Feed formulation is the major part of aquaculture.The main objective of feed formulation is to utilize the knowledge of nutrient requirements, locally available feed ingredients and digestive capacity of fish for the development of a nutritionally balanced mixture of feed stuff…
Feed formulation is the major part of aquaculture.The main objective of feed formulation is to utilize the knowledge of nutrient requirements, locally available feed ingredients and digestive capacity of fish for the development of a nutritionally balanced mixture of feed stuff…
A SIMPLE PRESENTATION MADE FOR THE PLUS TWO STUDENTS OF VELLANADU GOVT.HSS, TRIVANDRUM AND PRESENTED ON 19/09/2015 IN A PROGRAM ORGANISED BY FISH FARMERS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (FFDA) OF FISHERIES DEPARTMENT OF KERALA
exotic breeds
.Based on the place of origin (Standard or official classification)
.Based on utility, economics or commercial value
Turkey breeds, quail varieties, duck breeds, comb types
integrated fish farming system;ecosystem of IFFs;History of IFFs paddy rice-fish system;duck-fish system; poultry-fish system; Goat or sheep-fish system; seri-fish culture; mushroom-fish culture; vermicompost-fish system; agri-fish system; livestock-fish system; facts and status of integrated fish farming system;
A SIMPLE PRESENTATION MADE FOR THE PLUS TWO STUDENTS OF VELLANADU GOVT.HSS, TRIVANDRUM AND PRESENTED ON 19/09/2015 IN A PROGRAM ORGANISED BY FISH FARMERS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (FFDA) OF FISHERIES DEPARTMENT OF KERALA
exotic breeds
.Based on the place of origin (Standard or official classification)
.Based on utility, economics or commercial value
Turkey breeds, quail varieties, duck breeds, comb types
integrated fish farming system;ecosystem of IFFs;History of IFFs paddy rice-fish system;duck-fish system; poultry-fish system; Goat or sheep-fish system; seri-fish culture; mushroom-fish culture; vermicompost-fish system; agri-fish system; livestock-fish system; facts and status of integrated fish farming system;
Kyle Coble - The Importance Of Implementing A By-Product Withdraw Strategy Pr...John Blue
The Importance Of Implementing A By-Product Withdraw Strategy Prior To Slaughter In Finishing Pigs: A Review Of Strategies That Mitigate The Negative Impact On Carcass Yield - Kyle Coble, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
Effect of carbohydrate source and cottonseed meal levelon Feed intake, rumen...Faisal A. Alshamiry
conducted to investigate the effects of locally available carbohydrate sources and cotton-seed meal levels on voluntary feed intake, rumen fermentation, and milk production in lactating dairy cows.
Dear all
who and all seeing this ppt thanks for reading here is small brief information about this presentation. It contain the lab scale biscuits preparation which were fortified with flaxseed powder and fenugreek leaves. the increase or decrease of and quality attributes and reason for it. this is 6 moths study of my UG program hope it will use full to who have been chosen baking technology as their domain and to all food technologist .
Regards
Pallavi
Lori Thomas - The Effect of Parity and Stage of Gestation on Whole Body and M...John Blue
The Effect of Parity and Stage of Gestation on Whole Body and Maternal Growth and Feed Efficiency of Gestating Sows - Lori Thomas, from the 2017 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 16-19, 2017, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2017-leman-swine-conference-material
AHS13 Jeff Leighton — The Role of Omega 3 Oils in the Treatment of Chronic In...Ancestral Health Society
Inflammation is associated with virtually all chronic, progressive diseases such as heart disease, vascular disease, asthma, IBS, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and even chronic neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. The signals that induce inflammation are multifactorial. High dose omega 3 has the potential to be as or more effective than pharmaceutical therapies. We will report on a series of omega 3 studies that compared dose response, dose timing, (e.g. once a day or twice a day), and food intake (with or without) in four separate cohorts.
Application of digestibility values in poultry and bioassay and analytical procedures using poultry
Sri Venkateswara veterinary university
Animal nutrition
Vishnu Vardhan Reddy
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS) FED MILLET WASTE.pptxIorheesaviour
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS) FED MILLET WASTE. THE STUDY INVESTIGATE THE USE OF MILLET WATSE OBTAINED FROM RESIDUE OF WET GRINDED MILLET IN THE DIET OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS . THE STUDY IS CONDUCTED IN MAKURDI BENUE STATE NIGERIAN.
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Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
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optics at visible wavelengths.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
3. Introduction
Fish food consist of natural food and artificial feed.
Single feed ingredients may be fed to fish to
supplement available natural food in a pond.
However ,combining ingredients may make better
quality supplemental feed. Fish would grow well on
a feed containing 20 to 30% crude protein ,of which
7 to 10% of the protein is from animal source. When
natural food is abundant and fish are stocked at low
densities,a 20 to 25% protein content is suitable. A
30% or more crude protein content is more suitable
for fish are stoked at high densities.
5. Pearson’s Square Method.
• The simplest method to calculate the ration, It can
be used for 2 and more ingredients.
• It can be balanced only one nutrient (make your
choice for crude protein or crude fat).
• Always keep in mind the nutrient value of the
ingredients.
• if we have more than 2 ingredients.
6. Pearson Square
• We have a solution…
• Reach 40% crude protein using fish meal, corn
gluten meal, wheat meal and soybean meal.
• The crude protein % of ingredients:
• Fish meal: 65%
• Corn gluten meal: 38%
• Soybean meal: 42%
• Wheat meal: 17%
7. Pearson Square
• The solution is to make two groups into the
ingredients.
• First group will be consisted of fish meal and
soybean meal.
• Second group will be consisted of corn gluten
meal and wheat meal.
8. calculation
• First group average: (65 + 42) / 2 = 53,5
• Second group average: (38 + 17) / 2 = 27,5
• Group one 53,5 12,5
40
• Group two 27,5 + 13,5
• --------
26
9. calculation
• % of group one: (100 x 12,5) / 26 = 48,07
• % of group two: (100 x 13,5) / 26 = 51,92
• 1st group’s ingredients %: 48,07 / 2 = 24,035
• 2nd group’s ingredients %: 51,92 / 2 = 25,96
10. Calculation 40% crude Protein
• % of Fish meal: 65 x 24,35% = 15,83
• % of Soybean meal: 42 x 24,35% = 10,23
• % of Corn gluten meal: 38 x 25,96% = 9,86
• % of Wheat meal: 17 x 25,96% = 4,41
• Total = 40,33
11. Trial and Error Method
To choose a combination of ingredients that will
provide a feed containing between 25 to 30%
crude protein.
Ingredient Amount of ingredient
(Kg)
%of Protein
Rice Bran 40 9.9
Brewer Waste 20 22.8
Soyabean Meal 28 46.2
Fish Meal 12 57.7
Total 100
12. Calculation
• To calculate the required % CP in feed.
Rice bran- 40*9.9/100=3.96(4.0)
Brewer waste -20*22.8/100=4.56
Soyabean meal-28*46.2/100=12.93
Fish meal -12*57.7/100=6.92
Total Crude Protein=28.4
13. Calculation
This feed would contain 28.4kg of crude
protein if 100kg of the listed ingredients were
combined as indicated.This would make a feed
containing approximately 28% crude protein
by weight scince.28.4kg*100kg/100=28.4%
Protein containt.
14. Conclusion
• Natural food organisms (Phytoplankton ,
zooplankton,insects,crustaceans,copepods and
molluscs) in water will provide essential nutrients
but in the conditions (in sufficient of natural
foods, high stocking density, promote faster
growth) use artificial food.In the use of
supplementary feed based on strategies.
Hammer Mill