Feed storage and feed evaluation
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The document discusses feed conversion ratio (FCR) and its calculation and application in aquaculture and livestock. FCR is calculated as feed given divided by animal weight gain, with no units. A lower FCR indicates higher weight gain from the feed. For dairy cows specifically, feed efficiency is calculated as energy-corrected milk divided by dry matter intake, which can be difficult to obtain on many dairy operations.
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Supplementary-Fish-Feed
• Fish needs some extra feed
along
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natural feeds in water for
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• This extra feed which are
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supplementary feed of fish.
Rice bran
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Nutritional energetics
Fish require energy for various life processes like maintenance, growth, and reproduction. Their metabolic rate depends on water temperature, so they eat more in summer than winter. Energy from food is used for maintenance, activity, tissue synthesis, and other processes. Intake energy from food is partitioned, with some lost in feces, urine, gills, and scales, while metabolizable energy is available for metabolic processes and retained energy is stored or used to produce gametes. Factors like body size, oxygen availability, temperature, osmoregulation, and stress impact how energy from food is partitioned in fish.
Fish nutrition and feed technology 4th sem (full sylabus)
This document discusses fish nutrition and feed technology. It covers fundamentals of fish nutrition including the importance of proper nutrition for fish farming. Fish require proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals for healthy growth. Energy is also essential and is derived from dietary nutrients. The document outlines various forms of energy partitioning in fish and methods of energy metabolism. It discusses laws of thermodynamics and units of energy measurement. Feed formulation involves balancing protein, energy and amino acid levels. The steps in feed formulation include initial protein and energy balancing, checking indispensable amino acid levels, and consideration of additives.
FISH FEED FORMULATION & PROCESSING.
This document discusses feed formulation and processing. Feed formulation involves combining ingredients to meet animal production goals in a balanced, palatable, and stable manner. The formulation process considers available local ingredients, nutrient contents, animal requirements, and physical limitations. Feed processing alters ingredients physically and sometimes chemically to improve utilization, mixing, and stability. Key processing steps include weighing, grinding, mixing, autoclaving, pelletizing, drying, packaging, and storage. The overall goal is to produce a cost-effective feed that meets regional animal nutritional needs.
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This document discusses the various ingredients that are used in fish and crustacean feeds. It outlines 10 main categories of ingredients: 1) grasses, 2) legumes, 3) miscellaneous fodder plants, 4) root crops, 5) cereals, 6) oil-bearing seeds and oil cakes, 7) animal products, 8) milk by-products, 9) eggs, and 10) miscellaneous feed stuffs. Within each category, it provides examples of specific ingredients and highlights their nutritional composition and value as aquaculture feed ingredients.
Integrated farming
This document discusses integrated fish farming systems which involve raising fish along with crops and livestock. There are two main types - aquaculture-agriculture integration and aquaculture-livestock integration. For aquaculture-agriculture integration, common approaches include fish-rice, fish-azolla, fish-horticulture, and fish-sericulture systems. For aquaculture-livestock integration, integrating fish with ducks, cattle, poultry, pigs, goats, and rabbits is discussed. The document provides details on stocking densities and production levels for different integrated fish farming approaches.
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This document discusses fish nutrition and feeding practices for intensive fish production. It addresses the essential nutrients fish require, including protein, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. The appropriate protein levels needed vary depending on fish size, quality of protein source, and culture method. Feeding practices, such as determining feed rates and sizes, are important to maximize growth rates while maintaining good water quality. Proper nutrition management is key to the economic success of intensive fish farming operations.
Recommended
Supplementary-Fish-Feed
• Fish needs some extra feed
along
with
available
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their regular growth.
• This extra feed which are
provided to fish is called
supplementary feed of fish.
Rice bran
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Nutritional energetics
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This document discusses feed formulation and processing. Feed formulation involves combining ingredients to meet animal production goals in a balanced, palatable, and stable manner. The formulation process considers available local ingredients, nutrient contents, animal requirements, and physical limitations. Feed processing alters ingredients physically and sometimes chemically to improve utilization, mixing, and stability. Key processing steps include weighing, grinding, mixing, autoclaving, pelletizing, drying, packaging, and storage. The overall goal is to produce a cost-effective feed that meets regional animal nutritional needs.
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Feed Ingredients
This document discusses the various ingredients that are used in fish and crustacean feeds. It outlines 10 main categories of ingredients: 1) grasses, 2) legumes, 3) miscellaneous fodder plants, 4) root crops, 5) cereals, 6) oil-bearing seeds and oil cakes, 7) animal products, 8) milk by-products, 9) eggs, and 10) miscellaneous feed stuffs. Within each category, it provides examples of specific ingredients and highlights their nutritional composition and value as aquaculture feed ingredients.
Integrated farming
This document discusses integrated fish farming systems which involve raising fish along with crops and livestock. There are two main types - aquaculture-agriculture integration and aquaculture-livestock integration. For aquaculture-agriculture integration, common approaches include fish-rice, fish-azolla, fish-horticulture, and fish-sericulture systems. For aquaculture-livestock integration, integrating fish with ducks, cattle, poultry, pigs, goats, and rabbits is discussed. The document provides details on stocking densities and production levels for different integrated fish farming approaches.
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This document discusses fish nutrition and feeding practices for intensive fish production. It addresses the essential nutrients fish require, including protein, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. The appropriate protein levels needed vary depending on fish size, quality of protein source, and culture method. Feeding practices, such as determining feed rates and sizes, are important to maximize growth rates while maintaining good water quality. Proper nutrition management is key to the economic success of intensive fish farming operations.
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Ppt on feed formulation
This document discusses factors to consider when formulating fish feeds, including the nutrient requirements of different fish species. It explains that fish can be herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, or detritivores depending on their diets. The main nutrients required in fish feeds are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Acceptable protein sources include fish meal and soymeal, while lipid sources include fish and plant oils. Carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals also must be included in proper amounts. The document stresses that feed formulations should be tailored to local availability and fish species' specific needs.
Natural fish seed collection
Transport of hatchlings, fry, and fingerlings is common in aquaculture. Proper techniques involve understanding fish physiology and mortality causes during transport. Seed can be collected from wild or hatcheries. Major carps are collected from flooded rivers during monsoon season. Seed from estuaries and coastal waters include milkfish, mullets, pearlspot, and seabass. Bundhs are seasonal flooded areas that stimulate breeding. Induced spawning techniques breed species that don't spawn in captivity using hormones. Transport uses open or closed oxygenated systems. Factors causing mortality are oxygen depletion, waste accumulation, temperature fluctuations, and stress. Anaesthetics and antibiotics are used to reduce stress and prevent disease.
Nutritional requirement of cultivable fin fish: larvae, juveniles and adults
Fish is among the healthiest foods on the planet. It is loaded with important nutrients, such as protein and vitamin D. Fish is also the world's best source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are incredibly important for human body and brain.
Manufactured feeds are an important part of modern commercial aquaculture, providing the balanced nutrition needed by farmed fish.
In the development of modern aquaculture, starting in the 1970s, fishmeal and fish oil were key components of the feeds for these species. They are combined with other ingredients such as vegetable proteins, cereal grains, vitamins and minerals and formed into feed pellets.
The global supply of fish meal and fish oil is finite and fully utilized. Alternative or nontraditional feedstuffs may differ in terms of taste, smell, texture, and color, as well as nutrient composition, from the traditional feedstuffs, which are produced largely from the natural prey of the fish being raised. Alternative feedstuffs may also contain compounds and antinutritional factors that affect digestive or sensory physiology.
Another important area of fish nutrition for the next 20 years will be larval fish nutrition. Currently, the cost and difficulty of rearing a great number of species from the first feeding to the juvenile stage are the most severe bottlenecks to the development of aquaculture production of nontraditional species.
INTEGRATED FISH FARMING & MANAGEMENT
The principle of integrated fish farming involves farming of fish along with livestock or/and agricultural crops.. This type of farming offers great efficiency in resource utilization, as waste or by product from one system is
effectively recycled. It also enables effective utilization of available farming space for maximizing production.
•The rising cost of protein-rich fish food and chemical fertilizers
as well as the general concern for energy conservation have created awareness in the utilization of rice and other crop fields and livestock wastes for fish culture. Fish culture in combination with agriculture or livestock is a unique and lucrative venture and provides a higher farm income, makes available a cheap source of protein for the
rural population, increases productivity on small land-holdings
and increases the supply of feeds for the farm livestock.
Scope of Integrated Fish Farming
The scope of integrated farming is considerably
wide. Ducks and geese are raised in pond, and pond- dykes are used for horticultural and agricultural
crop products and animal rearing.
The system provides meat, milk, eggs, fruits,
vegetables, mushroom, fodder and grains, in
addition to fish.
Hence this system provides better production, provides more employment, and improves socio- economic status of farmers and betterment of rural economy.
Classification of Integrated Fish Farming
Integrated fish farming can be broadly classified into two, namely Agriculture-fish and Livestock-fish systems
Agriculture-fish systems- Agri-based systems include rice-fish integration,
horticulture-fish system, mushroom- fish system, seri-fish system.
Livestock-fish systems- Livestock-fish system includes cattle-fish system, system, pig-fish system, poultry-fish system, duck-fish system, goat-fish system, rabbit-fish system.
Types of feed
the presentation provides details regarding the natural and artificial feeds of fishes, purified and semipurified diets, feeds based on the moisture contents, the larval feeds including the most recent spray dried and vacuumdried feeds, microparticulate diets, the microencapsulated, the microcoated and the microbound diets, microextruded marumerisation, and particle associated rotated agglomeration
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TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt. A. P
Phone: 9010705687
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Ornamental fish breeding
The document discusses the global ornamental fish trade and breeding of popular species. It provides details on the production of egg-laying fish like goldfish and angel fish which require different care depending on parental behaviors. Methods for breeding live-bearing fish such as guppies, platies, swordtails and mollies are also outlined, noting internal fertilization and live birth of young.
Carp hatchery
This document discusses techniques for induced breeding of carp species in hatcheries. It describes the collection of pituitary glands from brood fish and injection of hormones like HCG to stimulate breeding. After conditioning, brood fish are weighed and injected, then placed in hapas or tanks. Water temperature between 25-28°C and oxygen levels of 5-9 mg/L promote successful spawning. Eggs are incubated in glass jars or Chinese circular hatcheries consisting of overhead tanks, spawning tanks, incubation tanks, and receiving tanks, and fry are reared in earthen ponds.
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Fish have more efficient feed conversion ratios than land animals like cows and pigs due to their biology and environment. Fish feeds are more concentrated in nutrients than feeds for land animals. A balanced nutrition mix for fish includes protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Proper storage, water quality factors like oxygen, temperature, pH, alkalinity, hardness, ammonia, nitrite, and salinity are important for fish health. Routine water testing and monitoring of these factors is necessary in aquaculture.
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Viral diseases that commonly infect fishes include viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), spring viraemia of carp (SVC), channel catfish virus (CCV), and infectious hematopoietic necrosis. These viruses are transmitted between fishes through water and infected eggs. Diseased fishes show symptoms like hemorrhaging, skin discoloration, organ damage, and abnormal swimming behaviors. Diagnosis involves virus isolation, antibody tests, and PCR. There are no treatments, so prevention focuses on hygiene, quarantine, avoiding stress, and inactivating viruses in the environment.
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CAGE CULTURE
Cage culture involves raising fish in mesh boxes placed in bodies of water. It originated in Cambodia about 200 years ago when cages were used to transport live fish to market. Cages are constructed with frames made of wood, plastic or steel, with floats to keep them buoyant and weights to anchor them. They come in various shapes and sizes, usually square or rectangular, and are 20-60 cubic meters. Cages are either fixed in flowing water, floating in lakes/rivers/offshore, or submerged and movable in areas prone to cyclones. Fish are fed through natural water movement and supplemental feeding of rice bran, fish meal and soybean cake. Fish production ranges from 3,000-25,000 kg
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Fish is among the healthiest foods on the planet. It is loaded with important nutrients, such as protein and vitamin D. Fish is also the world's best source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are incredibly important for human body and brain.
Manufactured feeds are an important part of modern commercial aquaculture, providing the balanced nutrition needed by farmed fish.
In the development of modern aquaculture, starting in the 1970s, fishmeal and fish oil were key components of the feeds for these species. They are combined with other ingredients such as vegetable proteins, cereal grains, vitamins and minerals and formed into feed pellets.
The global supply of fish meal and fish oil is finite and fully utilized. Alternative or nontraditional feedstuffs may differ in terms of taste, smell, texture, and color, as well as nutrient composition, from the traditional feedstuffs, which are produced largely from the natural prey of the fish being raised. Alternative feedstuffs may also contain compounds and antinutritional factors that affect digestive or sensory physiology.
Another important area of fish nutrition for the next 20 years will be larval fish nutrition. Currently, the cost and difficulty of rearing a great number of species from the first feeding to the juvenile stage are the most severe bottlenecks to the development of aquaculture production of nontraditional species.
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The principle of integrated fish farming involves farming of fish along with livestock or/and agricultural crops.. This type of farming offers great efficiency in resource utilization, as waste or by product from one system is
effectively recycled. It also enables effective utilization of available farming space for maximizing production.
•The rising cost of protein-rich fish food and chemical fertilizers
as well as the general concern for energy conservation have created awareness in the utilization of rice and other crop fields and livestock wastes for fish culture. Fish culture in combination with agriculture or livestock is a unique and lucrative venture and provides a higher farm income, makes available a cheap source of protein for the
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The scope of integrated farming is considerably
wide. Ducks and geese are raised in pond, and pond- dykes are used for horticultural and agricultural
crop products and animal rearing.
The system provides meat, milk, eggs, fruits,
vegetables, mushroom, fodder and grains, in
addition to fish.
Hence this system provides better production, provides more employment, and improves socio- economic status of farmers and betterment of rural economy.
Classification of Integrated Fish Farming
Integrated fish farming can be broadly classified into two, namely Agriculture-fish and Livestock-fish systems
Agriculture-fish systems- Agri-based systems include rice-fish integration,
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This document discusses fish feeding, including feed quality, storage, feeding correctly, selection, amount estimation, administering feed, feeding methods, frequency, response, assessing response, training fish, and managing wastes. Key points covered include the objectives of maximum growth, good health, and minimum waste; factors that influence feed quality like nutrients, processing, and storage; estimating feeding amounts based on fish size and weight; adjusting feeding based on monitoring and response; and techniques like hand feeding, demand feeders, and avoiding overfeeding.
Nutritional bioenergetics in fish
The study of the flow and transformation of energy in and between living organisms and their environment”
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Govt. Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt. A. P
Phone: 9010705687
Concept of culture in fisheries
Fish culture is classified based on the number of fish species as monoculture and polyculture. This is the culture of single species of fish in a pond or tank. The culture of trout, tilapia, catfish , carps are typical examples of monoculture.
Criteria for selection of fish species.ppt
The document outlines important criteria for selecting fish species for aquaculture, including fast growth rate, ability to feed on natural or artificial diets, disease resistance, ability to tolerate environmental changes, and support high population densities. It provides details on commonly cultured species in Pakistan like various carps, silver carp, grass carp, tilapia, and trout. For each species, it lists key characteristics such as physical features, temperature preferences, feeding behaviors, growth rates, breeding periods, and geographic distributions.
Ornamental fish breeding
The document discusses the global ornamental fish trade and breeding of popular species. It provides details on the production of egg-laying fish like goldfish and angel fish which require different care depending on parental behaviors. Methods for breeding live-bearing fish such as guppies, platies, swordtails and mollies are also outlined, noting internal fertilization and live birth of young.
Carp hatchery
This document discusses techniques for induced breeding of carp species in hatcheries. It describes the collection of pituitary glands from brood fish and injection of hormones like HCG to stimulate breeding. After conditioning, brood fish are weighed and injected, then placed in hapas or tanks. Water temperature between 25-28°C and oxygen levels of 5-9 mg/L promote successful spawning. Eggs are incubated in glass jars or Chinese circular hatcheries consisting of overhead tanks, spawning tanks, incubation tanks, and receiving tanks, and fry are reared in earthen ponds.
Fish Nutrition
Fish have more efficient feed conversion ratios than land animals like cows and pigs due to their biology and environment. Fish feeds are more concentrated in nutrients than feeds for land animals. A balanced nutrition mix for fish includes protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Proper storage, water quality factors like oxygen, temperature, pH, alkalinity, hardness, ammonia, nitrite, and salinity are important for fish health. Routine water testing and monitoring of these factors is necessary in aquaculture.
viral disease
Viral diseases that commonly infect fishes include viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), spring viraemia of carp (SVC), channel catfish virus (CCV), and infectious hematopoietic necrosis. These viruses are transmitted between fishes through water and infected eggs. Diseased fishes show symptoms like hemorrhaging, skin discoloration, organ damage, and abnormal swimming behaviors. Diagnosis involves virus isolation, antibody tests, and PCR. There are no treatments, so prevention focuses on hygiene, quarantine, avoiding stress, and inactivating viruses in the environment.
Mud crab
The document provides information about the mud crab (Scylla serrata), including its classification, distribution, ecology, and methods for farming and hatchery management. It notes that mud crabs are found naturally in the Indo-Pacific region and are an economically important species. Mud crab farming can be done using grow-out systems, where young crabs are raised for 5-6 months until market size, or fattening systems, where soft-shelled crabs are raised for a shorter period. Hatchery management involves broodstock selection and care, spawning and larval rearing techniques, and achieving survival rates as high as 18.1% compared to the world average of 3-3.5
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This document discusses feed formulation and feeding standards for ruminants like cows, buffaloes, goats, and sheep. It begins by defining key terms like dry matter, total digestible nutrients, and digestible crude protein. It then discusses feed formulation methods like Pearson Square and describes calculating nutrient requirements for different purposes like maintenance, milk production, reproduction, and growth. Feeding standards from different countries are classified by type. Nutrient requirements are provided for cattle, buffaloes, goats and sheep for various life stages and functions. The document concludes by providing examples of ration formulation based on animal nutrient requirements and feed nutrient values.
Amino news volume 14 numero 1 augusto 2010 energy
The document discusses approaches for determining and managing the metabolizable energy content of poultry feed ingredients. It compares values obtained from biological assays or prediction equations, noting that prediction equations need cautious use as values can differ significantly from tables. A method is proposed to use equations to adjust energy values in tables, allowing for more sustainable use of ingredient energy. Factors like feedstuff composition, anti-nutrients, bird age, and inclusion level can influence energy values.
Amino news volume 14 numero 1 august 2010
Metabolizable energy of raw materials.
A comparison of values obtained either from chick assays or prediction equations for poultry.
1. Friday Monogastric Sessions dr dean boyd hanor group usa - recently adopte...
This document provides an overview of recently adopted nutrition concepts in North America presented by R. Dean Boyd. Key points include:
1) Feeding essential fatty acids like linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid to lactating sows to improve reproductive efficiency under heat stress.
2) The increased adoption of net energy systems over metabolizable energy in North America to improve diet formulation accuracy.
3) Strategies to improve pig viability like feeding xylanase and controlling lipid peroxidation in diets, which can impact health and performance.
4) Expanded use of synthetic amino acids in swine diets including newer additions like L-histidine and L-arginine.
FEED 2.0 - MORE THAN JUST A NUTRITION DELIVERY SYSTEM
An overview of swine feed advancements and how they solve problems for today’s producer and the larger global protein crisis
Rumensin a new feed additive for feedlot cattle
This article summarizes six common rabbit diseases: pasteurellosis, hepatic coccidiosis, cysticercosis (Taenia pisiformis), ear canker, sore hocks, and malocclusion. Pasteurellosis is caused by Pasteurella multocida and is a highly contagious disease of rabbits worldwide. Hepatic coccidiosis is caused by a protozoan parasite, Eimeria stiedae, that infects the liver. Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm, Taenia pisiformis. Ear canker is a chronic bacterial infection of the ear canal. Sore hocks is a
Comparative Study of Feeding Different Levels of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa)...
Comparative Study of Feeding Different Levels of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa)...BRNSS Publication Hub
The present work was aimed to determine the comparative effect of feeding different levels of black cumin
on growth, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of COBB-500 broiler. Three hundred and twenty, daysold straight run COBB-500 chicks from a lot of the same hatch were brooded in an electrically operated
battery brooder for a period of 7 days, where pre-experimental diet was offered. On the 8th day, chicks
having uniform body weight were randomly allocated into four dietary treatments with four replications
(20 chicks in each). The isoproteinous and isocaloric formulated standard starter (1–10 days), grower
(11–20 days), and finisher (21–42 days) diets were supplemented with different levels of black cumin of
T1 – control, T2 – 0.25% black cumin, T3 – 0.5% black cumin, and T4 – 0.75% black cumin, respectively.
The chicks were offered ad libitum treatment diets and clean drinking water. The desired data were
recorded weekly, which included live weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of
broiler birds. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis under completely randomized design
as per the methods of MSTAT. Final live weight of the birds was found highly significant (P < 0.01) for
all treatment groups. Highest final weight gain (2244.59 g) was found in birds fed ration supplemented
with 0.5% black cumin. Daily live weight of the birds was also found highly significant (P < 0.01) for all
treatment groups. Highest daily live weight gain (60.27 g) was found in birds fed ration supplemented
with 0.5% black cumin. Supplementation of black cumin in the broiler rations did not exhibit any
significant effect (P > 0.05) on the total feed consumption. Feed conversion ratio was found significantly
different (P < 0.01) for all treatment groups. It is, therefore, concluded that inclusion of black cumin in
the broiler rations could be economical and efficient production of broilersInduced Lactation in Non pregnant Cows: Profitability and Response to Bovine ...
Significant culling of high-producing cows with low fertility reduces profitability of dairy farms as those cows are replaced with heifers.
Induced lactation of non pregnant cows may be a management alternative to increase profits.
Adding replacement heifers to the milking string is one of the largest costs of dairy farming.
There is potential to increase income by reducing the number of heifers raised or by selling excess heifers.
An improved method to induce non pregnant cows into lactation could return to production valuable healthy cows that would otherwise be culled and at the same time decrease the need for replacement heifers.
Factors Affecting Feed Intake in Poultry.
This document discusses many factors that can affect feed intake in poultry, including management and environmental factors, feed and water factors, and physical body factors of the birds. Management factors like flock size, stocking rate, temperature, and lighting can all impact feed intake and efficiency. Feed-related factors such as the physical form of feed, feed flavor, and anti-nutritional factors also influence intake. Physical characteristics of the birds' bodies, including gastrointestinal tract size, taste buds, genes and hormones, and feather cover are correlated with feed consumption levels as well. The document provides examples and studies demonstrating the effects of these various factors.
Evaluation of heat treated small ruminants dropping as an alternative feedstu...
This study evaluated heat-treated small ruminant droppings (SRD) as an alternative feedstuff in weanling pig diets. 144 crossbred piglets were fed one of four diets: a control diet with 0% SRD or test diets with 10%, 30%, or 50% SRD. Results showed SRD contains protein, fat, fiber and ash. Feed intake increased with SRD level, while weight gain and protein efficiency decreased at 30-50% SRD. Carcass characteristics were unaffected except for thigh weight. Digestibility of nutrients improved in test diets compared to control. The study concludes SRD is a potential feedstuff for pigs up to 50% dietary level.
Improving dairy cow performance with fiber-degrading enzymes
The document summarizes several studies that examined the effects of adding fiber-degrading enzymes to dairy cow feed. The studies found mixed results, with some showing improved feed efficiency from lower intake without affecting milk production. Others found reduced efficiency or no effects. Effects on body weight and reserves were also negligible in most studies. The inconsistency may be due to differences in diet composition and enzyme dosage. More research is needed to identify optimal uses of these enzymes for dairy production.
Leach Bulletin112 milk from forage
This document discusses milk from forage (MFF), which is an indicator of dairy farm performance, and summarizes research on MFF levels achieved on organic dairy farms in the UK. High MFF is desirable as it reduces reliance on purchased feed and improves economic returns. Case studies of four organic farms found to have above average MFF show that good MFF can be achieved through various management approaches, including rotational grazing, mixed forage diets, and attention to forage quality. Common features included cross-breeding cows and aiming to breed for robustness over milk production. MFF levels varied considerably across organic farms in the UK, indicating potential for improvement on many farms.
Holsteins mobilize more energy
The document discusses differences in energy balance and feed efficiency between Holstein and Jersey cows. It finds that Holsteins mobilize more body tissue reserves during early lactation compared to Jerseys. As a result, Holsteins appear more feed efficient early in lactation since they are deriving more energy from tissue mobilization. However, Jerseys remain in negative energy balance for a shorter period and to a lesser extent. Jerseys also allocate proportionally more energy to milk production and less to growth during their first lactation compared to Holsteins. Overall, the document concludes that differences in tissue mobilization and growth energy requirements could explain some interbreed variations observed in feed efficiency.
35
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of different levels of protexin probiotic supplementation in the diets of male geese on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters. 98 male geese were fed diets with 0, 50, 75, or 100 g/ton of protexin probiotic and evaluated at days 15, 30, and 45. Probiotic supplementation significantly improved weight gain and feed efficiency but did not affect feed intake. Carcass and breast weights were also higher with probiotic. Blood parameters like cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus, and total protein were unaffected. In conclusion, protexin probiotic improved growth performance and carcass yield in male geese.
Nutritional Strategies to Economize Cost of Production in Dairy Animals
This document discusses strategies to economize the cost of dairy animal production through improved feeding practices. It discusses formulating least cost rations and total mixed rations to fully meet animal nutritional needs at lowest cost. Unconventional feeds like agro-industrial byproducts and hydroponic fodder can further reduce costs. Compound cattle feed, urea treatment of straw, complete feed blocks and urea molasses mineral blocks are also recommended. Feeding area specific mineral mixtures and processed feeds can optimize nutrition. Overall, the strategies aim to improve feed efficiency and lower feeding costs which are major expenses in dairy production.
HOD POWER.pptx
This study aims to evaluate the effects of supplementing multi-fibrous diets with the enzyme FACZYME on the performance, morphometric traits, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles of weaned rabbits. Twenty-four rabbits will be assigned to one of four dietary treatments containing different levels of FACZYME supplementation and evaluated over eight weeks. Growth performance, morphometric traits, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and blood parameters will be measured and statistically analyzed. The results of this study could provide information on how FACZYME supplementation impacts the health and productivity of rabbits fed multi-fibrous diets.
Azb3 11402534
Comparative Effect of Different Commercial Herbal Growth Promotors on Performance, Minor Body Parts Weight and Immune Responce in Broilers
Will feeding fiber-degrading enzymes pay?
Lower milk prices and higher feed costs are prompting dairy producers to look for alternatives to improve feed efficiency. Fiber-degrading enzymes added to dairy cow rations aim to improve energy availability from forages by breaking down fiber. While responses have been variable, feeding fiber-degrading enzymes has generally been associated with increased dry matter intake and milk production. The enzymes may improve palatability or speed fiber breakdown and passage rate. Higher production costs have renewed interest in enzymes, but effectiveness, price, and economic conditions will determine if they become routine.
impact of crude protein on growth of calves
different levels of crude proteins are used to study how crude protein elevation effect growth......proposal for thesis :)
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FEED 2.0 - MORE THAN JUST A NUTRITION DELIVERY SYSTEM
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Comparative Study of Feeding Different Levels of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa)...
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Evaluation of heat treated small ruminants dropping as an alternative feedstu...
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Improving dairy cow performance with fiber-degrading enzymes
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More from SHUBHAM PATIDAR FISHERIES ADDAA
INTEGRATED FISH FARMING
Integrated fish farming systems refer to the production, integrated management and comprehensive use of aquaculture, agriculture and livestock, with an emphasis on aquaculture. Asia has a long and rich history of integrated fish farming. Written records from the first and second centuries B.C. documented the integration of aquatic plant cultivation and fish farming. From the ninth century, records showed fish farming in the paddy field. From the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries, there were records of rotation of fish and grass culture; and by the 1620s, the mulberry-dike fishpond, the integration of fish and livestock farming and complex systems of multiple enterprises integrated with fish farming were developed. Integrated fish farming is the methods by which fish is cultured along with paddy, piggery, poultry or any livestock, or flower culture.
Fish Hatchery Management for Maintaining the Genetic Quality
Fish Hatchery Management for Maintaining the Genetic Quality
Artificial propagation of fish species in hatcheries has been conducted on a large scale for several decades
In recent years, conservation hatcheries aims not only to produce fish for supplementing wild populations but also to preserve the genetic diversity and integrity of threatened or endangered species
Important considerations are maximizing genetic diversity and effective
population size while minimizing inbreeding and adaptation to captivity
Objective
To maintain the genetic diversity, effective population size and to minimize inbreeding
CRAB AND LOBSTER CULTURE
This document discusses mud crab and lobster culture in India. It provides information on the four main species of mud crabs found in the Indo-Pacific region - Scylla serrata, S. olivacea, S. tranquebarica, and S. paramamosain. Mud crab farming is done commercially using grow-out and fattening methods in ponds. Three commercially important lobster species for India are also described - Panulirus polyphagus, P. homarus, and P. ornatus. Their life cycles and biology are summarized. Lobster farming can be done by growing juveniles in ponds to market size or fattening medium sized lobsters. Optimal water
Cage Culture of Grouper and Cobia
Groupers belongs to the family Serranidae.
⚫ Groupers are classified in 14 genera of the subfamily Epinephelinae, which comprises at least half the approximately 449 species in the family Serranidae.
⚫ Several grouper species have been raised on a commercial scale, but mostly by growing out captured wild juveniles.
CAGE CULTURE
cage-culture
Culture of fishes in meshed boxes placed in water is called cage culture.
It is an intensive method of aquaculture.
Cage culture is practiced in areas where there is sufficient water movement.
It is done in river, lakes, estuaries & seas.
ASIAN SEABASS CULTURE
Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) is an important species for aquaculture in Southeast Asia. It can be cultured in both freshwater and saltwater. Major issues in sea bass culture include cannibalism in young stages, dependence on high protein feed sources, and unpredictable wild fry availability. Sea bass nursery rearing is typically done in earthen ponds, concrete tanks, or net cages with fry stocked at high densities. Grow-out is usually done in ponds or cages at lower stocking densities, feeding on trash fish. Sea bass polyculture with tilapia is also common, with sea bass reaching market size of 600g within 4-5 months.
BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION OF CATFISH
This document provides information on the breeding and seed production of various catfish and trout species that have potential for aquaculture in India. For most species, captive broodstock are raised and induced to breed using hormones. Eggs are hatched and larvae reared with live feeds before weaning onto formulated feeds. Breeding technologies have been adopted to produce seed for farming of species such as magur, singi, pabdah catfish and rainbow trout. Overall, the document outlines best practices for induced breeding, hatchery and nursery rearing of important fish species.
WETLANDS
Wetlands are... areas where a water table is at, near, or just above the surface
and where soils are water-saturated for a sufficient length of time such that excess
water and resulting low soil oxygen levels are principal determinants of vegetation
and soil development. wetlands will have a relative abundance of obligate
hydrophytes in the vegetation community and soils featuring “hydric” characteristics.
BIOFERTILIZERS (AZOLLA FARMING)
The term 'Biofertilizer' itself means 'Live
Fertilizer'.
contain live or latent beneficial microbes
which help to fix atmospheric nitrogen,
solubilize
and
mobilize
phosphorus,
translocate minor elements (Zinc, Copper,
etc.,) to the plants, produce plant growth
promoting hormones, vitamins, amino acids
and control plant pathogenic fungi
FISH HEALTH MANAGEMENT (ALL FISH DISEASE)
This document provides information on fish health management including:
- Common bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal diseases affecting fish and shrimp, along with the causative pathogens. Examples include vibriosis, edwardsiellosis, saprolegniasis, and monodon baculovirus disease.
- Nutritional diseases in fish due to deficiencies of proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals.
- The nonspecific and specific immune defenses of fish, including antibodies, T cells, B cells, and memory cells.
- Methods for diagnosing diseases, including PCR, RT-PCR, and ELISA.
AQUACULTURE FEED BY Dr. R.PAULRAJ
This document summarizes an aquaculture feed manual published in 1993. It discusses the importance of feed in aquaculture and factors that affect feed design, production, and feeding. Key nutrients like energy, protein, amino acids, lipids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals are explained in terms of their roles and requirements in fish and prawn nutrition. Ingredients of animal and plant origin used in feed formulation are described along with processing methods. Feeding strategies like rate, frequency, particle size are also covered.
SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES AND RESPONSIBLE AQUACULTURE
This document provides a guide for USAID staff and partners on designing programs to reform capture fisheries and aquaculture sectors. It aims to ensure environmental sustainability, economic profitability, and social responsibility. The guide emphasizes reducing threats to biodiversity and ecosystem productivity through improved governance and more integrated management practices. Well-designed programs can reform fisheries and aquaculture to reduce environmental and social impacts while increasing productivity, incomes, and livelihoods. The guide addresses key questions on how to design, implement, and evaluate responsible fisheries and aquaculture programs.
ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADING, OPPORTUNITIES, ACCESSORIES,WATER PARAMETERS
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
ORNAMENTAL FISHERIES A TO Z INFORMATION.
This document provides information about ornamental fish culture and the ornamental fish industry. It discusses how ornamental fish keeping began as a hobby and has grown into a large international business. Key points include:
- Ornamental fish production is an important part of the aquaculture industry and global ornamental fish trade is estimated at over $14 billion.
- Over 1,800 species of ornamental fish are in the market, with over 1,000 from freshwater origins. Major suppliers include Singapore, Thailand, and Hong Kong.
- India's ornamental fish industry is small at 1% of global trade but is growing at 14% annually. Tamilnadu, Kerala and West Bengal are major producers.
ORNAMENTAL FISH DISEASE AND AERATOR, FILTERS, HEATERS.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like depression and anxiety.
ORNAMENTAL FISH BREEDING
This document discusses ornamental fish breeding in India. It notes that India's share of the global ornamental fish trade is very small at only 0.008%, and that 95% of exports are currently based on wild collection rather than breeding. To sustain growth, it argues that the focus needs to shift to culture-based development and mass breeding of the many species that can be successfully bred in India. The document provides details on the technology, species, management practices, and financial requirements for starting an ornamental fish breeding project.
ORNAMENTAL FISH FARM MANAGEMENT
Management of ornamental fish farm.
Pond fish keeping
Pond Construction
Sitting a pond
Site of a pond
Equipment
Stockings of pond with fish
Invertebrates and amphibians
Pond maintenance feeding
ORNAMENTAL FISH BREEDING OF EGG LAYING
Ornamental fish breeding Egg-scatterers Laying Non-adhesive Eggs:
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Feed storage and feed evaluation
- 1. Nanaji DeshmukH VETERINARY Science University Jabalpur Submittedto- Dr.r.p.s baghel Dr.ankur khare Submitted BY- Group – 5 SHASHANK BHARDWAJ SHUBHAM PATIDAR
- 13. The feed conversion ratio is an indicator that is commonly used in all types of farming, as well as in the field of research. It can provide a good indication of how efficient a feed or a feeding strategy can be. In the context of aquaculture, the F.C.R. is calculated as follows: F.C.R. = Feed given / Animal weight gain. In other words, the F.C.R. is the mathematical relationship between the input of the feed that has been fed and the weight gain of a population. There are no measurement units used in writing the F.C.R. The lower the F.C.R, the higher the weight gain obtained from the feed. When applied to aquatic animals.
- 14. This F.C.R is generally lower than that of land animals, as shown in the table below. Cont…
- 15. The livestock industry has used feed conversion ratio, feed conversion rate or feed conversion efficiency to measure an animal’s efficiency in converting feed mass into increased body mass. This has been used by the beef, poultry, swine and fish industries as a way to measure profitability. It is only recently that feed efficiency or dry matter intake efficiency has been used in monitoring the performance of dairy cattle. For dairy, it is a measure to determine the ability of lactating cows to turn feed nutrients into energy-corrected milk. It takes energy to not only produce the volume of milk but also the fat and protein in the milk.
- 16. For lactating dairy cows, feed efficiency equals energy-corrected milk divided by dry matter intake. Figure 1 shows a example calculation. The most difficult number to obtain in this equation is dry matter intake. As important as this number is, it is still very elusive on many dairy operations. How is feed efficiency calculated?