This presentation discusses the classification of fibers into three main categories: vegetable fibers, animal fibers, and synthetic fibers. Vegetable fibers like cotton are made of cellulose and come from plants. Animal fibers such as wool are composed of proteins and sourced from animals. Synthetic fibers like nylon are man-made from petrochemicals and consist of polymer chains. Each category was explained with examples of common fibers like cotton, wool, and nylon along with their composition and uses.

1. Presentation on : Fiber & its classification
Subject: Pharmacognosy-I
Prepared by: AMMAR YAHYA
Roll No: 30

2. Fiber
 Definition:
 In food, fiber is the part of fruits, vegetables, legumes and
whole grains that cannot be digested. The fiber in food
may help prevent cancer.
 In the body, fiber refers to tissue made of long thread like
cells, such as muscles fibers or nerve fibers.

3. Classification:
 Vegetable origin – cotton, cellulose (Rayon)
 Animal origin – wool, silk
 Synthetic origin – nylon

4. 1- vegetable Fibers
 The main chemical component of vegetable fibers is
cellulose, so vegetables fibers are also called cellulosic
fibers.
 Vegetable fibers are plant origin, so they are also called
plant fibers.
Examples:
 Cotton, Hemp, Jute, & Banana.

5. Cotton Fiber:
 Cotton fiber is made up of hundreds of thousands of
cellulose molecules.
 Cotton is the vegetable fiber that surrounds the cotton
plant’s seeds.
 Cotton has been grown in some form for over 5000 years.
 Cotton is a member of the “GOSSYPIUM” family of
plants.
 Cotton is the world’s most widely used natural fiber and
the undisputed king of global textile’s industry.

7. Uses:
 It is used in wide range of wearing products such as shirts,
dresses, suits, pants, jackets e.t.c.
 Cotton is also used as swabs, puffs, filter papers, wipes,
for home decoration like curtains, sheets, table clothes,
table mats and house furnishings.

8. 2- Animal Fibers
 Animal fibers are the natural fibers that can be sourced
to animals. These fibers are usually made up of different
kinds of proteins.
 Example:
 Wool and silk

9. wool
•Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and some other
mammals, especially goats and rabbits.

10. Uses:
 Wool is used to make woolen yarns. These woolen yarns
are used to create gloves, hates, and sweaters.
 Wool is used to make variety of garments, including
expensive suits.
 Blankets are made up of wool.

11. expensive coats
blanket

12. 3- Synthetic Fibers
 “man-made fibers, most of them are prepared from raw
material petroleum called petrochemicals”.
 They consist of a small unit or a polymer which is made
up of many repeating units called monomers.
 Other names of synthetic fibers are man-made fibers or
artificial fibers.
 Example:
 Nylon fiber

13. Nylon fiber
 Nylon is a generic name for a family of synthetic fibers
composed of polymers of polyamides.
 Nylon is a silk-like thermoplastic, generally made from
petroleum, that can be melt-processed into fibers, films
or other shapes.
 Melting point of nylon is 190-350 ◦C.

14. Nylon fibers

15. Uses:
 Nylon is used to make shits, foundation garments,
raincoats, swimwear and cycle wear.
 In industry it is used to make seat belts, ropes, nets and
tents.
 It is used to make fish nets.