This document summarizes thrombolytic drugs, which are used to treat life-threatening blood clots. It discusses how thrombolytic drugs work by activating plasminogen to form plasmin, which breaks down fibrin and dissolves blood clots. The main thrombolytic drugs discussed are tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), streptokinase, urokinase, and their uses, mechanisms of action, advantages, and disadvantages in treating conditions like myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism. The document also mentions antifibrinolytic drugs that inhibit fibrinolysis.
5-Hydroxytryptamine & it’s Antagonist is a Topic in Pharmacology which will defiantly Help You in pharmacy field All information is related to pharmacology drug acting and it's effect on body. it is collage project given by our department i would like to share with you.
Introduction.
Classification .
Drugs used in Coagulant and Anticoagulant Agents
Mechanism of action .
Structure
Synthesis
Adverse Drug Reactions .
Uses.
Reference
Seretonin (5HT) and Its Antagonists PharmacologyPranatiChavan
Serotonin is a chemical that has a wide variety of functions in the human body. It is sometimes called the happy chemical, because it contributes to wellbeing and happiness.
The scientific name for serotonin is 5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT. It is mainly found in the brain, bowels, and blood platelets.
Serotonin is used to transmit messages between nerve cells, it is thought to be active in constricting smooth muscles, and it contributes to wellbeing and happiness, among other things. As the precursor for melatonin, it helps regulate the body’s sleep-wake cycles and the internal clock.
It is thought to play a role in appetite, the emotions, and motor, cognitive, and autonomic functions. However, it is not known exactly if serotonin affects these directly, or if it has an overall role in co-ordinating the nervous system.
5-Hydroxytryptamine & it’s Antagonist is a Topic in Pharmacology which will defiantly Help You in pharmacy field All information is related to pharmacology drug acting and it's effect on body. it is collage project given by our department i would like to share with you.
Introduction.
Classification .
Drugs used in Coagulant and Anticoagulant Agents
Mechanism of action .
Structure
Synthesis
Adverse Drug Reactions .
Uses.
Reference
Seretonin (5HT) and Its Antagonists PharmacologyPranatiChavan
Serotonin is a chemical that has a wide variety of functions in the human body. It is sometimes called the happy chemical, because it contributes to wellbeing and happiness.
The scientific name for serotonin is 5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT. It is mainly found in the brain, bowels, and blood platelets.
Serotonin is used to transmit messages between nerve cells, it is thought to be active in constricting smooth muscles, and it contributes to wellbeing and happiness, among other things. As the precursor for melatonin, it helps regulate the body’s sleep-wake cycles and the internal clock.
It is thought to play a role in appetite, the emotions, and motor, cognitive, and autonomic functions. However, it is not known exactly if serotonin affects these directly, or if it has an overall role in co-ordinating the nervous system.
A detailed information Thrombolytic or fibrinolytics. Comes under the Drugs affecting the blood and blood forming category. These drugs are used to lyse the clot.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2. Fibrinolytic drug, also called thrombolytic drug, any
agent that is capable of stimulating the dissolution of a
blood clot (thrombus)
Fibrinolytic drugs work by activating the so-called
fibrinolytic pathway.
Blood clots can occur in any vascular bed; however, when
they occur in coronary, cerebral or pulmonary vessels, they
can be immediately life-threatening
coronary thrombi are the cause of myocardial infarctions,
cerebrovascular thrombi produce strokes, and pulmonary
thrombo emboli can lead to respiratory and cardiac failure.
Therefore, it is important to rapidly diagnose and treat
blood clots.
3.
4. Thrombolytic drugs
dissolve blood clots by
activating plasminogen,
which forms a cleaved
product called plasmin.
Plasmin is a proteolytic
enzyme that is capable of
breaking cross-links
between fibrin
molecules, which provide
the structural integrity of
blood clots
6. This family of thrombolytic drugs is used in acute
myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular thrombotic stroke
and pulmonary embolism
Alteplase is a recombinant form of human tPA.Moderately
specific for fibrin bound plasminigen. It has a short half-life
(~5 min) and therefore is usually administered as slow iv
infusion .non antigenic .
dis-Nausea ,mild hypotension
Retaplase is a genetically engineered, smaller derivative of
recombinant tPA . Longer acting than rtPA. It is usually
administered as IV bolus injections. but less specific for
fibrin bound plasminogen. It is used for acute myocardial
infarction and pulmonary embolism.
Dose- 10mg over 10min repeated after 30 min
7. Tenecteplase (TNK-tPA) has a longer half-life and
greater binding affinity for fibrin than rtPA.
Because of its longer half-life, it can be administered
by IV bolus Single bolus dose 0.5 mg/kg sufficient .
Very expensive .
It is only approved for use in acute myocardial
infarction STEMI
Cranial bleeding
8. Streptokinase and anistreplase are used in acute
myocardial infarction, arterial and venous thrombosis,
and pulmonary embolism. These compounds are
antigenic because they are derived from streptococci
bacteria.
Natural streptokinase (SK) is isolated and purified from
streptococci bacteria. Its lack of fibrin specificity
makes it a less desirable thrombolytic drug than tPA
compounds because it produces more fibrinogenolysis.
Anistreplase (Eminase®) is a complex of SK and
plasminogen. It has more fibrin specificity and has a
longer activity than natural SK; however, it causes
considerable fibrinogenolysis.
9. Combines with circulating plasminogen forms
activator complex proteolysis of plasminogen
Active plasmin
• Cheap,widely used in India
Disadvantages
1 Activates both circulating & fibrin bound
plasminogen Depletion of circulating plasminogen →
bleeding
2. Antistreptococcal Abs from past infections inactivate
considerable fraction of initial dose , loading dose
needed
3 Repeat doses less effective due to neutralisation by
Abs
10. Uses
Acute myocardial infarction – 7.5 to 15 IU; I.V over 1
hr period • Deep vein thrombosis , Pulmonary
embolism
Adverse effects
Bleeding, hypotension, allergic reactions, fever,
arrhythmias
Contraindications
Recent trauma, surgery, abortion, stroke, severe
hypertension, peptic ulcer, bleeding disorders
11. Urokinase, a protease enzyme that activates
plasminogen directly, is obtained from tissue
culture of human kidney cells
It has limited clinical use because, like SK, it produces
considerable fibrinogenolysis; however, it is used for
pulmonary embolism.
One benefit over SK is that UK is non-antigenic;
however, this is offset by a much greater cost
12. Rapid acting, more potent
Superior in dissolving old clots
Short half life 4-8 min
Nausea, mild hypotension, fever may occur.
For MI : 2.2IU+-
14. Intracranial hemorrhage.
Head injury/major surgery in past 3 months
Intracranial tumors/vascular abnormality/aneurysms
Active bleeding/bleeding disorders
Peptic ulcer
Any wound or recent fracture or tooth extraction
Severe Hypertension
15. Antifibrinolytics are a class of medicationthat are inhibitors
of fibrinolysis.
Aminocaproic acid
Tranexamic acid.
These lysine-like drugs interfere with the formation of the
fibrinolytic enzyme plasmin from its precursor plasminogen by
plasminogen activators (primarily t-PA and u-PA) which takes
place mainly in lysine rich areas on the surface of fibrin
.
These drugs block the binding sites of the enzymes
or plasminogen respectively and thus stop plasmin formation.
They are used in menorrhagia and bleeding tendency due to
various causes
