The document describes how to use a Pearson Square to formulate animal feed rations by mixing different feed ingredients to achieve a desired protein or nutrient level. It provides an example of mixing corn soybean meal (CSM) and barley to create 600 lbs of 26% crude protein feed. The steps include: 1) Setting up the Pearson Square with feeds and desired protein, 2) Subtracting diagonally to determine parts of each feed, 3) Converting parts to percentages of the total, 4) Calculating pounds of each feed needed based on the total amount. The example determines 365 lbs of barley and 235 lbs of CSM are needed to achieve the 26% crude protein ration.

1. Balancing Feed
Rations:
Pearson Squares

2. Sample Problem
• Formulate 600 lbs of a 26% Crude
Protein (CP) ration using CSM (54%
CP) and Barley (8% CP).

3. What’s Being Asked?
• You have 2 different feeds on hand,
each containing a certain amount of
protein. But for your purposes, neither
will suffice. You need to mix them to
make a new feed of a specific amount
protein. And you need to make 600 lbs
of the new feed.

4. Solving…..using a Pearson
Square
• These types of problems are easy….but
you have to use the Pearson Square.
– 1st
set up the square (this will be the same
every time:

5. • 2nd
, label the square:
Feed #1 goes here
Feed #2 goes here
Feed #1 also goes here
Feed #2 also goes here
With its %CP
With its %CP
The %CP you
want goes here

6. This is what it should look like:
CSM 54%
Barley 8%
26%
CSM
Barley

7. • 3rd
, some simple subtraction…one feed
at a time.
• Subtract going diagonally: #1. CSM (54) – 26 = 28%
Barley:
CSM 54%
26%
Barley 8%
CSM
28 parts Barley

8. • 4th
, do the same calculation for the
second feed.
• Subtract on the other diagonal: Barley (8%) – 26 = -18 %
CSM. But just use the absolute value….ignore the
negative sign:
CSM 54%
Barley 8%
18 parts
CSM
28 parts Barley
26%

9. • 5th
, add up total parts CSM and Barley for the
new feed:
CSM 54%
Barley 8%
CSM 18%
Barley 28%
+
46 total (18 + 28 = 46)
26%

10. Wait….What’s going on?
• We just calculated what percent of our new
ration will be CSM and Barley: of the total
amount of new feed, it will be 28 parts Barley
and 18 parts CSM. Now we have to
determine how many pounds of each this
correlates to. Once we know that, we can mix
our feeds together.

11. • So from the square, we know that in our
final feed we need:
– 28 parts Barley
– 18 parts CSM
• We also know from the problem that we
need 600 lbs of the new feed.
– This is the easy part!

12. Just convert parts to %:
• Remember the formula for percentage:
– Part/whole x 100 = %part
• Barley:
– 28 parts / 46 total parts x 100 = 60.87%
• CSM:
– 18 parts / 46 total parts x 100 = 39.13 %

13. Then convert % to lbs:
• Now we know what % of final feed will be
barley and CSM, and from the problem, we
know we want 600 total lbs of feed. We just
need to figure out how many lbs of each this
means!
– Barley: 600 lb x .6087 = 365.22 lbs!
– CSM: 600 lb x .3913 = 234.78 lbs!
– This is your answer! You need to mix 365.22 lbs
barley and 234.78 lbs CSM to make your mix!

14. Let’s Check the Answer
• Barley: we determined 365.22 lbs needed;
and from the problem we know that our barley
is 8% CP;
– 365.22 x 0.08 = 29.22 lb CP
• CSM: we determined 234.78 lbs needed;
from the problem we know CSM is 54% CP;
– 234.78 x 0.54 = 126.78
• These two answers should add to give the
percent CP we were looking for:
– 29.22 + 126.78 = 156
– 156 lb CP / 600 total lb feed x 100 = 26% CP

15. Ready for another one?
• A zelephant is on a feed that requires a
ration containing 55% TDN. The TDN of
two feeds, alfalfa hay and corn, are
89% and 22%, respectively. Determine
the amounts of each feed necessary (in
units/300 lbs) to meet the TDN
requirement of the zelephant.

16. Hints!
• Remember the steps:
– 1. Set up the square and label it: the labels stay
the same going across!
– 2. Subtract going DIAGONALLY
– 3. Get total parts
– 4. Find each feed % from the total parts
– 5. Convert the % to lbs based on total amount
feed we need
– 6. Check your answer!

17. Answer
Alfalfa Hay 89%
Corn 22%
33 parts Alfalfa Hay
34 parts Corn
55%
67 total parts
Alfalfa: 33 parts / 67 total x 100 = 49.25%; 300 lbs x .4925 =147.75 lbs
Corn: 34 parts / 67 total x 100 = 50.75%; 300 lbs x .5075 = 152.25 lbs
Check the answer: alfalfa: 147.75lbs x .89 TDN = 131.49 lb TDN
corn: 152.25 lbs x .22 TDN = 33.49 lb TDN
131.49 + 33.49 = 164.98 total TDN / 300 lb feed x 100 = 55% TDN