The document discusses the key components and functions of a basic camera, including how light enters through the lens, the role of the aperture and shutter speed in controlling light exposure, how film or an image sensor captures the light, and the different shooting modes that allow the photographer to control different aspects of the exposure. It covers topics like depth of field, motion blur, ISO sensitivity, grain, flash usage, and common shooting modes like aperture priority, shutter priority, and manual. Scene modes are also mentioned as preset configurations tailored for specific shooting conditions.

1. How Your Camera Works

2. Path of Light Light Source Lens Film

4. Your Lens Moveable curved pieces of glass allow you to focus the light entering the camera

5. Aperture How large the opening (iris) in the lens is 1.8, 2, 2.8, 3.5, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22, 32

6. Depth of Field Area of the image that appears in focus from foreground to background Affected by aperture

8. Shutter Controls how long light passes through to the image sensor Can be as short as 1/500 second to 1 second or even minutes Be aware of lighting and it’s affect on the shutter speed Beware of shutter lag

9. Stopped Motion

10. Blurred Motion

11. Film Coated with a light sensitive chemical Chemical reaction occurs when the film is exposed to light Comes in different sensitivities called ISO

12. ISO International Standards Organization Measures the sensitivity of the sensor Higher ISO increases light sensitivity, but also increases grain 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200

13. Grain As the sensitivity of your film increases, so does the size of your grain This can be seen as an artistic effect, but it does degrade the details in your image

14. Small Grain Large Grain(Grainy)

15. Flash To flash or not to flash

16. Beautiful non-flash lighting

17. Bad Flash Use Good Flash Use

18. Shooting Modes

19. Full Auto Your camera makes all the choices for you except how to frame the shot and when to press the shutter

20. Program Mode Your camera chooses aperture and shutter speed, but you have the ability to shift the aperture/shutter speed combo

21. Aperture Priority You choose the aperture and your camera choose an appropriate shutter speed Use this mode for if depth of field is important for your shot

22. Shutter Priority You decide the shutter speed and your camera chooses an appropriate aperture Use this mode if motion is important

23. Manual You make all the decisions based on your light meter’s reading On your cameras manual may only include choices on color, ISO, exposure compensation,etc.

24. Scene Modes Preset Configurations

25. Portrait Softens the background while keeping your subject in sharp focus

26. Night Portrait Chooses flash and slower shutter speed to make both background and foreground visible Use in dark conditions when your subject is relatively close to the camera and you want the background to be visible

27. Landscape Keeps as much in focus as possible Sometimes this setting also sharpens digitally and/or enhances color

28. Night Landscape This setting turns off the flash and uses a slower shutter speed Requires a tripod

29. Beach/Snow & Backlight For photographing very bright subjects Sand and snow can be so bright that it confuses your camera-this leads to a too dark photo Backlight-when a very bright light comes from behind your subject This setting chooses an aperture and shutter speed based on the foreground subject May use flash to help lighten foreground

30. Close Up/Macro Allows for close up shots

31. Sports Freezes action with a fast shutter speed

32. Drive Settings One shot Multiple shot blast Self timer