Female genitalia-Forensic
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The female reproductive system has important medicolegal significance. It includes the external genitalia of the vulva and internal genitalia including the vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The condition of the hymen can be important in cases involving questions of virginity or rape allegations. Pregnancy is also significant for cases involving property rights, divorce, or concealment of birth. The reproductive system and signs of virginity, pregnancy, or induced abortion may be examined to address legal issues involving marriage validity, rape, infanticide or abortion.
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2-ANATOMY%20AND%20PHYSIOLOGY%20-%20Copy.ppt
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ANATOMY-AND-PHYSIOLOgy.pptx
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It occurs when the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to release FSH that stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen and causes ova to mature in the ovarian follicles. Endometrium is repaired thickens, and becomes well-vascularized in response to increasing levels of estrogens.
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Female Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology - B.Pharm & Pharm.D
The document provides an overview of the female reproductive system, including its major organs and their functions. It describes how the ovaries and uterus change during puberty and the menstrual cycle. It also details the external female genitalia, such as the labia, clitoris, and breasts. The reproductive system's primary functions are to produce eggs and sex hormones, support embryo development, and allow for sexual intercourse and childbirth.
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2 gy embryology for anesthesia
1) The document discusses the embryonic development of the female genital tract. It describes how the müllerian ducts fuse to form the uterus, cervix, and upper vagina while the urogenital sinus forms the lower vagina.
2) Common malformations of the female genital tract include müllerian anomalies like bicornuate or septate uteri, as well as vaginal agenesis where the uterus and vagina are absent.
3) Genital ambiguity in newborns can be due to female pseudohermaphroditism from androgen excess, male pseudohermaphroditism from incomplete androgen development, or true hermaphroditism with
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Female genitalia-Forensic
- 1. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AND ITS MEDICOLEGAL IMPORTANCE Dr.Nafeeya 1st yr pg Dep of FORENSIC MEDICINE and TOXICOLOGY
- 2. OVERVIEW • Introduction • External genitalia • Internal genitalia • Vasculature • Medicolegal importance
- 3. Introduction • Copulation • Fertilization • Growth and development of fetus Classified –External Genitalia Internal Genitalia Accessory Reproductive Organ
- 5. External genitalia • Vulva or Pudentum • Vulva consists of the following Mons pubis Labia majora Labia minora Clitoris Vestibule-4 openings 1. Urethral orifice 2. Vaginal orifies 3. Skenes duct 4. Bartholins duct
- 6. Blood supply • Arteries : • Branches of internal pudental artery. • Branches of femoral artery • Veins : • Internal pudental vein • Long saphenous vein • Vesical or vaginal plexus.
- 7. Internal genitalia • Vagina • Cervix • Uterus • Fallopian tubes • Ovaries
- 8. vagina Connects the cervix to the external genitals. Located between the bladder and rectum Functions: passage for menstrual flow Birth canal Bartholins gland – lubrication cervix Connects uterus to the vagina Act as a safety precaution against foreign body During childbirth, the cervix dilates to accomodate the passage of the fetus Dialation –sign of labor begun Uterus Womb,pear shaped Made up of endometrium ,myometrium,and perimetrium Consists of blood enriched tissue that slough off each month during menstrual cycle.
- 9. The powerful muscles of the uterus expand to accomodate growing fetus and push it through the birth canal Lies between rectum and bladder Weight :50g -80g Divided into 2 portions by isthmus Position –ante version or ante flexion Parts- fundus, body ,cervix Blood supply-uterine artery Sympathetic – T5 and T6 –Motor T10 and L1 – sensory Parasympathetic-both motor and sensory S2,S3,S4
- 10. Fallopian tubes and ovaries Serve as a pathway for the ovum to the uterus Site for fertilization Called uterine tubes Fertilized egg take – approximately 6 to 10 days to travel through fallopian tube to implant in the uterine fundus. Female gonads or sex glands Develop and expel an ovum each month Women is born with approximately 4 lakhs immature eggs During life time a women release 400 to 500 fully matured eggs for fertilization Follicles - produce female sex hormones ,progesterone and estrogen Prepare the uterus for implantation of fertilized egg
- 12. • Virginity • Question 1. Nullity of marriage 2. Divorce 3. Defamation 4. Rape • Hymen • Rupture 1. Accidental 2. Masturbation 3. Surgical operation 4. Foreign body 5. Ulceration 6. Scratching 7. Sanitary tampon
- 13. • Signs of virginity • Hymen: intact,rigid,& inelastic,edges are distinct,smooth and regular with a narrow opening. • Labia majora:apposed to each other,fully developed and close to vaginal orifice. • Labia minora- both are in contact and covered by labia majora. • Fourchette-intact • Fossa navicularis-intact • Vestibule –narrow • Vagina-narrow , the rugae more folded.
- 14. • Pregnancy • Attendence In Court As A Witness • Sec 416 Cr.P.C • Property • Compensation • Divorce • Blackmail • Unmarried/Widow/Wife Living Apart • Pregnancy Is Alleged To Motive For Suicide/Murder • Alleged Concealment Of Birth/Pregnancy/Infanticide • Abortion : • Product of conception are expelled either spontaneously or by induction ,before the period of viability. • 28 weeks
- 15. Medical termination of pregnancy act
- 16. • Sections • Nullity of marriage- Sec -12 –Hindu Marriage Act. • Divorce-Sec – 13 • Sec 416 IPC- reduction of capital punishment –Pregnancy. • Sec 312 IPC-VOLUNTARILY • CAUSING ABORTION WITH THE CONSENT OF THE WOMAN. • Sec 313 IPC-ABORTION IS CAUSED WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF THE WOMAN. • Sec 314-PREGNANCY WOMEN DIES ,FROM AN ACT INTENDED TO CAUSE MISCARRIAGE. • Sec 315-A PERSON DOING AN ACT INTENDED TO PREVENT THE CHILD FROM BEING BORN ALIVE. • Sec 316-CAUSING DEATH OF A QUICK UNBORN CHILD BY AN ACT AMOUNTING TO CULPABLE HOMICIDE. • Sec 317 IPC-Abandoning an infant. • Sec 318 IPC-Concealment of birth.
- 17. References • Text book of obstetrics D.C.DUTTY • Narayan reddy text book of Forensic medicine & toxicology 34 th edition