and it should not label people.
SCOPE OF ENHANCEMENT:
We can use speaker and microphone in the device, further, to guide the direction to
someone who has no idea about using smart-phones, from distant. We can further use google
map API to check the live location constantly. Once, the device gets disconnected, it sends
message to the end user. We can further enhance it to send message on re-connecting. We can set
a time as well which will be used as an alarm. If someone is out of range for the duration longer
then as set by the user, the message will be sent. We can develop web or android application for
further enhancement in the use of this device. It can be further modified into health band and
smart watch as well.

25
CONCLUSION:
This project primarily pertained to the development of a wireless monitoring system.
However, the concepts, techniques and design approach used for the development of our wireless
GPS system will be further modified to encompass several different benefits such as sending
messages on disconnection and reconnection, detecting live location and guiding direction.
Hence, the digital hand band with GPS System is a stepping stone for the development of a
Multi-parameter Wireless Band.
REFERENCES:
1. C. Yamagata, J. F. Coppola, M. Kowtko, and S. Joyce, “Mobile app development and
usability research to help dementia and Alzheimer patients,” in Proceedings of the 9th
Annual Conference on Long Island Systems, Applications and Technology (LISAT '13),
pp. 1–6, Farmingdale, NY, USA, May 2013.
2. M. Randolph-Gips, “Autism: a systems biology disease,” in Proceedings of the 1st IEEE
International Conference on Healthcare Informatics, Imaging and Systems Biology
(HISB '11), pp. 359–366, San Jose, Calif, USA, July 2011.
3. R. Mammone, “Child locator apparatus and method,” U.S. Patent Application 10/689,216,
2003.
4. P. J. Kennedy, “Mobile phone Amber alert notification system and method,” U.S. Patent
No. 7,228,121, 2007.
5. B. King and D. A. Yancey, “GPS-based vehicle warning and location system and
method,” U.S. Patent No. 6,895,332, May 2005.
6. D. Curran, J. Demmel, and R. A. Fanshier, “Geo-fence with minimal false alarms,” U.S.
Patent no. 8,125,332, February 2012.

26
7. V. Pankaj and J. S. Bhatia, “Design and development of GPS-GSM based tracking
system with Google map-based monitoring,” International Journal of Computer Science,
Engineering and Applications, vol. 3, no. 3, 2013.
8. P. Wang, Z. Zhao, C. Xu, Z. Wu, and Y. Luo, “Design and implementation of the Low-
Power Tracking System based on GPS-GPRS Module,” in Proceedings of the 5th IEEE
Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA '10), pp. 207–210, June
2010.
9. M. Kunal, S. Mandeep, and J. Neelu, “Real time vehicle tracking system using GSM and
GPS technology—an anti-theft tracking System,” International Journal of Electronics
and Computer Science Engineering, vol. 1, no. 3, 2012.
10. M. A. Al-Khedher, “Hybrid GPS-GSM localization of automobile tracking
system,” International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, vol. 3,
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11. P. B. Fleischer, A. Y. Nelson, R. A. Sowah, and A. Bremang, “Design and development
of GPS/GSM based vehicle tracking and alert system for commercial inter-city buses,”
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12. J.-H. Liu, J. Chen, Y.-L. Wu, and P.-L. Wang, “AASMP-Android Application Server for
Mobile Platforms,” in Proceedings of the IEEE 16th International Conference on
Computational Science and Engineering (CSE '13), pp. 643–650, 2013.
13. J. Saranya and J. Selvakumar, “Implementation of children tracking system on android
mobile terminals,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Communications
and Signal Processing (ICCSP '13), pp. 961–965, April 2013.
14. N. Chadil, A. Russameesawang, and P. Keeratiwintakorn, “Real-time tracking
management system using GPS, GPRS and Google Earth,” in Proceedings of the 5th
International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer,
Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON '08), vol. 1, pp. 393–396,
Krabi, Thailand, May 2008.

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15. Y. A. N. G. Mei, “Application design and implementation of GPS-GPRS location system
vehicle terminals,” Telecommunication Engineering, vol. 3, article 024, 2004.
16. L. Rui, Z. Minjian, L. Wenhu, and H. Tao, “Designed and implementation of the
positioning and tracking system based on GSM SMS module,” Journal of Electronic
Measurement and Instrument, no. z1, pp. 283–286, 2008.

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