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2-ANATOMY%20AND%20PHYSIOLOGY%20-%20Copy.ppt
- 1. CHAPTER TWO OVERVIEW OFANATOMY AND PHYIOLOGY OF FEMALE AND MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN FOR CONTRACEPTION PORVISION 1
- 2. CHAPTER 2-1 OVERVIEW OFANATOMY 2
- 3. ANATOMY OF FEMALEAND MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 3
- 4. Outline •The female reproductiveorgans: •External organs •Internal organs •Physiology of female reproductive system •The male reproductive system: •External Organs •Internal organs 4
- 5. Objectives At the endof the session students will be able to: •Identify the different parts of the female and male reproductive organs in relation to FP •Describe relevant physiology of reproductive organs in relation to FP •Review relevant anatomical issues of importance in conducting a proper genital examination during provision of contraception 5
- 6. Female External Organ Monspubis •Triangular mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone Labia majora •Protect the introits and urethral openings Labia minora •Erectile, connective tissue that darkens &swells during sexual arousal Clitoris •Highly sensitive and erectile organ made up of a shaft & a glans 6
- 7. Female external organ… Vestibule •Urethral opening •Vaginal opening •Bartholins gland opening •Paraurethral glands of Skene Perineum 7
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- 9. Female Internal organ Thefemale internal organ consists of : •Vagina •Uterus •Ovary •Fallopian tube 9
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- 11. Vagina •A fibromuscular cylindricalorgan • Measures from 9-11 cm in length and directed upwards and posteriorly from the introitus •Longer in the posterior than the anterior 11
- 12. Uterus •A pear shapedorgan •About the size of a clenched fist - (9 X 7 X 3 cm) and weighing 50-80 gm •Ant everted and ante flexed in position •In some women the angle of the uterus may be retro everted with the fundus lying in the cul-de-sac •Has three parts: oCervix o body ofundus 12
- 13. Cervix •Cylindrical shaped neckof tissue that connects the vagina and the uterus •Length ~3 cm 13
- 14. Ovaries •On average 3cm in length, 2 cm in breadth & 1 cm in width and weighing 4–8 gm •Are the female gonads or sex glands (paired organs) •Produce the female sex hormones (progesterone and estrogen) •Release the ovum every month interchangeably 14
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- 16. Fallopian Tube •7 -14cm long •Is a site of fertilization •It is a channel through which fertilized ovum transported to the uterus •Divided into 3 parts: Isthmus - narrow (1 mm diameter) and nearly straight portion Ampulla – wider (5-8mm) and more tortuous, it is a site of fertilization Infundibulum – a funnel-like structure 16
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- 18. Adjacent structures locatedclose to the internal reproductive organs •Urethra and bladder anterior to the vagina and uterus and the rectum and cul-de-sac located posteriorly •The ureters also pass adjacent to the cervix laterally
- 19. CHAPTER 2-2 OVERVIEW OFPHYSIOLOGY 19
- 20. Physiology of femalereproductive system Four body structures are involved in the normal physiology of female reproductive system •Hypothalamus •pituitary gland •Ovaries •Uterus •Cervix 20
- 21. Phases of femalereproductive cycle •Proliterative •Ovulatory •Secratory •Mensturation 21
- 22. Hormones Involved Hypothalamus hormones •GNRH Pituitaryhormones •FSH: follicle stimulating hormone •LH: luteinizing hormone Ovarian hormones •Estrogen •Progesterone 22
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- 26. Male Internal organ •Hasthree parts 1. The testes 2. The genital ducts 3. The accessory glands 26
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- 29. 2. The GenitalDucts •Seminiferous tubules • Site for spermatozoa production •Epididymis • Cord-like structure at the back of testes • Each connected to one of the vas deference • Place for sperm maturation •Vas-deferens • A passage and storage place for sperm • Each ends at the base of prostate, joined by the seminal vesicle •Ejaculatory duct • Tract transports sperm •Urethra 29
- 30. The accessory glands •Providethe bulk of semen Seminal vesicle •Secretes fluid (Fructose and prostaglandins) that nourishes and enables sperm to move Prostate gland •Secretes an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidity Bulbo-urethral (Cowper’s) glands •Secretes a lubricant Semen = A combination of sperm & fluid 30
- 31. Summery •Identify the differentparts of the female and male reproductive organs in relation to FP •Describe relevant physiology of reproductive organs in relation to FP •Review relevant anatomical issues of importance in conducting a proper genital examination during provision of contraception 31
- 32.