Effect of Herbal Medicine Supplementations (Arsilvon Super, Bedgen40 and Hepa-cure Herbal Medicines) on Growth Performance, Immunity and Haematological Profile in Broilers
The document compares the efficacy of three commercial herbal products (Livol, Livotal, Hepatopromoter) on the performance and immune response of broiler chickens. Supplementation of the herbal products significantly improved weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and lowered mortality compared to the control group without supplementation. While the herbal products did not significantly affect organ weights, they did significantly improve antibody titers against Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease viruses. Overall, supplementation with Hepatopromoter resulted in the highest broiler weight gain and profitability.
Assessment of the broilers performance, gut healthiness and carcass character...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract—The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the performance responses, guts healthiness, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed on formulated diets included dried coriander, turmeric and thyme. Unsexed commercially available chicks were enrolled into five experimental treatments each of eighty birds with four replicates per treatment. The birds were housed in deep litter clean pens. The experimental groups were as follow: Control; coriander; thyme; turmeric, and mixed. Two formulated diets (starter & finisher) to which all the dietary additives were added in a dried powdered form and at the level of 0.75% expect for the mixed group as each additive was used at level 0.25%. Performance parameters including weekly body development, body weights gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were recorded during the 35-d experimental period. Also, representative samples from each replicate were gathered for the detection of carcass traits, consumer acceptability, and the gut morphometric changes. The data revealed that coriander, and turmeric significantly (p<0.05) increased the villus heights and crypt depths as compared to control which is concomitant with the improvement of performance results when incorporated solely in broilers diet at 0.75% level , but consumer acceptability was lowered specifically for the turmeric –fed group.
Comparative Study of Feeding Different Levels of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa)...BRNSS Publication Hub
The present work was aimed to determine the comparative effect of feeding different levels of black cumin
on growth, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of COBB-500 broiler. Three hundred and twenty, daysold straight run COBB-500 chicks from a lot of the same hatch were brooded in an electrically operated
battery brooder for a period of 7 days, where pre-experimental diet was offered. On the 8th day, chicks
having uniform body weight were randomly allocated into four dietary treatments with four replications
(20 chicks in each). The isoproteinous and isocaloric formulated standard starter (1–10 days), grower
(11–20 days), and finisher (21–42 days) diets were supplemented with different levels of black cumin of
T1 – control, T2 – 0.25% black cumin, T3 – 0.5% black cumin, and T4 – 0.75% black cumin, respectively.
The chicks were offered ad libitum treatment diets and clean drinking water. The desired data were
recorded weekly, which included live weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of
broiler birds. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis under completely randomized design
as per the methods of MSTAT. Final live weight of the birds was found highly significant (P < 0.01) for
all treatment groups. Highest final weight gain (2244.59 g) was found in birds fed ration supplemented
with 0.5% black cumin. Daily live weight of the birds was also found highly significant (P < 0.01) for all
treatment groups. Highest daily live weight gain (60.27 g) was found in birds fed ration supplemented
with 0.5% black cumin. Supplementation of black cumin in the broiler rations did not exhibit any
significant effect (P > 0.05) on the total feed consumption. Feed conversion ratio was found significantly
different (P < 0.01) for all treatment groups. It is, therefore, concluded that inclusion of black cumin in
the broiler rations could be economical and efficient production of broilers
This research proposal aims to study the effects of different inclusion levels of alkali-treated pito mash on the hematological response of broilers. The researcher will feed broilers four different diets with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% inclusion levels of alkali-treated pito mash. Data on growth parameters, blood parameters, and economic costs and returns will be collected and analyzed. The results are intended to identify optimal inclusion levels of alkali-treated pito mash in broiler feed to improve performance while reducing feed costs.
Comparative Effect of Different Organic Acids (Benzoic, Acetic and Formic) on...My Own Business
Comparative Effect of Different Organic Acids (Benzoic, Acetic and Formic) on Growth Performance, Immune Response and Carcass Traits of Broilers
by Dr. Rashid Sohail
Effect of Herbal Medicine Supplementations (Arsilvon Super, Bedgen40 and Hepa-cure Herbal Medicines) on Growth Performance, Immunity and Haematological Profile in Broilers
The document compares the efficacy of three commercial herbal products (Livol, Livotal, Hepatopromoter) on the performance and immune response of broiler chickens. Supplementation of the herbal products significantly improved weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and lowered mortality compared to the control group without supplementation. While the herbal products did not significantly affect organ weights, they did significantly improve antibody titers against Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease viruses. Overall, supplementation with Hepatopromoter resulted in the highest broiler weight gain and profitability.
Assessment of the broilers performance, gut healthiness and carcass character...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract—The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the performance responses, guts healthiness, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed on formulated diets included dried coriander, turmeric and thyme. Unsexed commercially available chicks were enrolled into five experimental treatments each of eighty birds with four replicates per treatment. The birds were housed in deep litter clean pens. The experimental groups were as follow: Control; coriander; thyme; turmeric, and mixed. Two formulated diets (starter & finisher) to which all the dietary additives were added in a dried powdered form and at the level of 0.75% expect for the mixed group as each additive was used at level 0.25%. Performance parameters including weekly body development, body weights gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were recorded during the 35-d experimental period. Also, representative samples from each replicate were gathered for the detection of carcass traits, consumer acceptability, and the gut morphometric changes. The data revealed that coriander, and turmeric significantly (p<0.05) increased the villus heights and crypt depths as compared to control which is concomitant with the improvement of performance results when incorporated solely in broilers diet at 0.75% level , but consumer acceptability was lowered specifically for the turmeric –fed group.
Comparative Study of Feeding Different Levels of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa)...BRNSS Publication Hub
The present work was aimed to determine the comparative effect of feeding different levels of black cumin
on growth, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of COBB-500 broiler. Three hundred and twenty, daysold straight run COBB-500 chicks from a lot of the same hatch were brooded in an electrically operated
battery brooder for a period of 7 days, where pre-experimental diet was offered. On the 8th day, chicks
having uniform body weight were randomly allocated into four dietary treatments with four replications
(20 chicks in each). The isoproteinous and isocaloric formulated standard starter (1–10 days), grower
(11–20 days), and finisher (21–42 days) diets were supplemented with different levels of black cumin of
T1 – control, T2 – 0.25% black cumin, T3 – 0.5% black cumin, and T4 – 0.75% black cumin, respectively.
The chicks were offered ad libitum treatment diets and clean drinking water. The desired data were
recorded weekly, which included live weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of
broiler birds. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis under completely randomized design
as per the methods of MSTAT. Final live weight of the birds was found highly significant (P < 0.01) for
all treatment groups. Highest final weight gain (2244.59 g) was found in birds fed ration supplemented
with 0.5% black cumin. Daily live weight of the birds was also found highly significant (P < 0.01) for all
treatment groups. Highest daily live weight gain (60.27 g) was found in birds fed ration supplemented
with 0.5% black cumin. Supplementation of black cumin in the broiler rations did not exhibit any
significant effect (P > 0.05) on the total feed consumption. Feed conversion ratio was found significantly
different (P < 0.01) for all treatment groups. It is, therefore, concluded that inclusion of black cumin in
the broiler rations could be economical and efficient production of broilers
This research proposal aims to study the effects of different inclusion levels of alkali-treated pito mash on the hematological response of broilers. The researcher will feed broilers four different diets with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% inclusion levels of alkali-treated pito mash. Data on growth parameters, blood parameters, and economic costs and returns will be collected and analyzed. The results are intended to identify optimal inclusion levels of alkali-treated pito mash in broiler feed to improve performance while reducing feed costs.
Comparative Effect of Different Organic Acids (Benzoic, Acetic and Formic) on...My Own Business
Comparative Effect of Different Organic Acids (Benzoic, Acetic and Formic) on Growth Performance, Immune Response and Carcass Traits of Broilers
by Dr. Rashid Sohail
This document summarizes a study that investigated the associative effects of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes and probiotics on the performance, nutrient utilization, gut health, and economics of broilers fed sub-optimal energy diets. 150 broiler chicks were fed one of five diets: a standard diet, a basal diet with 225 kcal/kg less ME than the standard, or the basal diet supplemented with NSP enzymes, probiotics, or both. Supplementing the basal diet with NSP enzymes and probiotics significantly improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to the basal diet alone. Nutrient retention was also higher with supplementation. Gut pH, viscosity and E. coli counts decreased with supplementation,
Effects of fermented locust bean seed (pakia clapatoniana) as a replacement f...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated replacing full fat soybean meal with fermented locust bean seed in weaner rabbit diets. Twenty-four weaner rabbits were fed one of four experimental diets containing 0%, 25%, 50%, or 75% fermented locust bean seed replacement. Parameters measured included feed intake, weight gain, water intake, hematological parameters, and feed conversion ratio. Results showed that final weight, weight gain, feed intake, and water intake were significantly affected by diet. Feed conversion ratio and some hematological parameters were not significantly different. Diets with 25% and 50% replacement performed best, while over 75% replacement adversely affected performance. The study suggests fermented locust
A Study on Effect of Anti Toxic Nutrient (ATN) in productive and reproductive...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
This study investigated the effects of different levels of grape pomace on broiler chicken performance.
- 450 broiler chicks were fed either a control diet or diets with 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, or 15% grape pomace. Intake, weight gain, and feed conversion were measured during starter, grower, and finisher phases.
- Intake was not significantly affected by grape pomace except at the starter phase. Weight gain was highest for 3% pomace at the starter phase.
- Feed conversion was significantly better for the control and 3% pomace diets across phases. The 15% pomace diet had the worst feed conversion.
- In conclusion, low
Effects of feeding a saccharomyces cerevisiaeRahardi Gautama
1) The study evaluated the effects of feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation prototype without antibiotics on the performance, health and carcass characteristics of beef heifers compared to a control diet containing antibiotics.
2) 1,495 crossbred heifers were fed one of two diets - a control diet containing monensin, tylosin and direct-fed microbials, or a diet containing an Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation prototype without antibiotics.
3) There were no differences between the diets for growth performance, carcass characteristics, morbidity or mortality. Heifers fed the prototype diet had numerically fewer liver abscesses. Replacing antibiotics with the fermentation prototype
This document summarizes a presentation about probiotics in poultry nutrition. It discusses how single-strain probiotics often fail to reliably impact birds because they do not colonize the entire gastrointestinal tract or stay long after consumption stops. An effective probiotic should be multi-strain, species-specific, and well-positioned to colonize the whole GI tract, multiply faster, and be less eliminated. Trials demonstrate that the probiotic PoultryStar reduced issues like lameness, inflammation, and necrotic enteritis in poultry. The presentation provides information on selecting probiotic strains and applying probiotics in poultry to enhance immunity and gut health.
Growth Performance of Rats Maintained On Citrullus colocynthis Seed Coat-base...IOSR Journals
This study evaluated the growth performance of rats fed diets containing Citrullus colocynthis seed coat, which is usually discarded as agricultural waste. Forty-nine rats were divided into seven groups and fed one of seven experimental diets for six weeks: a control diet containing 100% corn starch, or diets containing 100% or 50% inclusion of raw, boiled, or autoclaved Citrullus colocynthis seed coat. The results showed that diets with 50% boiled or autoclaved seed coat did not significantly affect feed intake, weight gain, or other growth parameters, but significantly reduced metabolizable energy. Diets with 100% raw, boiled, or autoclaved seed coat, or
An experimental study was carried over a
period of 42 days using 160 day-old commercial broiler chicks
(Ven Cobb) to study the effect of copper and flavomycin as feed
additives on growth performance in broiler chicken. The birds
were divided into four groups with four replicates of ten chicks in
each replicate. The treatment (T1) was control with standard
broiler ration and Cu as CuSO4 at 100 ppm, 200 ppm and
flavomycin at 10 ppm were supplemented in the basal diet to
form treatment 2 (T2), treatment 3 (T3) and treatment 4 (T4)
respectively.
The chemical composition of T1, T2, T3 and T4 rations
contained 15.43, 106.49, 212.54 and 18.69 ppm of Cu in broiler
starter and 12.67, 101.13, 202.72 and 20.20 ppm of Cu in broiler
finisher, respectively. The results of the present study revealed
that the supplementation of Cu as CuSO4 (100 and 200 ppm) or
flavomycin (10 ppm) showed no significant difference among the
treatment groups with regard to the feed consumption, body
weight gain and feed conversion ratio up to six weeks of age. The
carcass weight, slaughter weight, dressing percentage and giblet
yield were not influenced by dietary supplementation of either
Cu or flavomycin. It was concluded that dietary supplementation
of broiler chicken with Cu up to 200 ppm and flavomycin at 10
ppm did not have any adverse effect on production performance
of broiler chicken.
This document discusses a study that evaluated factors affecting goat milk quality in three dairy goat farms in Bogor, Indonesia. The study found that the goat milk from the farms met Indonesian and Thai milk quality standards. Key factors influencing milk quantity and quality included goat breed and health, milking skills of farmers and employees, feed quality, and cleanliness of housing and environment. The main technical priority identified was improving livestock health conditions. The study also found that goat milk attributes of nutritional content, packaging size, and color met consumer satisfaction targets.
Evaluation of heat treated small ruminants dropping as an alternative feedstu...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated heat-treated small ruminant droppings (SRD) as an alternative feedstuff in weanling pig diets. 144 crossbred piglets were fed one of four diets: a control diet with 0% SRD or test diets with 10%, 30%, or 50% SRD. Results showed SRD contains protein, fat, fiber and ash. Feed intake increased with SRD level, while weight gain and protein efficiency decreased at 30-50% SRD. Carcass characteristics were unaffected except for thigh weight. Digestibility of nutrients improved in test diets compared to control. The study concludes SRD is a potential feedstuff for pigs up to 50% dietary level.
The document discusses various types of feed additives that are administered to animals and poultry to enhance nutrient effectiveness and digestion. It describes antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, antioxidants, emulsifiers, binders, organic acids, enzymes, phytogenics, and other additives. For each type, it provides examples and explains their modes of action, such as reducing pathogens, increasing nutrient absorption, and improving gut health. The document also notes that overuse of antibiotics as growth promoters can lead to antibiotic resistance.
Effects of Probiotics Feeding Technology on Weight Gain of Indigenous Chicken...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
This document discusses digestibility and factors that influence nutrient digestibility in fish. It defines digestibility coefficients and explains methods to determine digestibility directly by measuring intake and feces or indirectly using markers. Several ingredients were tested in different fish species to determine apparent digestibility coefficients. The document also outlines how protein, lipids, carbohydrates and other variables like temperature and salinity can impact digestibility. It concludes that fish are highly efficient at digesting protein but less so for carbohydrates, and more research is needed to better understand fish digestive physiology.
1) The document discusses various natural alternatives that can replace antibiotics in poultry feed, including probiotics, prebiotics, plant extracts, essential oils, and organic acids.
2) Probiotics are live microorganisms that can improve gut health, inhibit pathogens, and enhance immune function as alternatives to antibiotics for growth promotion.
3) Plant extracts contain active compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that have shown benefits for poultry performance and health when used as feed additives.
Performance Characteristics and Carcass Yield of Indigenous Turkeys Fed Indom...iosrjce
This study evaluated the performance of turkey poults fed indomie waste (IW) based-diet. A total of
one hundred and forty-four (144) local strain of turkey poults were allotted to four dietary treatments in which
indomie waste was used to replace maize at 0%, 33.33%, 66.67%, and 100% levels, representing treatments one
to four (T1- T4) respectively. Each treatment was replicated three times with 12 poults per replicate using the
Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The study lasted for eight weeks. The initial weights of the poults were
taken while the final weight record was taken at the end of the study. The feed intake record was taken daily and
computed as total feed consumed per bird at the end of the study while weight gain, feed conversion ratio and
feed cost were calculated. Three birds were randomly selected from each replicate for carcass and organ
evaluation and were expressed as percentages of the body weight. The result showed that the IW significantly
(p< 0.05) affected the average weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio. The cost of feed per kg
decreased with increasing levels of IW in the diet. Significant differences were not observed in the carcass and
organ except in the breast yield. The lowest cost of feed was obtained at 100% inclusion level. The reduction in
feed cost is an advantage to the farmer who desires low cost of production. It was evident that IW could be
incorporated into the diet of local strain of turkey poults up to 100% level without any deleterious effect on the
performance of the turkeys, however, the 66.67% replacement which led to higher final body weight and better
feed conversion is recommended.
This presentation was made in Sept 2010 at Manila during the Poultry show. Target audience were nutritionists , poultry consultants and feed manufacturers
Feed additives are ingredients added to animal feed to fulfill specific needs. The FDA regulates their use and new additives require clearance. Additives are used to alter animal metabolism, growth, pH, microflora and more. Major classes include growth promoters, medicines, hormones, and others like antioxidants. Common growth promoters are antibiotics and chemotherapeutics which work by inhibiting bacterial cell processes. Medicinal additives prevent issues like coccidiosis. Hormone-like additives can promote growth and milk production.
This document discusses the role of phytobiotics (plant derivatives) as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production. It summarizes research showing that liver tonics containing herbs like Andrographis paniculata, Eclipta alba, and Tinospora cordifolia can improve weight gain and feed conversion ratio in broilers. Studies found these phytobiotic liver tonics enhanced the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in broiler chickens. The document concludes that phytobiotic liver tonics are natural alternatives to antibiotics that can boost health and performance in poultry.
Zoo-technical performances of weaner rabbits fed Nutryzyme® supplemented dietsAI Publications
The study assessed the zoo-technical performances of weaner rabbits fed Nutrizyme supplement diets. This study aimed at determining the zoo-technical performances of the weaner rabbits fed Nutrizyme supplement diets while we specifically determined the zoo-technical performances, the apparent nutrient digestibility as well as the hematological and serum Biochemical of weaner rabbits fed Nutrizyme supplement diets. Eighteen rabbits were allotted into three dietary treatments with each having three replicates in a completely randomized design format. Each replicate (unit) housed two rabbits. The Nutrizyme powder was incorporated in the diets at 0, 125, and 250 ppm respectively. The parameters appraised include average daily feed intake, feed efficiency, average final weight and the heamatological and serum profiles. All data generated were subjected to analysis of variance using statistical packages for social sciences (SSPM) packages. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in the total weight, average daily weight, average daily feed intake as well as the feed efficiency. Rabbits fed diets 3 (250mg/kg Nutrizyme inclusion) had the best result in terms of the total weight (1068g), average daily (0.25), respectively. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in the digestibility of nutrients among the rabbits as indicated in the results. The crude protein digestibility improved with increased enzyme inclusion in the diets. Rabbits fed the control diet had the least nutrient digestibility. The heamoglobin concentrations, white blood cells and serum metabolites were not significantly influenced (p<0.05) by dietary treatments. The packed cell volumes (PCV) of 36.03 to 41.06% were within the normal values of 35 to 45%, also red blood cell counts and the mean cell heamoglobin concentration (MCHC), were within the range reported for rabbits. Enzyme was found to be good nutrient metabolite that could enhance the growth of weaned rabbits. The already established quantity (125g/ton of feed) should be maintain as either increase or decrease in the internationally recommended quantity did not significantly (p<0.05) affect the zoo-technical performances nutrient digestibility, heamatological and serum metabolites of weaner rabbits.
This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of soapnut shell powder on the performance and immune response of broiler breeders. Ninety-six female and twenty-four male broiler breeders aged 38 weeks were fed one of four diets: a control diet or the control diet supplemented with graded levels of soapnut shell powder equivalent to 0, 50, 75, or 150 ppm of saponin. Dry matter intake and serum protein levels were not significantly different between treatments. Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were significantly higher in birds fed higher levels of soapnut shell powder supplementation compared to the control, indicating improved immunity. The results suggest that dietary supplementation of soapnut shell powder up to a level equivalent to 150
Comparative effect-of-azadirachta-indica-moringa-oleifera-and-cichorium-intyb...ghulam abbas
This study investigated the effects of supplementing broiler drinking water with leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica, Moringa oleifera, and Cichorium intybus on growth performance, immune response, and carcass characteristics. Broilers given water supplemented with A. indica extract exhibited better growth, immunity, and some carcass traits compared to other groups. Specifically, A. indica supplemented broilers had higher weight gain, feed intake, antibody levels against diseases, dressing percentage, and breast meat yield. Therefore, the study concluded that A. indica leaf extract is an effective and inexpensive herbal growth promoter for broilers that improves performance without harmful residual effects.
The document summarizes a study on the comparative efficacy of different growth enhancers on broilers. 96 day-old broiler chicks were divided into 4 treatment groups: a control group given plain water, and groups given Atovi, aloe vera, or sorghum syrup supplements. Results showed no significant differences in weekly weight gain, feed consumption, or feed conversion ratio among treatments. The sorghum syrup group had the highest final weight, while the aloe vera group had the lowest. The Atovi group yielded the highest return on investment. In conclusion, using growth enhancers can increase profits compared to plain feed, though higher supplement concentrations may be needed to see effects.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the associative effects of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes and probiotics on the performance, nutrient utilization, gut health, and economics of broilers fed sub-optimal energy diets. 150 broiler chicks were fed one of five diets: a standard diet, a basal diet with 225 kcal/kg less ME than the standard, or the basal diet supplemented with NSP enzymes, probiotics, or both. Supplementing the basal diet with NSP enzymes and probiotics significantly improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to the basal diet alone. Nutrient retention was also higher with supplementation. Gut pH, viscosity and E. coli counts decreased with supplementation,
Effects of fermented locust bean seed (pakia clapatoniana) as a replacement f...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated replacing full fat soybean meal with fermented locust bean seed in weaner rabbit diets. Twenty-four weaner rabbits were fed one of four experimental diets containing 0%, 25%, 50%, or 75% fermented locust bean seed replacement. Parameters measured included feed intake, weight gain, water intake, hematological parameters, and feed conversion ratio. Results showed that final weight, weight gain, feed intake, and water intake were significantly affected by diet. Feed conversion ratio and some hematological parameters were not significantly different. Diets with 25% and 50% replacement performed best, while over 75% replacement adversely affected performance. The study suggests fermented locust
A Study on Effect of Anti Toxic Nutrient (ATN) in productive and reproductive...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
This study investigated the effects of different levels of grape pomace on broiler chicken performance.
- 450 broiler chicks were fed either a control diet or diets with 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, or 15% grape pomace. Intake, weight gain, and feed conversion were measured during starter, grower, and finisher phases.
- Intake was not significantly affected by grape pomace except at the starter phase. Weight gain was highest for 3% pomace at the starter phase.
- Feed conversion was significantly better for the control and 3% pomace diets across phases. The 15% pomace diet had the worst feed conversion.
- In conclusion, low
Effects of feeding a saccharomyces cerevisiaeRahardi Gautama
1) The study evaluated the effects of feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation prototype without antibiotics on the performance, health and carcass characteristics of beef heifers compared to a control diet containing antibiotics.
2) 1,495 crossbred heifers were fed one of two diets - a control diet containing monensin, tylosin and direct-fed microbials, or a diet containing an Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation prototype without antibiotics.
3) There were no differences between the diets for growth performance, carcass characteristics, morbidity or mortality. Heifers fed the prototype diet had numerically fewer liver abscesses. Replacing antibiotics with the fermentation prototype
This document summarizes a presentation about probiotics in poultry nutrition. It discusses how single-strain probiotics often fail to reliably impact birds because they do not colonize the entire gastrointestinal tract or stay long after consumption stops. An effective probiotic should be multi-strain, species-specific, and well-positioned to colonize the whole GI tract, multiply faster, and be less eliminated. Trials demonstrate that the probiotic PoultryStar reduced issues like lameness, inflammation, and necrotic enteritis in poultry. The presentation provides information on selecting probiotic strains and applying probiotics in poultry to enhance immunity and gut health.
Growth Performance of Rats Maintained On Citrullus colocynthis Seed Coat-base...IOSR Journals
This study evaluated the growth performance of rats fed diets containing Citrullus colocynthis seed coat, which is usually discarded as agricultural waste. Forty-nine rats were divided into seven groups and fed one of seven experimental diets for six weeks: a control diet containing 100% corn starch, or diets containing 100% or 50% inclusion of raw, boiled, or autoclaved Citrullus colocynthis seed coat. The results showed that diets with 50% boiled or autoclaved seed coat did not significantly affect feed intake, weight gain, or other growth parameters, but significantly reduced metabolizable energy. Diets with 100% raw, boiled, or autoclaved seed coat, or
An experimental study was carried over a
period of 42 days using 160 day-old commercial broiler chicks
(Ven Cobb) to study the effect of copper and flavomycin as feed
additives on growth performance in broiler chicken. The birds
were divided into four groups with four replicates of ten chicks in
each replicate. The treatment (T1) was control with standard
broiler ration and Cu as CuSO4 at 100 ppm, 200 ppm and
flavomycin at 10 ppm were supplemented in the basal diet to
form treatment 2 (T2), treatment 3 (T3) and treatment 4 (T4)
respectively.
The chemical composition of T1, T2, T3 and T4 rations
contained 15.43, 106.49, 212.54 and 18.69 ppm of Cu in broiler
starter and 12.67, 101.13, 202.72 and 20.20 ppm of Cu in broiler
finisher, respectively. The results of the present study revealed
that the supplementation of Cu as CuSO4 (100 and 200 ppm) or
flavomycin (10 ppm) showed no significant difference among the
treatment groups with regard to the feed consumption, body
weight gain and feed conversion ratio up to six weeks of age. The
carcass weight, slaughter weight, dressing percentage and giblet
yield were not influenced by dietary supplementation of either
Cu or flavomycin. It was concluded that dietary supplementation
of broiler chicken with Cu up to 200 ppm and flavomycin at 10
ppm did not have any adverse effect on production performance
of broiler chicken.
This document discusses a study that evaluated factors affecting goat milk quality in three dairy goat farms in Bogor, Indonesia. The study found that the goat milk from the farms met Indonesian and Thai milk quality standards. Key factors influencing milk quantity and quality included goat breed and health, milking skills of farmers and employees, feed quality, and cleanliness of housing and environment. The main technical priority identified was improving livestock health conditions. The study also found that goat milk attributes of nutritional content, packaging size, and color met consumer satisfaction targets.
Evaluation of heat treated small ruminants dropping as an alternative feedstu...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated heat-treated small ruminant droppings (SRD) as an alternative feedstuff in weanling pig diets. 144 crossbred piglets were fed one of four diets: a control diet with 0% SRD or test diets with 10%, 30%, or 50% SRD. Results showed SRD contains protein, fat, fiber and ash. Feed intake increased with SRD level, while weight gain and protein efficiency decreased at 30-50% SRD. Carcass characteristics were unaffected except for thigh weight. Digestibility of nutrients improved in test diets compared to control. The study concludes SRD is a potential feedstuff for pigs up to 50% dietary level.
The document discusses various types of feed additives that are administered to animals and poultry to enhance nutrient effectiveness and digestion. It describes antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, antioxidants, emulsifiers, binders, organic acids, enzymes, phytogenics, and other additives. For each type, it provides examples and explains their modes of action, such as reducing pathogens, increasing nutrient absorption, and improving gut health. The document also notes that overuse of antibiotics as growth promoters can lead to antibiotic resistance.
Effects of Probiotics Feeding Technology on Weight Gain of Indigenous Chicken...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
This document discusses digestibility and factors that influence nutrient digestibility in fish. It defines digestibility coefficients and explains methods to determine digestibility directly by measuring intake and feces or indirectly using markers. Several ingredients were tested in different fish species to determine apparent digestibility coefficients. The document also outlines how protein, lipids, carbohydrates and other variables like temperature and salinity can impact digestibility. It concludes that fish are highly efficient at digesting protein but less so for carbohydrates, and more research is needed to better understand fish digestive physiology.
1) The document discusses various natural alternatives that can replace antibiotics in poultry feed, including probiotics, prebiotics, plant extracts, essential oils, and organic acids.
2) Probiotics are live microorganisms that can improve gut health, inhibit pathogens, and enhance immune function as alternatives to antibiotics for growth promotion.
3) Plant extracts contain active compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that have shown benefits for poultry performance and health when used as feed additives.
Performance Characteristics and Carcass Yield of Indigenous Turkeys Fed Indom...iosrjce
This study evaluated the performance of turkey poults fed indomie waste (IW) based-diet. A total of
one hundred and forty-four (144) local strain of turkey poults were allotted to four dietary treatments in which
indomie waste was used to replace maize at 0%, 33.33%, 66.67%, and 100% levels, representing treatments one
to four (T1- T4) respectively. Each treatment was replicated three times with 12 poults per replicate using the
Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The study lasted for eight weeks. The initial weights of the poults were
taken while the final weight record was taken at the end of the study. The feed intake record was taken daily and
computed as total feed consumed per bird at the end of the study while weight gain, feed conversion ratio and
feed cost were calculated. Three birds were randomly selected from each replicate for carcass and organ
evaluation and were expressed as percentages of the body weight. The result showed that the IW significantly
(p< 0.05) affected the average weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio. The cost of feed per kg
decreased with increasing levels of IW in the diet. Significant differences were not observed in the carcass and
organ except in the breast yield. The lowest cost of feed was obtained at 100% inclusion level. The reduction in
feed cost is an advantage to the farmer who desires low cost of production. It was evident that IW could be
incorporated into the diet of local strain of turkey poults up to 100% level without any deleterious effect on the
performance of the turkeys, however, the 66.67% replacement which led to higher final body weight and better
feed conversion is recommended.
This presentation was made in Sept 2010 at Manila during the Poultry show. Target audience were nutritionists , poultry consultants and feed manufacturers
Feed additives are ingredients added to animal feed to fulfill specific needs. The FDA regulates their use and new additives require clearance. Additives are used to alter animal metabolism, growth, pH, microflora and more. Major classes include growth promoters, medicines, hormones, and others like antioxidants. Common growth promoters are antibiotics and chemotherapeutics which work by inhibiting bacterial cell processes. Medicinal additives prevent issues like coccidiosis. Hormone-like additives can promote growth and milk production.
This document discusses the role of phytobiotics (plant derivatives) as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production. It summarizes research showing that liver tonics containing herbs like Andrographis paniculata, Eclipta alba, and Tinospora cordifolia can improve weight gain and feed conversion ratio in broilers. Studies found these phytobiotic liver tonics enhanced the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in broiler chickens. The document concludes that phytobiotic liver tonics are natural alternatives to antibiotics that can boost health and performance in poultry.
Zoo-technical performances of weaner rabbits fed Nutryzyme® supplemented dietsAI Publications
The study assessed the zoo-technical performances of weaner rabbits fed Nutrizyme supplement diets. This study aimed at determining the zoo-technical performances of the weaner rabbits fed Nutrizyme supplement diets while we specifically determined the zoo-technical performances, the apparent nutrient digestibility as well as the hematological and serum Biochemical of weaner rabbits fed Nutrizyme supplement diets. Eighteen rabbits were allotted into three dietary treatments with each having three replicates in a completely randomized design format. Each replicate (unit) housed two rabbits. The Nutrizyme powder was incorporated in the diets at 0, 125, and 250 ppm respectively. The parameters appraised include average daily feed intake, feed efficiency, average final weight and the heamatological and serum profiles. All data generated were subjected to analysis of variance using statistical packages for social sciences (SSPM) packages. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in the total weight, average daily weight, average daily feed intake as well as the feed efficiency. Rabbits fed diets 3 (250mg/kg Nutrizyme inclusion) had the best result in terms of the total weight (1068g), average daily (0.25), respectively. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in the digestibility of nutrients among the rabbits as indicated in the results. The crude protein digestibility improved with increased enzyme inclusion in the diets. Rabbits fed the control diet had the least nutrient digestibility. The heamoglobin concentrations, white blood cells and serum metabolites were not significantly influenced (p<0.05) by dietary treatments. The packed cell volumes (PCV) of 36.03 to 41.06% were within the normal values of 35 to 45%, also red blood cell counts and the mean cell heamoglobin concentration (MCHC), were within the range reported for rabbits. Enzyme was found to be good nutrient metabolite that could enhance the growth of weaned rabbits. The already established quantity (125g/ton of feed) should be maintain as either increase or decrease in the internationally recommended quantity did not significantly (p<0.05) affect the zoo-technical performances nutrient digestibility, heamatological and serum metabolites of weaner rabbits.
This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of soapnut shell powder on the performance and immune response of broiler breeders. Ninety-six female and twenty-four male broiler breeders aged 38 weeks were fed one of four diets: a control diet or the control diet supplemented with graded levels of soapnut shell powder equivalent to 0, 50, 75, or 150 ppm of saponin. Dry matter intake and serum protein levels were not significantly different between treatments. Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were significantly higher in birds fed higher levels of soapnut shell powder supplementation compared to the control, indicating improved immunity. The results suggest that dietary supplementation of soapnut shell powder up to a level equivalent to 150
Comparative effect-of-azadirachta-indica-moringa-oleifera-and-cichorium-intyb...ghulam abbas
This study investigated the effects of supplementing broiler drinking water with leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica, Moringa oleifera, and Cichorium intybus on growth performance, immune response, and carcass characteristics. Broilers given water supplemented with A. indica extract exhibited better growth, immunity, and some carcass traits compared to other groups. Specifically, A. indica supplemented broilers had higher weight gain, feed intake, antibody levels against diseases, dressing percentage, and breast meat yield. Therefore, the study concluded that A. indica leaf extract is an effective and inexpensive herbal growth promoter for broilers that improves performance without harmful residual effects.
The document summarizes a study on the comparative efficacy of different growth enhancers on broilers. 96 day-old broiler chicks were divided into 4 treatment groups: a control group given plain water, and groups given Atovi, aloe vera, or sorghum syrup supplements. Results showed no significant differences in weekly weight gain, feed consumption, or feed conversion ratio among treatments. The sorghum syrup group had the highest final weight, while the aloe vera group had the lowest. The Atovi group yielded the highest return on investment. In conclusion, using growth enhancers can increase profits compared to plain feed, though higher supplement concentrations may be needed to see effects.
The study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with coriander seeds on food intake and microbial populations in the ceca of Japanese quail. 360 female quail chicks were divided into 6 treatment groups with varying levels of coriander seed supplementation (0-4%) or an antibiotic control. Food intake was measured weekly for 5 weeks, and bacterial populations in the ceca were analyzed after 35 days. Results showed that groups with 1% and 2% coriander supplementation had the highest food intake in the first two weeks. Bacterial analysis found the 4% coriander group had the highest E. coli levels, while the antibiotic group had the lowest levels. The study suggests coriander seeds can increase early food intake
The effect of different physical form feeds (pellet and mash) and stocking density on the growth performance characteristics of carcass and immunity of Ross-308 broiler chicks were studied. A total of 1800 one day-old ross-308 mixed-sex broilers were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replicates of 75 birds each. They were arranged in a 2×3 factorial design: two feed forms (mash and pellet) and three stocking density (10, 14 and 18 bird/m2). Live body Weight (LW), Weight Gain (WG), Feed Intake (FI) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were measured periodically (0-10, 11-24 and 25-42 days). Carcass components and litter quality were recorded at the end of the trial (day 45). Also antibody titer against SRBC, and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio were measured in 45 day of age. The highest body weight in grower period was observed in the pellet diet form (p<0.05). Also the highest Body Weight (BW) and Body Weight Gain (BWG) in the starter period was observed in the lowest stocking density treatment (10 bird/m2) (p<0.05). Physical form of diet had no significant effect on feed intake, BW and FCR throughout the periods. However the broiler feed intake was significantly influenced by stocking density and a decrease in the high stocking density group (18 bird/m2). Different types of feed and stocking density had no significant effect on carcass characteristics, antibody titer and H:L ratio. Use of pellet form diet and high stocking density treatment (18 bird/m2) significantly increased broiler litter moisture (P<0.05).
The effect of different physical form feeds (pellet and mash) and stocking
density on the growth performance characteristics of carcass and immunity of Ross-
308 broiler chicks were studied. A total of 1800 one day-old ross-308 mixed-sex
broilers were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four
replicates of 75 birds each. They were arranged in a 2×3 factorial design: two feed
forms (mash and pellet) and three stocking density (10, 14 and 18 bird/m2). Live body
Weight (LW), Weight Gain (WG), Feed Intake (FI) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)
were measured periodically (0-10, 11-24 and 25-42 days). Carcass components and
litter quality were recorded at the end of the trial (day 45). Also antibody titer against
SRBC, and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio were measured in 45 day of age. The highest
body weight in grower period was observed in the pellet diet form (p<0.05). Also the
highest Body Weight (BW) and Body Weight Gain (BWG) in the starter period was
observed in the lowest stocking density treatment (10 bird/m2) (p<0.05). Physical form
of diet had no significant effect on feed intake, BW and FCR throughout the periods.
However the broiler feed intake was significantly influenced by stocking density and a
decrease in the high stocking density group (18 bird/m2). Different types of feed and
stocking density had no significant effect on carcass characteristics, antibody titer and
H:L ratio. Use of pellet form diet and high stocking density treatment (18 bird/m2)
significantly increased broiler litter moisture (P<0.05).
Comparative Effect of Some Proprietary Vitamins and Trace Mineral Mixtures on...iosrjce
The research study was carried out to evaluate the comparative effect of some proprietary
vitamins/trace mineral mixtures on the performance and egg quality of laying hens. Two hundred and fifty- six
fifty weeks old Yaffa strain laying birds were used. The birds were randomly allotted to four premixes fortified
experimental diets; PPGODOMIX, PPOMIX, PPROCHE and PPWRITEX with each diet containing isocaloric
and isoproteinous. Sixty four birds were randomly assigned to each of the dietary treatments. The birds were
further sub- divided into four replicates with sixteen birds per replicate. The four dietary treatments elicited no
significant (P>0.05) influence on the overall performance of birds. Percentage hen day egg production was
equally not significantly (P>0.05) affected by any of the dietary treatments examined. The average daily feed
intake was significantly (P<0.05)><0.05)>0.05) influenced by PPOMIX. Birds fed PPOMIX obtained a significantly (P<0.05) higher
value of egg weight, albumen weight and blood spot which were statistically similar to other experimental
premixes examined. The results generated from this study revealed that premix of similar profile will give
similar result which could be used to improve ration management towards enhanced feed utilization and egg
internal/external quality.
This research proposal aims to study the effects of different inclusion levels of alkali-treated pito mash on the hematological response of broilers. The researcher will feed broilers four different diets with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% inclusion levels of alkali-treated pito mash. Data on growth parameters, blood parameters, and economic costs and returns will be collected and analyzed. The results are intended to identify optimal inclusion levels of alkali-treated pito mash in broiler feed to improve performance while reducing costs.
Mr. Sabhavat Srinivasnaik presented on measurements of food utilization by phytophagous insects. There are two main methods for measuring food utilization - the gravimetric method and calorimetric method. The gravimetric method involves measuring food intake, weight gain of the insect, and fecal production to calculate various nutritional indices like consumption index, growth rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food, and approximate digestibility. The calorimetric method uses indicators like chromium oxide that are added to the food and then measured in the feces and insect body to determine food absorption. A case study was presented and conclusions discussed the importance of understanding nutrient concentrations and plant resistance mechanisms for insect rearing and
This study investigated the effects of a combination of β(1-3) D-Glucan and Propionibacterium granulosum (Betamune®) on broiler chickens. 360 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups, with some groups treated with Betamune® and/or cyclophosphamide (CP) to induce immunosuppression. Productive performance, immune response, and histopathology were evaluated. Betamune® improved performance and modulated the immune response. CP negatively impacted performance and suppressed the immune system. Betamune® counteracted the immune dysfunction caused by CP, improving performance and modulating the immune response. The combination of β(1-3
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of different levels of protexin probiotic supplementation in the diets of male geese on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters. 98 male geese were fed diets with 0, 50, 75, or 100 g/ton of protexin probiotic and evaluated at days 15, 30, and 45. Probiotic supplementation significantly improved weight gain and feed efficiency but did not affect feed intake. Carcass and breast weights were also higher with probiotic. Blood parameters like cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus, and total protein were unaffected. In conclusion, protexin probiotic improved growth performance and carcass yield in male geese.
Assessment of Ginger and Black Pepper as Feed Additives on Growth Performance...Premier Publishers
This study examined the growth and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed diets with ginger (Zingiber officinale L) and black pepper (Piper guineense Schum & Thonn) additives. A total of 240 day old unsexed Anak-2000 broiler chicks were allotted to four treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 was the control with no additive, Treatment 2 had 0.5% ginger powder, Treatment 3 had 0.5% black pepper powder, while Treatment 4 had a mixture of 0.25% ginger and 0.25% black pepper. From the results obtained, the ginger, black pepper and their combination diets were significantly different (p<0.05) in weight gain from the control diet, with the ginger diet recording the highest value of 2299.09g per bird, as against 1821.77g per bird from the control. Average feed intake was highest in the ginger diet with 5130.14g as against the control diet that had the least with 4420.71g. The ginger and combination diets gave better feed conversion ratio of 2.23 and 2.28 respectively, which was also significantly different from the control. Mortality recorded in the control treatment was highest with 5.00% and significantly different from the other treatments. Plucked weight of experimental birds was highest in diet 2 with 2165.53g and least in the control diet with 1710.31g. It can be concluded that the addition of the natural plant additives improved the measured parameters in comparison to the control diet and thus suggest that they hold considerable potential as growth promoting agents in broiler production.
Performance and Blood Profiles of Finisher Broilers Fed Diets Containing Grad...BRNSS Publication Hub
A 4-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the performance and blood profiles of finisher broilers fed cashew pulp meal (CPM) based diets. 135 finisher broilers, “Arbor acre” strain was randomly allocated to five dietary treatments consisting of three replicates of 9 finisher broilers each. Five on-farm diets containing 0 (control), 10, 20, 30, and 40% CPM replacing maize coded as T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively, were formulated. All performance parameters measured were significantly different (P < 0.05). Final weight, daily weight gain (DWG), daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality, feed cost/kg gain (feed cost/kg gain), and cost of 1 kg feed ranged from 1042.54 to 1305.55g, 16.31 to 28.51g, 91.86 to 110.54g, 3.26 to 5.56, 0 to 22.22%, 115.43 to 135.46, and 414.23 to 611.43, respectively. Hematological profile show that packed cell volume varied from 28.67 to 31.00%, hemoglobin (Hb) 9.07 to 10.60g/dl, red blood cell 1.80 to 2.31 × 106/μl, white blood cell 213.13 to 223.67 × 103/μl, mean corpuscular volume 132.27 to 134.87 fl, means corpuscular Hb (MCH) concentration 29.80 to 31.63 g/dl, and MCH 40.10 to 41.87 pg, respectively, and were significantly (P < 0.05) different. Treatments showed significant difference (P < 0.05) all serum parameters, the obtained values were total protein 4.25–4.92 g/dl, albumin 1.73–2.37 g/dl, aspartate aminotransferase 102.33–135.67 μ/l, alanine aminotransferase 4.00–7.33 μ/l, and total cholesterol 2.37–3.73 Mmol/l. The study showed that CPM depressed live weight but did not affect birds’ health even at 40% replacement of maize.
Performance and Blood Profiles of Finisher Broilers Fed Diets Containing Grad...BRNSS Publication Hub
A 4-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the performance and blood profiles of finisher
broilers fed cashew pulp meal (CPM) based diets. 135 finisher broilers, “Arbor acre” strain was randomly
allocated to five dietary treatments consisting of three replicates of 9 finisher broilers each. Five on-farm
diets containing 0 (control), 10, 20, 30, and 40% CPM replacing maize coded as T1, T2, T3, T4, and
T5, respectively, were formulated. All performance parameters measured were significantly different
(P < 0.05). Final weight, daily weight gain (DWG), daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality,
feed cost/kg gain (feed cost/kg gain), and cost of 1 kg feed ranged from 1042.54 to 1305.55g, 16.31 to
28.51g, 91.86 to 110.54g, 3.26 to 5.56, 0 to 22.22%, 115.43 to 135.46, and 414.23 to 611.43, respectively.
Hematological profile show that packed cell volume varied from 28.67 to 31.00%, hemoglobin (Hb)
9.07 to 10.60g/dl, red blood cell 1.80 to 2.31 × 106
/µl, white blood cell 213.13 to 223.67 × 103
/µl,
mean corpuscular volume 132.27 to 134.87 fl, means corpuscular Hb (MCH) concentration 29.80
to 31.63 g/dl, and MCH 40.10 to 41.87 pg, respectively, and were significantly (P < 0.05) different.
Treatments showed significant difference (P < 0.05) all serum parameters, the obtained values were total
protein 4.25–4.92 g/dl, albumin 1.73–2.37 g/dl, aspartate aminotransferase 102.33–135.67 μ/l, alanine
aminotransferase 4.00–7.33 μ/l, and total cholesterol 2.37–3.73 Mmol/l. The study showed that CPM
depressed live weight but did not affect birds’ health even at 40% replacement of maize
Visceral organ of colored broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed with commer...Innspub Net
This study was conducted atcmU Poultry Production Project, Musuan, and Maramag Bukidnon to evaluate the effect of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) under a free-range condition in the commercial ration on the visceral organ of colored broiler chicken. A total of 12 birds were obtained from a flock of 48 colored broiler chickens from a growth performance study. The treatments were as follows: Treatment 1 = 100g commercial feeds (control), Treatment 2 = 95% commercial feeds + 5% BSF larvae, Treatment 3 = 90% commercial feeds + 10% BSF larvae and Treatment 4 = 85% commercial feeds + 15% BSF larvae. Based on the result of analysis of variance (ANOVA), it showed no significant differences among the parameters of the studied weights of the crop with and without fill, weight of proventriculus without fill, weight of small intestine with and without fill, large intestine with and without fill, caeca with and without fill, weight of heart, and weight of gall bladder. However, the weight of proventriculus plus gizzard with fill, weight of liver, weight of spleen, weight of pancreas revealed significant differences based on Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Furthermore, Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) were highly recommended to animals because there were no detrimental observed in the study. This result indicates that using Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) as supplementation ration can improve the visceral organ performance of broiler chicken.
When it comes to feed additives (e.g. plant extracts, enzymes, pro- and prebiotics, organic acids and many more), the livestock industry is inundated with numerous options, not only promoting performance of the animals and improving profitability, but also improving the quality of feed and of animal-derived products. In this context, phytogenic (=plant derived) feed additives are foreseen to have a promising future in animal nutrition due to their broad range of efficacies, and to their effects on sustainability and safety.
This study evaluated the effects of different levels of probiotic (Protexin) supplementation in broiler feed on blood parameters. 375 broilers were divided into 5 treatment groups that received either 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100 g/ton of probiotic in their feed. Blood samples were collected and analyzed. Results showed that hematological values, serum urea, creatinine, triglycerides, HDL, cholesterol and LDL were not affected by treatments. However, hemoglobin, serum glucose and total protein were significantly increased in birds receiving 100 g/ton probiotic compared to the control group. In conclusion, probiotic supplementation at different levels may improve some blood parameters of broilers.
This study evaluated the efficacy of Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate (HSCAS) and turmeric powder, individually and combined, to counteract the toxic effects of aflatoxin in broiler chickens. Five groups of 100 broiler chicks each were fed either an uncontaminated diet, an aflatoxin-contaminated diet, or an aflatoxin-contaminated diet supplemented with HSCAS, turmeric powder, or both. Treatment with HSCAS or turmeric powder alone improved performance and reduced organ damage compared to the untreated contaminated group. Both additives also improved immune response and biochemical parameters in contaminated birds. The study concludes that adding HSC
The Role of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. Leaf Powder in the Broiler Chicken...UniversitasGadjahMada
Aflatoxin (AF) is the secondary metabolite of Aspergillus flavus and commonly contaminates feed during storage.AF causes lowered growth rate, stress, and increased mortality in the poultry, especially for broiler industries.The aims of this study are to determine the effects of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. leaf powder (SAP) in the chickens fed a diet naturally contaminated with AF. A total of 108 chickens are divided into 6 group: group I fed with basal diet (AF not detectable); group II fed with basal diet (AF not detectable) + 5%SAP; group III with AF (>1 ppb <50 ppb); group IVwithAF (>1 ppb <50ppb) + 5% SAP; groupVwithAF (>51 ppb <100 ppb) + 5%SAP; group VI with AF (>101 ppb <150 ppb) + 5% SAP.The data of the body weight, feed intake and efficiency, the relative weight of liver, kidney, spleen, bursa of Fabricius (BF), histopathology, haematological profile, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer, AF residue, and immunohistochemistry are collected on days 7, 14, and 21. All the data were analysed using SPSS 16. The supplementation of 5%SAPin the chickens fed a diet naturally contaminated withAFshowed the potential effects of the bodyweight performance, haematological profile protection, increase in the cellular and humoral immune responses, reduction of AF residue in the organ, protection of liver, kidney, spleen, and BF histopathology, and increase in the immune-expression of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes ratio (P < 0.05). It shows that 5% SAP can be used as the alternative herbal supplementation to depress the impacts of aflatoxicosis in the broiler chickens.
This document summarizes a study that compared three techniques for treating auricular hematoma in dogs: conventional suturing, skin staples, and surgical glue. Fifteen dogs were divided into three groups and treated with one of the three techniques. The techniques were compared based on closure time, cosmetic appearance, and healing time. Surgical glue had the fastest closure time, the best cosmetic appearance results, and the shortest healing time, making it the most effective technique according to this study.
This document provides guidelines for health and hygiene for ostriches farmed commercially. It discusses some common diseases that can affect ostriches, including Newcastle disease, salmonellosis, and clostridiosis. It emphasizes the importance of vaccination protocols and biosecurity measures to prevent disease outbreaks. Specific recommendations are provided for vaccination schedules and practices. Maintaining strict hygiene, isolating sick birds, and disinfecting equipment and facilities can help control the spread of pathogens. Further research is needed on diseases that may affect ostriches in Pakistan.
Gross Examination, Selection, Collection and Fixation of Specimen ghulam abbas
The document discusses the gross examination, selection, collection and fixation of specimens in pathology. It covers identifying and labeling specimens, performing a gross examination, selecting relevant portions for microscopic examination, and principles of proper fixation. Fixation preserves tissue morphology and prevents autolysis and contamination. Common fixatives include 10% neutral buffered formalin, Bouin's solution, B5, and Zenker's solution. Proper handling and fixation are important for accurate laboratory diagnosis.
Feasibility report for 25 ostriche by dr. ghulam abbasghulam abbas
This feasibility report analyzes starting an ostrich farm with 25 ostriches on 4 kanals of land. It finds that the project has an 18.5% internal rate of return and 5.5 year payback period. Total project costs are Rs. 34.85 lakhs, including Rs. 1.25 lakhs for ostriches. Revenue of Rs. 12.25 lakhs is expected annually from selling 70 kg birds at Rs. 700/kg. The annual gross profit is Rs. 6.45 lakhs. Space, infrastructure like shelters and fencing, equipment, labor and feeding costs are also considered. Rearing involves housing chicks indoors for 3 months and then outdoors until 12 months
1) The document provides a feasibility report for starting a business rearing 1000 layers (egg-laying chickens) in a shed.
2) It estimates the total start-up costs will be Rs. 1084250 which includes expenses for equipment, day old chicks, feed, medical supplies, labor, and electricity.
3) It estimates that with 300,000 eggs produced in a year at Rs. 9 per egg, the total revenue will be Rs. 2700000, providing a gross profit of Rs. 1615750.
This document discusses poultry production in Pakistan. It begins by defining poultry and describing common poultry species. It then discusses the history and development of the commercial poultry industry in Pakistan from the 1960s onward. Key points include that poultry provides a source of income and employment for many Pakistanis and plays an important role in meeting the country's protein demand. The poultry sector has grown significantly in recent decades and contributes substantially to Pakistan's economy and agriculture.
This document discusses ostrich farming as a new development in the poultry industry of Pakistan. It provides details on ostrich biology, including that ostriches are the largest birds in the world, can reach over 6 feet tall, and are capable of running up to 65 km/hr. Ostrich meat is described as healthy and similar to beef. The document outlines ostrich anatomy, physiology, breeding behaviors such as mating displays, and farming practices like egg incubation which typically lasts 42-44 days. Ostrich farming is presented as an emerging industry with potential in Pakistan.
This document discusses the future prospects of ostrich farming in Pakistan. It notes that ostrich farming is a new emerging industry globally and that Pakistan has potential to be a leader in ostrich farming due to its cheap labor and feed. However, currently ostrich producers in Pakistan are only meeting 10% of customer demand. The document recommends that more research is needed on ostrich welfare in Pakistan's climate and that academia and livestock departments should promote ostrich farming to help Pakistan capture a larger share of the local and international markets for ostrich meat, feathers and other products.
This study compared the efficacy of three hemostatic agents in controlling bleeding during canine liver surgery: Surgical gauze, Surgicel Snow, and Surgicel Fibrillar. Hemostasis time was shortest with Surgicel Snow at 31.5 seconds on average, followed by Surgicel Fibrillar at 44.5 seconds, and longest with Surgical gauze at 201 seconds. Liver function tests showed some significant differences between groups after surgery but returned to normal by 14 days. Ultrasound found no abnormalities in any group at 7 and 14 days post-op. Surgicel Snow was the most effective hemostatic agent with minimum blood loss and least impact on
This document discusses the potential for ostrich farming in Pakistan as a new opportunity within the poultry industry. It notes that ostriches are well-suited to Pakistan's climate and can be raised on marginal lands. Ostrich meat and other products like oil, leather, and feathers have economic value. The document argues that ostrich farming could provide an alternative for livestock production and benefit farmers through high profitability and low costs compared to other livestock. However, it notes that awareness and support are needed to encourage more farmers to adopt this new approach scientifically.
This document provides information on ostriches and ostrich farming. It discusses ostriches' evolutionary history and taxonomy, physical characteristics, breeding behaviors, and farming for their meat and leather. Key points include:
- Ostriches are the largest living birds and can run up to 70 km/hr. They live in Africa and have existed for over 40 million years.
- Males are mostly black while females are brownish-gray. Males have red skin on their beaks and legs due to testosterone.
- Ostriches reach sexual maturity at 2-4 years. A male mates with 2-3 females. Females lay cream-colored eggs every other day during breeding season.
- Their meat and
This study evaluated the effects of replacing maize gluten with rice bran as a feed supplement on fish growth in a composite culture system. Two earthen ponds were stocked with three fish species and provided different feed ratios: Pond 1 received maize gluten and rice bran at a 5:0 ratio, while Pond 2 received a 1:4 ratio. Fish growth was measured in terms of weight gain, fork length, and total length. Results showed that all growth measures were significantly higher for fish in Pond 2 that received the 1:4 maize gluten to rice bran ratio, indicating it is a more effective supplemental feed for improved fish yields compared to maize gluten alone.
This document summarizes a study on the effects of salicylic acid on salt tolerance in wheat. It finds that salt stress decreases plant growth by reducing chlorophyll content and potassium concentration. Salicylic acid improves plant growth under saline and non-saline conditions. It enhances parameters like biomass, root length, sodium and potassium concentrations, chlorophyll content, protein levels, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Saline conditions increase sodium uptake and decrease potassium uptake, while salicylic acid reverses this by moderating sodium accumulation. The study suggests that salicylic acid helps wheat plants tolerate salt stress by improving various physiological and biochemical processes.
Fortnight effect-of-replacing-maize-gluten-32-40ghulam abbas
This study examined the fortnight effect of replacing a maize gluten and rice bran feed supplement ratio of 5:0 with a ratio of 1:4 on the physiochemical characteristics of water in a composite fish culture system over a 6-month period. Water samples were collected every two weeks from two earthen ponds stocked with three fish species and fed the different supplement ratios. The results showed that fortnight and feed supplement significantly impacted several water parameters, including temperature, pH, carbonates, dissolved solids, and plankton biomass. Plankton biomass peaked at the fifth fortnight in the pond receiving the 1:4 supplement ratio. However, total hardness, calcium and magnesium were unaffected.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated various fungicidal chemicals for controlling Fusarium wilt of cucumber. First, chemicals were tested in the lab against the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum, where Redomil and Score showed the greatest inhibition of fungal mycelial growth. These two chemicals were then applied to cucumber plants in the field. Redomil and Score both significantly reduced disease incidence compared to the untreated control, with Redomil showing the lowest incidence of 47.5%. Overall, the study found that Redomil and Score have potential for effectively managing Fusarium wilt of cucumber under both laboratory and field conditions.
This study analyzed genetic variation among seven sheep breeds in Punjab, Pakistan (Thalli, Lohi, Salt Range, Kajli, Sipli, Buchi, Hissardale) using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Blood samples were collected and genomic DNA extracted and amplified using 21 random primers. 16 primers produced scorable bands, revealing 30.19% polymorphism among breeds. Genetic similarity ranged from 74.42-94.29% with the highest between Thalli and Lohi. Nei's genetic distance was low at 0.0588-0.2954 with the highest between Lohi and Hissardale. Cluster analysis
An augmented review_about_lighting_programs_for_broiler_productionghulam abbas
This document reviews research on lighting programs for broiler chicken production. It discusses how light affects broiler physiology and behavior, and the impact of different light sources, intensities, durations and colors on broiler performance measures like feed consumption and weight gain. Specifically, it finds that low light intensities generally improve feed consumption and weight gain compared to high intensities. Intermittent lighting schedules also tend to improve feed intake over continuous lighting. Additionally, certain light colors like blue-green can stimulate growth while red-orange stimulates reproduction. Overall, the review aims to help optimize lighting programs to improve broiler welfare and farm profitability.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
2. 70 Comparative Effect of Different Commercial Herbal Growth Promotors on Performance,
Minor Body Parts Weight and Immune Responce in Broilers
promotor, antibacterial, anti coccidial, anti-parasitic,
anti-fungal, anti-tumor, anti-cancer, pesticide, immune
booster and immunogenic [28].
Certain herbal formulations have showed encouraging
results reported significant improvement with respect to
weight gain, feed efficiency, lowered mortality and increased
livability in poultry [18,3] as well as better resistance against
feed contaminants like aflatoxin, drug [10].
Our country abounds in herbal wealth and innumerable
plants of pharmacological properties therefore it is matter of
interest to try some of our indigenous medicinal plants/herbs
as commercial products. Thus the project has been planned
to envisage the comparative efficacy of commercial herbal
products: Bio – mix , Responcine and A-one formula on
performance and immune response of broilers.
2. Materials and Methods
The experiment was conducted at Poultry Research
Center, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. One hundred
twenty healthy day old Hubbard broiler chicks were divided
into 12 experimental units having 10 chicks each. These
experimental units were further allotted to 4 treatment
groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4) such that each treatment recieved 3
replicates. Group A was fed ration without supplementation
of commercial herbal products i.e. control wherease group B, C
and D were fed ration supplemented with commercial herbal
products i.e. Bio-Mix, Respecine and A one Formula
respectively each @ 100 g/ 50 kg of commercial feed. Duration
of the trial was 40 days. Each experimental unit of the chicks
was reared in a separate pen. The birds were kept under
similar managemental conditions like space, light,
temperature, ventilation and relative humidity. Fresh and
clean water was available to the birds at all the times. All the
birds will be vaccinated according to the recommended
schedule.
Data on initial body weight, weekly body weight, weekly
feed intake and mortality was collected. The data regarding
feed intake and weight gain was used to calculate feed
conversion ratio and growth rate of broilers. Immune
response for each replicate was checked on 30-35 days of age.
To find out the antibody titer against Newcastle disease and
Gumboro disease, a method described by Buxton and
Fraser (1977)[7] was used. At the end of experiment two
birds from each replicate was selected randomly and
slaughtered for their carcass response and relative organ
weight. Data on live weight, dressed weight, heart weight,
gizzard weight, liver weight, spleen weight, pancreas weight
and intestinal weight was also collected. At the end of
experiment economics of each group was calculated. The
data thus collected was subjected to statistical analysis using
completely randomized design. The differences in the means
were compared by least significance difference test [27].
3. Results
The mean values of the broiler performance kept on
commercial feed without any supplementation (control) was
taken as reference point for comparsion with other birds
under different treatment i.e control, Bio – mix , Responcine
and A-one formula. The average weight gain of broiler
chicks in groups A, B, C and D was 1604, 1733, 1814 and
1695g, respectively (Table 1), during 42 days of
experimental period (0-6 weeks of age). Statistical analysis
of data exhibited that birds using ration supplemented with
herbal growth promoters gained signicantly (P<0.05) more
weight than those of control group. The highest weight gain
was recorded in the birds of group C fed ration supplemented
with respecine.
The mean values for feed consumption of the birds during
the experimental period for freatment groups, A, B, C and D
were 3487, 3477, 3636 and 3533g, respectively (Table 1).
Statistical analysis of the data revealed that supplementation
of herbal growth promoters in the broiler ration exhibited
significant effects on the feed intake of the birds. Birds of
groups C utilized feed more efficiently whereas poorest feed
conversion ratio was observed in the birds of groups A
(control).
Mean values for feed conversion ratio of the broiler in
groups, A, B, C and D were 2.17, 2.00, 1.97 and 2.08,
respectively. Difference in feed Conversion ratio was found
to be significant (P <0.05). The birds of groups C (using
ration supplemented with respecine) showed significantly
better FCR.
Table 1. Final live weight, weight gain, fed consumption and feed conversion ratio of broiler fed different herbal grouth promoters from 0-42 days.
Parameters
Treatments
A
Control
B
Bio-mix
C
respecine
D
A-one Formula
Initial weight (g) 43.00 42 42.33 42.33
Final live weight (g) 1647 1775 1856 1737
Weight gain (g) 1604 c
± 59.7 1733 ab
± 38.4 1814 a
± 43.4 1695 b
± 36.6
Feed consumption (g) 3487 c
± 99.4 3477 bc
± 95.6 3636 a
± 38.4 3533 c
± 10.2
Feed conversion ratio (g feed /g gain ) 2.17 c
± 0.025 2.00 ab
± 0.025 1.97 a
± 0.012 2.08 b
± 0.015
3. Advances in Zoology and Botany 2(4): 69-74, 2014 71
Dressing Percentage and Relative Organ Weight
Statistical analysis of the data revealed that the
supplementation of herbal grouth promoters in the broiler
ration did not exibit any significant effect on the dressing
percentage, liver weight, heart weight, gizzed weight, spleen
weight, pancreas weight and intestinal weight of the
experimental birds (table 2).
Immune Response
The results of the study revealed signigicant (P<0.05)
effect of commercial herbal growth promoters on the
immune response of broilers. Antibody titer against ND at
30th
day of age was maximum in-groups B (873.33) followed
by groupD (783.33), A (558.33) and control, respectively.
Analysis of variance of the data showed significant
differences among the treatment groups with respect to
antibody titer at 30th
day of age (Table 3). The maximum
value for antibody against IBD titer was recorded in the birds
of group C fed ration supplemented with Respecine which
was 1030, followed by those using Bio-mix (873.33), A-one
formula (770) and control (470), repectively.
Mortality
The total number of birds died during the experiment were
four i.e. two in group A, one in group B and one in group D.
Percent mortality in group A, B, and D was 6.66%, 3.33 %
and 3.33% respectively. Whereas, no mortality was recorded
in group C. Overall mortality percentage was found to be
3.33% during the experimental period. The postmortem
findings of all the dead birds revealed that reason of
mortality was heat stress because of electric failure.
Economics
The average cost of production per broiler kept under
different treatment groups A, B, C, and D was Rs. 68.98,
68.84. 71.00 and 69.65, respectively (Table 4) excluding the
cost of labour. Miscellaneous cost summed up Rs. 10/broiler,
which included the estimated cost of electricity, gas , litter,
disinfectants, vaccination and medication. The average live
weight gain of broiler chicks in groups A, B, C, and D was
1.604, 1.733, 1.813, and 1.694 Kg, respectively. The broilers
were sold on live weight basis at the rate of Rs. 42.00 per Kg.
The net profit per bird was found to be Rs. 0.32, 5.92, 6.70,
and 3.01 in the respective treatments excluding the cost of
labour. Net profit on per bird basis was more from the birds
fed ration supplemented with Respecine followd by Bio-mix,
A-one formula, and Control, respectively.
Table. 2. verage values of dressing percentages, relative giblet weights (g organ wt. /100g body wt.) pancrease and ingestinal of broilers fed difference
herbal growth promoters from 0-42 days
Parameters
Treatments
A
Control
B
Bio-mix
C
respecine
D
A-one Formula
Dressing percentage 61.04 ±4.5 62.15 ±4.5 62.18 ±4.56 61.39 ±4.5
Liver weight 1.88 ±0.018 1.64 ±0.018 2.16 ±0.019 2.27 ±0.0199
Heart weight 0.39 ±0.0066 0.42 ±0.0066 0.41 ±0.0066 0.45 ±0.0066
Gizzard weight 1.53 ±0.014 1.64 ±0.014 1.54 ±0.014 1.48 ±0.012
Spleen weight 0.10 ±0.005 0.11 ±0.0052 0.10 ±0.005 0.10 ±0.005
Pancrease weight 0.21 ±0.01 0.17 ±0.008 0.20 ±0.01 0.19 ±0.02
Intestinal weight 3.27 ±0.032 3.28 ±0.032 3.53 ±0.032 3.25 ±0.032
NS = Non significant
Table 3. Mean values of antibody titer against Newcastle disease (ND) and infections disease (IBD) fed different herbal growth promoters from 0-42 days
Parameters
Treatments
A
Control
B
Bio-mix
C
Respecine
D
A-One Formula
ND Antibody titer 558.33 d
±25.7 873.33 b
±30 1032.00 a
±32.3 783.33c
±2 7.5
IBA Antibody titer 470.00 d
±12.14 873.33 b
±20 1030.33 a
±22.77 770.00 c
±17.6
Mean values with in the same row which have different superscriptes, were significantly different (P<0.05)
4. 72 Comparative Effect of Different Commercial Herbal Growth Promotors on Performance,
Minor Body Parts Weight and Immune Responce in Broilers
Table 4. data showing economics of various treatments
Parameters A B C D
Cost / chick (Rs.) 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00
Total feed consumed/ bird(kg) 3.48 3.47 3.63 3.53
Feed cost/ kg (Rs.) 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5
Feed cost/ bird (Rs.) 46.98 46.84 49.00 47.65
* Miscellaneous charges/
bird(Rs.)
10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
Total cost/ bird (Rs.) 68.98 68.84 71.00 69.65
Average live weight (kg) 1.65 1.78 1.85 1.73
Sale price/ kg(Rs.) 42 42 42 42
Sale price/ bird(Rs.) 69.3 74.76 77.7 72.66
Net profit (Rs.) 0.32 5.92 6.7 3.01
4. Discussion
Performance
Supplementation of herbal growth promoters in broilers
ration significantly improved the weight gain of the birds.
Similar findings are reported by Samanta and Dey (1991)
and Meraj (1998) that supplementation of garlic powder
improved the weight gain of broilers and Japanese quails,
respectively [24,19]. The improvement in weiht gain might
be due to inhibition in growth of pathogenic bacteria such as
Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli [13]. Chicory as
a herbal growth promoters in broiler ration significantly
improved the weight gain [25,22]. Similarly, Guler et al.
(2003) observed higher weight gain in japanes quails fed
Coriandrum sativum seeds [11]. Positive effect of turmeric
and Moringa oliefera leaf extract as herbal growth promoter
on weight gain of broiler was also observed [2]. Contrary to
the finding of the present study Bolukbasi et al. (2006) and
Soliman et al. (1999) reported a non-significant effect of
herbal extracts on weight gain of broilers [5,26] however
difference in the results might be due to the different
products used as herbal growth promoter.
Herbal growth promoters in the ration improved the feed
comsumption of broiler. The result are in line with the
finding of soliman et al. (1999) who observed that inclusion
of the natural herbal growth promoters in broiler ration did
not improve feed comsumption [26]. The result also coincide
with the findings of El-Sheikh et al. (1998) , Guler et al.
(2006) who reported that feed consumption of the birds
remained unaffected due to dietary inclusion of herbal
growth promoter, kalongi [9]. Similarly, Samanta and Dey
(1991) and Bozkurt et al. (2012) observed nonsignificant
difference in feed intake by addition of garlic in the ration of
Japanese quails and hebal oils in layers respectively [24,6].
In contrast to our finding, Siddig and Abdelati (2001)
reported significant effect of Chicory extract on feed
consumption of broiler ration [25]. Similar result have also
been reported by Osman and Barody (1999) in broilers [22].
Supplementation of the herbal growth promoters exhibited a
significant effect on the feed conversion ratio of the broilers.
Similarly Molla et al. (2012) reported that herbal
supplemetation in diet of broilers increase production
without adverse effects on chicken health [20]
The result are in line with the finding of Osman and
Barody (1999), Siddig and Abdelati (2001), Ihsan (2003) and
Ahmad (2005) who observed a significant effect of kalongi
on feed conversion ratio in broiler [22,25,1]. The
improvement in feed conversion ratio of the birds might be
due to suppressing of growth of intestinal bacteria such as
Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (Hanafy and
Hatam, 1991) which caused increased absorption of nutrients
leading to better feed conversion ration of the birds using
rations supplemented with herbal growth promoters [13].
Dressing Percentage and Organs Weight
Supplementation of commercial herbal growth promoters
did not exhibit any effect on the dressing percentage values
of the borilers in this study. The result of the present study
are in line with Samanta and Dey (1991) who reported that
dietary inclusion of garlic did not affected dressing
percentage in Japanese quiles [24]. Similar finding have
been observed by Siddig and Abdelati (2001) and Ihsan
(2003) in broilers fed Chicory leaves extract in their ration
[25,14]. Dietary inclusion of commercial herbal growth
promoters did not exert effect on the relative heart weight of
the broiler use in this study. The result of the study are
consistent with those observed by Soliman et al. (1999) and
Ahmad (2005) who reported that the dietary inclusion of
natural herbal growth promoters (garlic and kalongi) did not
exhibit any effect on the relative heart weight of broilers
[26,1]. Similar effects have been observed when garlic or
kalongi were used in different trials on different species of
birds. Siddige and Abdelati (2001) and Ihsan (2003)
observed non-significant effect of garlic on relative weight
of heart in broilers [25,14].
Result of the study showed that supplementation of herbal
growth promoters did not influence the relative liver weight,
spleen weight, intestinal weight and gizzard weight of the
broilers used in this study. These results are similar to those
reported by Meraj (1998), Siddig and Abdelati (2001), Ihsan
5. Advances in Zoology and Botany 2(4): 69-74, 2014 73
(2003) [19,25,14,]. However Ahmad (2005) observed that
supplementation of garlic turmeric and kalongi exhibited a
significant effect on relative intestinal weight of the broilers
[1].
Immune response against Necastle and infectious Bursal
Diseases
Dietary inclusion of herbal product in the broiler ration
exhibited a significant effect on the immune response of
birds against Necastle and infectious Bursal diseases. Similar
findings are reperted by Soliman et al. (1999) and Ahmad
(2005) that kalongi and garlic have significant effect on
immune response of the broilers [26,1]. The exact reason of
enhancement in immunity is not known. However it might
due to the polysaccharides and ether extracts of herbs such as
Nigella Sativa (kalongi) which have been found to cause
hyperplasia of lymph-nodes and increase in the percentage of
lymphocytes and neutrophills in blood. Meraj (1998) also
reported significant boost in antibody titers against
Newcastle and infectious Bursal diseases in broiler using
garlic supplemented ration [19]. Similar results have been
observed by Al-Sultan (2003) when turmeric was used as
herbal growth promoter in the ration broilers [2].
Economics of Production
Use of various commercial herbal growth promoters in the
ration exhibited an increase in the profit margin of broilers as
compared to those using ration without supplementation.
Dietary inclusion of commercial herbal growth promoters
was found to be more profitable than control. Broilers reared
on Respecine fetched maximum profit as compared to other
groups.
Increase in the profit margin from the birds which were
fed ration containing commercial herbal growth promoters
might be attributed to the better efficiency of feed utilization,
which results in more growth and better feed conversion
ratio, ultimately leading to a higher profit margin the broilers
reared on ration supplemented with commercial herbal
products.
Conclusion and Future Prospects
Based upon the results of the study, in may be conclude
that supplementation commercial herbal growth promoters
in the broilers ration can improve efficiency of broiler’s feed
utilization resuting in to better growth results to efficient and
economical production. These findings will help the poultry
producers to save expenditure from pocket snatching prices
of antibiotics, which they have to utilize for better health and
growth of their birds. Above all, the use of commercial
herbal growth promoters in the broilers rations will help in
the production of organic broilers and save the health of
mankind from ill effects of residual antibiotics present in the
meat. However , determination of digestibility of various
nutrients of the rations containing these herbal products,
haemato-chemical profile and blood chemistry of the birds
are the important question, which need to be addressed.
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