sexual assault is very big problem in India and it should be dealt seriously

1. Examination of a Victim of Rape

2. Procedure for examination

3. Informed consent
• of the victim should be taken in writing in presence of a witness if she
above the age of 12 years. (IN INDIA)
• if she is under the age of 12 years or a
• mentally subnormal person,
• the written consent of the parents or guardian should be taken.
• SECTION 90 IPC
• Consent of insane person.-if the consent is given by a person who, from unsoundness of
mind, or intoxication, is unable to understand the nature and consequence of that to
which he gives his consent; or
•
• Consent of child---unless the contrary appears from the context, if the consent is given by a
person who is under twelve years of age.

4. (SECTION 53(2) OF CrPC)
• The examination should be made in the presence of
a female nurse or a female relation unless the
doctor is female.
• whenever a female is to be examined, the
examination should be made only by, or under the
supervision of, a female registered medical
practitioner.

5. The principal features of the examination are:-
1.Preliminary data
2.The statement of the victim and others
separately
3.Signs of struggle on clothes and body
4.Examination of the genitals for:-
 Local signs of violation
 Genital injuries
 Presence of spermatozoa and other
microorganisms
 Any evidence of STD
• 5. Collection of laboratory specimens
• 6. Inference
• 7. Advice on follow-up

6. • The statement of the victim in her words must be written down as much as possible
“WORD FOR WORD”. The amount of violence used, the position of the assailant, and the
mode of attack should be elicited. It is necessary to inquire if vaginal, oral, or rectal contact
occurred. Her statement should be noted with reference to:-
• Pain
• Haemorrhage
• Sensation as to penetration and emission and
• The appearance of discharge
• If she cried for help, or was too terrified to do so, or she fainted
•
• Enquiry should be made of the events after the alleged assault, e. g, if she has changed
her clothing, bathed or passed urine. Any delay in making complain to the authorities
should have a proper explanation. A record should be made of the statement of others
who accompany her. The degree of agreement of the various statements is important.

7. SIGNS OF STRUGGLE ON CLOTHES AND BODY
• These should be looked for on the clothes and the body. The clothing, if
are the same as that worn at the time of crime should be examined in
good light for evidence of a struggle, such as tears in the fabrics, marks
of mud or grass, or stain of blood or semen. When clothes are torn,
corresponding injuries to the body may be present and should be looked
for. Mud and blood stains, when present, are generally seen on the back
clothes while seminal stains are seen on the front clothes. Stains may be
found on the material, e.g. Handkerchief, used for cleaning after the
assault. When blood stains are seen, it must be ascertained if they are
due to menstruation

8. • On microscopic examination, menstrual blood is found to contain
endometrial cells from the uterus, epithelial cells from the vagina, and a
large number of microorganisms which are not found in ordinary blood.
Trichomonas vaginalis or monilia may be present. Blood should be taken
for grouping and DNA characteristics to determine if the stains belong to
the victim or assailant. Seminal stains should also be grouped to
ascertain subsequently if they match with the assailant’s blood group.
The clothing should be retained, carefully dried, labelled, and forwarded
to the Forensic Science Laboratory for examination of suspicious stains,
either blood, semen, or both.

9. • General appearance
• Upper arms, forearms and hands
• Face, ears, lips
• Scalp
• Neck
• Breasts
• Abdomen
• Thighs and Legs
• Hips and Buttocks
• Bruises and contusions (e.g. inner aspect of thighs, scalp, face,
lips);
• Lacerations (e.g. scalp, forearm);
• Ligature marks (e.g. ankles, wrists and neck);
• Pattern injuries (i.e. fingertip marks, scratch marks, bite marks,
factitious self-inflicted injuries)

10. • Inspection, labial traction
• Swabs
• Speculum
• Anal +/- digital +/- proctoscope

22. COLPOSCOPIC EXAMINATION

23. • Vulval / vaginal / endocervical swabs
• Buccal swabs – for DNA profiling Other swabs
(e.g. anal, oral, breasts)
• Fingernail (clipping / scraping)
• Pubic hair
• Clothing / debris
• +/- Toxicological samples (blood, urine)

24. • Normally, sperms remain motile in the vagina for about 6-8 hours and
occasionally for 12 hours.
• Non-motile forms are detectable for about 24 hours with occasional
reports to 48-72 and very rarely 96 hours.
• Motility persists longer at body temperature. The sperms remain motile in
the uterus cavity for 3-5 days.
• Non-motile sperms remain in the uterine cavity for weeks or months after
death.
 spermatozoa and smegma bacilli.

25.  To demonstrate the presence of sperms, the vaginal contents are
aspirated by means of a blunt-ended pipette.
 A wet preparation is then made on a slide and examined under a
microscope for motile spermatozoa.
 If motile sperms are seen, it would mean that intercourse has
taken place within about 12 hours.
 If the sperms are not motile, it is not possible to say exactly when
intercourse took place except that it may be over 12 hours and
within 24-48 hours and occasionally up to 72 hours.
 Intact sperms are rarely found in the vagina after 72 hours of
coitus.
 In such a case, sperms heads and tails can be separately
demonstrated by using picroindigocarmine which stain sperms
heads “RED” and tails “GREEN AND RED”.
 A smear is also made from the vaginal contents, fixed by gentle
heat, and stained by Ziehl-Neelson’s method, and examined for
the presence of