This document summarizes a study that evaluated the feasibility of using a dual compartment microbial fuel cell (DC-MFC) to treat dairy wastewater. The DC-MFC consisted of an anode and cathode chamber separated by a filter media. Three different electrode materials - aluminum, copper, and stainless steel - were tested. The DC-MFC achieved maximum COD, BOD, and TDS removal of 92.2%, 88.02%, and 76.3% respectively using copper electrodes at an organic loading rate of 2.188 kgCOD/m3/day and hydraulic retention time of 25.75 hours. Overall, the results suggest that DC-MFC is an effective alternative for treating dairy industry wast
IRJET- Feasibility Studies on Electricity Generation from Dairy Wastewater u...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on electricity generation from dairy wastewater using a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Dairy effluent was used as the substrate in a dual chamber MFC with a copper electrode and agar-NaCl salt bridge. Maximum efficiencies of 71.7%, 67.6%, 49.7%, 43.8%, and 68.9% were achieved in removing COD, BOD, EC, TDS, and oil/grease respectively with a 6 hour detention time. This setup generated a maximum power of 55.118 μW and electrical energy of 0.0992124 W-sec, demonstrating that MFCs can effectively treat dairy wastewater while also generating off-
Phyto-mediated Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles by Cassia auriculata and its...IJEAB
An eco-friendly loom has been taking up in the present study to synthesize copper nanoparticles using Cassia auriculata. The leaf extract of Cassia auriculata acts as reducing as well as capping agent. Synthesis of copper nanoparticles was initially confirmed by the visual observation i.e color change (dark green color). The synthesized copper nanoparticles were primarily characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Further, the formation of amorphous and crystalline phase was analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction pattern. The size and morphology of the synthesized Copper nanoparticles was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the elemental composition was analyzed by EDAX. The present study is a preliminary investigation to know about the capability of Cassia auriculata to synthesize copper nanoparticles from its salts. The results of the present study confirmed that the leaf extract of Cassia auriculata be capable of recovering copper from printed circuit boards in the form of nanoparticles in near future.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document studies the dielectric properties of irradiated and non-irradiated muga silk fibers in the presence of oxygen at elevated temperatures. It finds that the dielectric constant and loss are significantly higher for both raw and irradiated fibers in oxygen compared to air, and an additional peak arises in the dielectric constant-temperature curve in oxygen. Specifically, at 323K the dielectric constant is 4.96 and dielectric loss is 0.1 for irradiated fiber in oxygen, compared to 2.31 and 0.231 respectively in air. For non-irradiated fiber, the values are 67.49 and 1.9 in oxygen versus 4.96 and 0.496 in air. The presence of oxygen decreases degradation
Facile Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Method and their Applic...IRJET Journal
The document describes a study that synthesized copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles using a hydrothermal method. The CuO nanoparticles were characterized through various techniques and tested for their antibacterial properties. Specifically, the study synthesized CuO nanorods through a surfactant-free hydrothermal process. The nanoparticles were analyzed using XRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed the nanoparticles had a monoclinic crystal structure. SEM showed they had a rod-like morphology. FTIR identified Cu-O bonds. UV-Vis determined the optical bandgap. Tests found the CuO nanoparticles showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition increasing at higher concentrations.
IRJET- An Investigation Into the Efficacy of Fungal Biomass as a Low Cost...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of dead fungal biomass from Penicillium sp. as a low-cost bioadsorbent for removing lead from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the effect of initial lead concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact time on lead adsorption. The maximum adsorption of 78.03% was achieved under optimal conditions of 10 mg/L initial lead concentration, 1 g/L adsorbent dose, and 2 hours contact time. Characterization using SEM-EDX and FTIR analysis provided insights into the adsorption mechanism and surface properties of the fungal biomass that facilitated lead removal. The study demonstrated that dead Penicillium
IRJET-Development of multifunctional non- woven fabrics by electro spinning f...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on developing multifunctional non-woven fabrics using electrospinning for medical protection. Specifically, it investigated adding citronella essential oil to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and starch polymer solutions, then electrospinning the mixtures onto non-woven viscose and polypropylene fabrics. The resulting fabrics demonstrated antibacterial and mosquito repellent properties from the citronella oil, as well as a pleasant fragrance. The electrospinning technique was able to incorporate these functional properties into fabrics that could be used to make face masks, medical drapes, and other protective materials.
In the present work, green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles has wide interest due to its inherent features such as eco-friendly and low costs. Here we propose a cost effective and eco-friendly green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using aloe barbadensis and copper acetate. Aloe barbadensis has antioxidant property that helps in the formation of nanoparticles. Aloe barbadensis extract was obtained by heating it in distilled water and mixed to copper acetate to form copper oxide nanoparticles. The synthesised nanoparticles were analysed using UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction studies (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
IRJET- Feasibility Studies on Electricity Generation from Dairy Wastewater u...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on electricity generation from dairy wastewater using a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Dairy effluent was used as the substrate in a dual chamber MFC with a copper electrode and agar-NaCl salt bridge. Maximum efficiencies of 71.7%, 67.6%, 49.7%, 43.8%, and 68.9% were achieved in removing COD, BOD, EC, TDS, and oil/grease respectively with a 6 hour detention time. This setup generated a maximum power of 55.118 μW and electrical energy of 0.0992124 W-sec, demonstrating that MFCs can effectively treat dairy wastewater while also generating off-
Phyto-mediated Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles by Cassia auriculata and its...IJEAB
An eco-friendly loom has been taking up in the present study to synthesize copper nanoparticles using Cassia auriculata. The leaf extract of Cassia auriculata acts as reducing as well as capping agent. Synthesis of copper nanoparticles was initially confirmed by the visual observation i.e color change (dark green color). The synthesized copper nanoparticles were primarily characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Further, the formation of amorphous and crystalline phase was analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction pattern. The size and morphology of the synthesized Copper nanoparticles was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the elemental composition was analyzed by EDAX. The present study is a preliminary investigation to know about the capability of Cassia auriculata to synthesize copper nanoparticles from its salts. The results of the present study confirmed that the leaf extract of Cassia auriculata be capable of recovering copper from printed circuit boards in the form of nanoparticles in near future.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document studies the dielectric properties of irradiated and non-irradiated muga silk fibers in the presence of oxygen at elevated temperatures. It finds that the dielectric constant and loss are significantly higher for both raw and irradiated fibers in oxygen compared to air, and an additional peak arises in the dielectric constant-temperature curve in oxygen. Specifically, at 323K the dielectric constant is 4.96 and dielectric loss is 0.1 for irradiated fiber in oxygen, compared to 2.31 and 0.231 respectively in air. For non-irradiated fiber, the values are 67.49 and 1.9 in oxygen versus 4.96 and 0.496 in air. The presence of oxygen decreases degradation
Facile Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Method and their Applic...IRJET Journal
The document describes a study that synthesized copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles using a hydrothermal method. The CuO nanoparticles were characterized through various techniques and tested for their antibacterial properties. Specifically, the study synthesized CuO nanorods through a surfactant-free hydrothermal process. The nanoparticles were analyzed using XRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed the nanoparticles had a monoclinic crystal structure. SEM showed they had a rod-like morphology. FTIR identified Cu-O bonds. UV-Vis determined the optical bandgap. Tests found the CuO nanoparticles showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition increasing at higher concentrations.
IRJET- An Investigation Into the Efficacy of Fungal Biomass as a Low Cost...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of dead fungal biomass from Penicillium sp. as a low-cost bioadsorbent for removing lead from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the effect of initial lead concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact time on lead adsorption. The maximum adsorption of 78.03% was achieved under optimal conditions of 10 mg/L initial lead concentration, 1 g/L adsorbent dose, and 2 hours contact time. Characterization using SEM-EDX and FTIR analysis provided insights into the adsorption mechanism and surface properties of the fungal biomass that facilitated lead removal. The study demonstrated that dead Penicillium
IRJET-Development of multifunctional non- woven fabrics by electro spinning f...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on developing multifunctional non-woven fabrics using electrospinning for medical protection. Specifically, it investigated adding citronella essential oil to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and starch polymer solutions, then electrospinning the mixtures onto non-woven viscose and polypropylene fabrics. The resulting fabrics demonstrated antibacterial and mosquito repellent properties from the citronella oil, as well as a pleasant fragrance. The electrospinning technique was able to incorporate these functional properties into fabrics that could be used to make face masks, medical drapes, and other protective materials.
In the present work, green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles has wide interest due to its inherent features such as eco-friendly and low costs. Here we propose a cost effective and eco-friendly green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using aloe barbadensis and copper acetate. Aloe barbadensis has antioxidant property that helps in the formation of nanoparticles. Aloe barbadensis extract was obtained by heating it in distilled water and mixed to copper acetate to form copper oxide nanoparticles. The synthesised nanoparticles were analysed using UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction studies (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using PlantsIRJET Journal
This document discusses the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using various plant leaves, including neem, mango, lemon, and a combination of the three. Silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using aqueous extracts of the leaves. The silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy and SEM analysis. Optimization studies examined the effect of parameters like silver ion concentration, plant extract concentration, pH, and temperature on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The studies found that a silver ion concentration of 1mM, plant extract concentration of 1ml, pH of 7, and temperature of 25°C produced the highest yield of silver nanoparticles. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
1) A highly selective and sensitive silver(I) ion sensor was developed using a dilaktam crown ether (DLCE) ionophore in a plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane.
2) The sensor exhibited a Nernstian response with a slope of 59.8 mV/decade over a wide silver ion concentration range of 1x10-5 M to 1x10-1 M and a detection limit of 6.8x10-6 M.
3) The sensor demonstrated good selectivity for silver ions over various other metal ions and could be used to accurately determine silver content in electroplating wastewater samples by direct potentiometric measurement.
IRJET- Effect of Intensity - Temperature on Ultrasonic Dextran DegradationIRJET Journal
This document discusses an experiment investigating the effect of ultrasound intensity and temperature on the degradation of dextran solutions. Dextran, a polysaccharide produced by bacteria, was sonicated at various intensities (19.2-34.6 W/cm2) and temperatures (10-25°C) for up to 150 minutes. The specific viscosity of the dextran solutions was measured over time using a capillary viscometer to analyze degradation kinetics. Theoretical models were used to determine degradation constants and limit viscosities. The results showed that degradation constants and limit viscosities decreased with increasing intensity and temperature, as higher intensities and temperatures enhanced degradation through cavitation and vapor pressure effects.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF WOOL KERATIN BASED CHITOSAN NANOFIBERS FOR AIR ...AM Publications
In this article, we have extracted keratin from deccani wool waste and prepared the wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers by electrospinning technique. The prepared nanofibers mat were prepared with different weight percent ratio like 1wt.%, 3wt.% and 5wt.% with respect to polymer i.e Chitosan. The physicochemical and filtration properties of wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers were studied. Wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The filtration efficiency of keratin Chitosan nanofibers were investigated through DOP test and heavy metal removal capacity of evaluated through Atomic absorption spectroscopy. FTIR results were showed that Keratin gets compatible with Chitosan. XRD patterns revealed keratin was in crystalline nature and increase the crystalline nature of Chitosan nanofibers. FESEM images showed that uniform nanofibers generation with average fiber diameter 80nm. Nanofibers filtration efficiency against a particulate matter in air was obtained more than 99.53% and excellent property of removal of heavy metal.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...albertdivis
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
A review on graphene based light emitting functional devicesJournal Papers
The document reviews recent developments in graphene-based light-emitting devices. It discusses how light emissions from graphene have been observed through thermal emission, electroluminescence, and plasmon-assisted emission. The review covers the device structures, fabrication methods, optical and electronic properties related to these light emission mechanisms. It also discusses potential applications for graphene light emitters and current technological challenges in the field.
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
The document discusses microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as an alternative for producing clean electricity. MFCs take advantage of microbial metabolism to generate electricity directly. They consist of an anode where microorganisms oxidize organic substrates and release electrons, and a cathode where oxygen is reduced. Microbes can transfer electrons to the anode through either direct contact or electron shuttles like cytochromes. While power outputs from MFCs have increased significantly in recent years, further improvements are still needed before they can compete commercially with other energy technologies. Understanding microbial electron transfer mechanisms and ecology is crucial to optimizing MFCs.
The effect of ZnO Nanoparticles filler on the Attenuation of ZNO/PCL Nanocomp...Abubakar Yakubu
This paper describes an experiment that measured the attenuation of nanocomposites made from polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer and varying amounts of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, using a modified microstrip line technique. The transmission coefficient was measured for nanocomposites with 25%, 35%, 45%, 50%, and 70% ZnO content. Attenuation, which is the absorption of electromagnetic waves, increased with higher ZnO content. The highest attenuation of 14.92 dB was found for the 70% ZnO sample, while the lowest of 6.72 dB was found for the 25% ZnO sample. This shows that increasing the ZnO nanoparticle filler content leads to greater attenuation of electromagnetic waves in
This study examined the surface area that contributes to current density in microbial electrochemical systems. Experiments used a graphite plate working electrode and Geobacter subterraneus to form biofilms on both sides. Chronoamperometry showed biofilms formed on both sides. Cyclic voltammetry identified a direct electron transfer mechanism with a defined potential. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and modeling found the biofilms were uniformly thick at ~75 μm and contributed equally to the current density of ~2.5 A/m2, demonstrating both sides of a planar electrode can transfer electrons regardless of orientation.
PIERRA M., TRABLY E., GODON J.J., BERNET N. Successful enrichment procedure for electroactive biofilm formation from environmental sample. MFC4 / 4th International Microbial Fuel Cell Conference, September 1st - 4th, 2013, Cairns, Queensland, AUSTRALIA
synthesis of nanoparticles by green chemistry approach and their anticancer a...Gulzar Ahmed Rather
1) Klebsiella pneumonia was used to biologically synthesize gold nanoparticles, as indicated by a color change from white to yellow to dark purple.
2) The gold nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, FE-SEM, and XRD, and were spherical in shape with sizes ranging from 40-60nm.
3) The biologically synthesized gold nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against several human pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as measured using the disc diffusion method.
This document summarizes an experiment characterizing the novel anode-respiring bacterium Geoalkalibacter subterraneus. Electrochemical techniques like cyclic voltammetry and confocal microscopy showed that G. subterraneus forms thick biofilms on electrodes and is capable of direct extracellular electron transfer, achieving current densities over 5 A/m2. Analysis of turnover and non-turnover cyclic voltammograms indicates electron transfer occurs via a conduit with a defined formal potential around -365 mV to -428 mV vs SCE. The thick biofilm was composed of multiple layers of metabolically active cells covering the entire electrode surface.
Biofield Treatment Impact on Atomic, Physical and Thermal Properties Indium P...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In a recent research, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi's biofield energy treatment that is also known as The Trivedi Effect is applied to the Indium Powder sample and what it has resulted is really remarkable. Go through the presentation to know more about this research and the outcomes.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properties ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present investigation, Sb2S3 powder samples were exposed to biofield treatment, and further its physical, structural and spectral properties are investigated.
Production of electricity from agricultural soil and dye industrial effluent ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) or biological fuel cells are biochemical system that drives energy by mimicking bacterial interactions found in nature. It converts chemical energy into electrical energy without any combustion reactions being carried out. In our research, soil MFC was constructed and bioelectricity was harvested from two different types of soil samples such as agricultural soil and dye industrial effluent soil. The production of electricity was measured by using power measurements and it was compared for both the soil samples. The dye industrial effluent soil produced 0.93V of electricity continuously for 650 hours whereas the agricultural soil produces 0.82V for 400 hours. Key words: Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC’s), agriculture soil, dye industrial effluent soil, power measurement, electricity.
Production of electricity from agricultural soil and dye industrial effluent ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET- Hydrothermal Pretreatment Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Glucose Pr...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of hydrothermal pretreatment to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis and glucose production from lignocellulosic biomass. Specifically:
- Sawdust samples from hardwood and softwood were treated with sodium hydroxide solution at 80±5°C for varying times. The 180 minute treatment yielded the highest cellulose content (84.9% for hardwood, 83.5% for softwood) and lowest lignin content.
- The pretreated samples were then hydrolyzed with crude enzymes from Trichoderma and Aspergillus niger fungi. The maximum glucose yields were 7.4% and 6% respectively.
- Total solid
Dairy Wastewater Treatment and Electricity Generation using Microbial Fuel CellIRJET Journal
This document discusses using a microbial fuel cell to treat dairy wastewater and generate electricity. The MFC was able to achieve high removal efficiencies of over 90% for various wastewater parameters like COD, BOD, oil and grease. Stainless steel electrodes produced better results than copper electrodes. Increasing the electrode surface area from 103cm2 to 152cm2 significantly improved removal efficiency and power generation. The optimized MFC design with filtration and aeration achieved over 95% removal of certain parameters. Up to 37.651μW of power and 0.0677W sec of electrical energy were generated. The study demonstrates that MFC technology can efficiently treat dairy wastewater while simultaneously recovering energy.
Study of Dairy Wastewater Treatment using Monopolar Series System of Electroc...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on treating dairy wastewater using an electrocoagulation process with aluminum electrodes. Key findings from the study include:
1) Maximum COD, BOD, total solids and turbidity removals of 88%, 88.98%, 63.5%, and 93.1% respectively were achieved using a monopolar series electrode configuration at an optimum pH of 8.0, electrolysis time of 40 minutes, and voltage of 20V.
2) Treated effluent met disposal standards, with color removal reaching 100%.
3) Electrocoagulation with aluminum electrodes in a monopolar parallel system was found to be efficient and economical for dairy wastewater
Electricity Generation Using Textile Wastewater by Single Chambered Microbial...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used a single chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) to generate electricity from textile wastewater while also treating the wastewater. The MFC consisted of an anode chamber containing textile wastewater inoculated with cow dung microorganisms. A carbon electrode arrangement was used as the anode and another carbon electrode in contact with air acted as the cathode, separated by an agar salt bridge. The MFC generated a maximum power of 0.812W/m2 and removed up to 79.6% of chemical oxygen demand from the wastewater. The results demonstrated that a single chamber MFC is capable of simultaneously generating electricity and treating textile wastewater.
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using PlantsIRJET Journal
This document discusses the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using various plant leaves, including neem, mango, lemon, and a combination of the three. Silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using aqueous extracts of the leaves. The silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy and SEM analysis. Optimization studies examined the effect of parameters like silver ion concentration, plant extract concentration, pH, and temperature on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The studies found that a silver ion concentration of 1mM, plant extract concentration of 1ml, pH of 7, and temperature of 25°C produced the highest yield of silver nanoparticles. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
1) A highly selective and sensitive silver(I) ion sensor was developed using a dilaktam crown ether (DLCE) ionophore in a plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane.
2) The sensor exhibited a Nernstian response with a slope of 59.8 mV/decade over a wide silver ion concentration range of 1x10-5 M to 1x10-1 M and a detection limit of 6.8x10-6 M.
3) The sensor demonstrated good selectivity for silver ions over various other metal ions and could be used to accurately determine silver content in electroplating wastewater samples by direct potentiometric measurement.
IRJET- Effect of Intensity - Temperature on Ultrasonic Dextran DegradationIRJET Journal
This document discusses an experiment investigating the effect of ultrasound intensity and temperature on the degradation of dextran solutions. Dextran, a polysaccharide produced by bacteria, was sonicated at various intensities (19.2-34.6 W/cm2) and temperatures (10-25°C) for up to 150 minutes. The specific viscosity of the dextran solutions was measured over time using a capillary viscometer to analyze degradation kinetics. Theoretical models were used to determine degradation constants and limit viscosities. The results showed that degradation constants and limit viscosities decreased with increasing intensity and temperature, as higher intensities and temperatures enhanced degradation through cavitation and vapor pressure effects.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF WOOL KERATIN BASED CHITOSAN NANOFIBERS FOR AIR ...AM Publications
In this article, we have extracted keratin from deccani wool waste and prepared the wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers by electrospinning technique. The prepared nanofibers mat were prepared with different weight percent ratio like 1wt.%, 3wt.% and 5wt.% with respect to polymer i.e Chitosan. The physicochemical and filtration properties of wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers were studied. Wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The filtration efficiency of keratin Chitosan nanofibers were investigated through DOP test and heavy metal removal capacity of evaluated through Atomic absorption spectroscopy. FTIR results were showed that Keratin gets compatible with Chitosan. XRD patterns revealed keratin was in crystalline nature and increase the crystalline nature of Chitosan nanofibers. FESEM images showed that uniform nanofibers generation with average fiber diameter 80nm. Nanofibers filtration efficiency against a particulate matter in air was obtained more than 99.53% and excellent property of removal of heavy metal.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...albertdivis
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
A review on graphene based light emitting functional devicesJournal Papers
The document reviews recent developments in graphene-based light-emitting devices. It discusses how light emissions from graphene have been observed through thermal emission, electroluminescence, and plasmon-assisted emission. The review covers the device structures, fabrication methods, optical and electronic properties related to these light emission mechanisms. It also discusses potential applications for graphene light emitters and current technological challenges in the field.
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
The document discusses microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as an alternative for producing clean electricity. MFCs take advantage of microbial metabolism to generate electricity directly. They consist of an anode where microorganisms oxidize organic substrates and release electrons, and a cathode where oxygen is reduced. Microbes can transfer electrons to the anode through either direct contact or electron shuttles like cytochromes. While power outputs from MFCs have increased significantly in recent years, further improvements are still needed before they can compete commercially with other energy technologies. Understanding microbial electron transfer mechanisms and ecology is crucial to optimizing MFCs.
The effect of ZnO Nanoparticles filler on the Attenuation of ZNO/PCL Nanocomp...Abubakar Yakubu
This paper describes an experiment that measured the attenuation of nanocomposites made from polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer and varying amounts of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, using a modified microstrip line technique. The transmission coefficient was measured for nanocomposites with 25%, 35%, 45%, 50%, and 70% ZnO content. Attenuation, which is the absorption of electromagnetic waves, increased with higher ZnO content. The highest attenuation of 14.92 dB was found for the 70% ZnO sample, while the lowest of 6.72 dB was found for the 25% ZnO sample. This shows that increasing the ZnO nanoparticle filler content leads to greater attenuation of electromagnetic waves in
This study examined the surface area that contributes to current density in microbial electrochemical systems. Experiments used a graphite plate working electrode and Geobacter subterraneus to form biofilms on both sides. Chronoamperometry showed biofilms formed on both sides. Cyclic voltammetry identified a direct electron transfer mechanism with a defined potential. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and modeling found the biofilms were uniformly thick at ~75 μm and contributed equally to the current density of ~2.5 A/m2, demonstrating both sides of a planar electrode can transfer electrons regardless of orientation.
PIERRA M., TRABLY E., GODON J.J., BERNET N. Successful enrichment procedure for electroactive biofilm formation from environmental sample. MFC4 / 4th International Microbial Fuel Cell Conference, September 1st - 4th, 2013, Cairns, Queensland, AUSTRALIA
synthesis of nanoparticles by green chemistry approach and their anticancer a...Gulzar Ahmed Rather
1) Klebsiella pneumonia was used to biologically synthesize gold nanoparticles, as indicated by a color change from white to yellow to dark purple.
2) The gold nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, FE-SEM, and XRD, and were spherical in shape with sizes ranging from 40-60nm.
3) The biologically synthesized gold nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against several human pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as measured using the disc diffusion method.
This document summarizes an experiment characterizing the novel anode-respiring bacterium Geoalkalibacter subterraneus. Electrochemical techniques like cyclic voltammetry and confocal microscopy showed that G. subterraneus forms thick biofilms on electrodes and is capable of direct extracellular electron transfer, achieving current densities over 5 A/m2. Analysis of turnover and non-turnover cyclic voltammograms indicates electron transfer occurs via a conduit with a defined formal potential around -365 mV to -428 mV vs SCE. The thick biofilm was composed of multiple layers of metabolically active cells covering the entire electrode surface.
Biofield Treatment Impact on Atomic, Physical and Thermal Properties Indium P...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In a recent research, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi's biofield energy treatment that is also known as The Trivedi Effect is applied to the Indium Powder sample and what it has resulted is really remarkable. Go through the presentation to know more about this research and the outcomes.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properties ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present investigation, Sb2S3 powder samples were exposed to biofield treatment, and further its physical, structural and spectral properties are investigated.
Production of electricity from agricultural soil and dye industrial effluent ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) or biological fuel cells are biochemical system that drives energy by mimicking bacterial interactions found in nature. It converts chemical energy into electrical energy without any combustion reactions being carried out. In our research, soil MFC was constructed and bioelectricity was harvested from two different types of soil samples such as agricultural soil and dye industrial effluent soil. The production of electricity was measured by using power measurements and it was compared for both the soil samples. The dye industrial effluent soil produced 0.93V of electricity continuously for 650 hours whereas the agricultural soil produces 0.82V for 400 hours. Key words: Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC’s), agriculture soil, dye industrial effluent soil, power measurement, electricity.
Production of electricity from agricultural soil and dye industrial effluent ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET- Hydrothermal Pretreatment Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Glucose Pr...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of hydrothermal pretreatment to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis and glucose production from lignocellulosic biomass. Specifically:
- Sawdust samples from hardwood and softwood were treated with sodium hydroxide solution at 80±5°C for varying times. The 180 minute treatment yielded the highest cellulose content (84.9% for hardwood, 83.5% for softwood) and lowest lignin content.
- The pretreated samples were then hydrolyzed with crude enzymes from Trichoderma and Aspergillus niger fungi. The maximum glucose yields were 7.4% and 6% respectively.
- Total solid
Dairy Wastewater Treatment and Electricity Generation using Microbial Fuel CellIRJET Journal
This document discusses using a microbial fuel cell to treat dairy wastewater and generate electricity. The MFC was able to achieve high removal efficiencies of over 90% for various wastewater parameters like COD, BOD, oil and grease. Stainless steel electrodes produced better results than copper electrodes. Increasing the electrode surface area from 103cm2 to 152cm2 significantly improved removal efficiency and power generation. The optimized MFC design with filtration and aeration achieved over 95% removal of certain parameters. Up to 37.651μW of power and 0.0677W sec of electrical energy were generated. The study demonstrates that MFC technology can efficiently treat dairy wastewater while simultaneously recovering energy.
Study of Dairy Wastewater Treatment using Monopolar Series System of Electroc...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on treating dairy wastewater using an electrocoagulation process with aluminum electrodes. Key findings from the study include:
1) Maximum COD, BOD, total solids and turbidity removals of 88%, 88.98%, 63.5%, and 93.1% respectively were achieved using a monopolar series electrode configuration at an optimum pH of 8.0, electrolysis time of 40 minutes, and voltage of 20V.
2) Treated effluent met disposal standards, with color removal reaching 100%.
3) Electrocoagulation with aluminum electrodes in a monopolar parallel system was found to be efficient and economical for dairy wastewater
Electricity Generation Using Textile Wastewater by Single Chambered Microbial...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used a single chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) to generate electricity from textile wastewater while also treating the wastewater. The MFC consisted of an anode chamber containing textile wastewater inoculated with cow dung microorganisms. A carbon electrode arrangement was used as the anode and another carbon electrode in contact with air acted as the cathode, separated by an agar salt bridge. The MFC generated a maximum power of 0.812W/m2 and removed up to 79.6% of chemical oxygen demand from the wastewater. The results demonstrated that a single chamber MFC is capable of simultaneously generating electricity and treating textile wastewater.
Treatment of Dairy Wastewater by Using Electro-Fenton Process by Adopting Alu...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using an electro-fenton process with aluminum and iron electrodes to treat dairy wastewater. The process uses a Fenton reagent and electricity applied to electrodes to remove parameters like chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS). Response surface methodology was used to optimize independent variables like Fenton dosage, electric potential, electrolysis time, and distance between electrodes. The optimal conditions found were a Fenton dosage of 3.5 ml/L, electric potential of 12V, electrolysis time of 35 minutes, and distance between electrodes of 4cm, achieving 84.26% COD removal and 90.47% TSS removal.
IRJET- Electrocoagulation of Hotel Wastewater using Different ElectrodesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using electrocoagulation to treat hotel wastewater. Different electrode materials were tested including aluminum, mild steel, stainless steel, and combinations. Aluminum and an aluminum-mild steel combination achieved the highest removal efficiencies for turbidity, TSS, COD, and BOD of the hotel wastewater. Specifically, aluminum electrodes alone removed 94.14% of turbidity, 99.55% of TSS, 89.36% of COD, and 85.04% of BOD. The document concludes that aluminum electrodes are the most effective and recommendable for electrocoagulation treatment of hotel wastewater.
TREATMENT OF HOSPITAL WASTEWATER BY USING ELECTROCOAGULATIONIRJET Journal
The document summarizes research on treating hospital wastewater using electrocoagulation. It discusses using aluminum and iron electrodes at different voltages, electrolysis times, and electrode distances. The highest removal effectiveness was achieved at 30 volts for 60 minutes with an electrode distance of 2cm, removing 86% of total solids, 87.97% of total dissolved solids, 70.83% of suspended solids, 85.27% of BOD, and 70.28% of COD. The results were compared to BIS wastewater standards.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance Evaluation of Floating Treatment Wetlands Integrated with Microbi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that evaluated a laboratory scale model of a floating treatment wetland integrated with a microbial fuel cell for treating dairy wastewater. Canna Indica plants were used in the floating wetland and graphite electrodes were used in the microbial fuel cell. Tests were conducted on the treated wastewater after 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours and showed reductions in biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and pH over time, with the best results after 4 hours of treatment. The study concluded the system was effective at removing pollutants from dairy wastewater and maintaining appropriate pH levels as the reaction time increased.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Rotating Biological Contactor Wastewater Treatment Using Banana Leaves for Gr...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that evaluated using banana leaves in a rotating biological contactor (RBC) system to treat wastewater for irrigation purposes. Two identical RBC stages were used to treat wastewater after primary treatment. Banana leaves placed in a plastic bottle were used as the media in the RBC stages. The system was operated for 5 days at a rotation speed of 5 RPM and a hydraulic retention time of 3 days, which provided the best removal results. Testing of the wastewater found that the RBC system using banana leaves achieved a BOD removal rate of around 79.16%, COD removal of around 90.6%, and TSS removal of around 78.95% after the second R
This document summarizes a study on the membrane assisted electrochemical degradation of three textile dyes: Quinoline Yellow, Eosin B, and Rose Bengal. The study characterized the dyes and evaluated their degradation using four different polyelectrolyte membranes in an electrochemical membrane reactor. Degradation was compared for the different membranes and optimized experimental conditions. The goal was to develop an electrochemical membrane process for treating and reusing textile dye wastewater.
The document compares the efficiency of electrocoagulation (EC) and chemical coagulation processes for treating paint wastewater in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. EC using aluminum electrodes achieved a maximum 73% COD removal efficiency, outperforming chemical coagulation using alum which achieved 66% removal. Operational parameters like electrolyte concentration, pH, current density, and initial contaminant concentration influence the performance of EC for paint wastewater treatment.
Development of a Carbon Paste Sensor for Floral Classification of Honey Sampl...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that used an electronic tongue system with carbon paste and glassy carbon electrodes to classify honey samples by floral origin. Cyclic voltammetry was performed on honey samples from four floral sources. The response data was analyzed using principal component analysis and linear discriminate analysis. The results showed that the carbon paste electrodes provided better separation and classification of the honey samples compared to the glassy carbon electrodes, with 97.14% variance explained compared to 93.99%. The carbon paste sensors are proposed as a promising low-cost alternative for determining the floral type of honey.
Frabication of an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor from Terminalia catappa le...IJAEMSJORNAL
Metal corrosion is one of the most challenging problems facing industries. Using corrosion inhibitors is one reasonable approach to protecting metal surfaces. Due to the toxicity of industrial corrosion inhibitors, researchers are continuously searching for green, economical, and friendly alternatives. The present study focuses on the application of Terminalia catappa leaf extract to mitigate the corrosion of concrete reinforcing steel in a simulated seawater environment. The dry product from the Terminalia catappa leaf extraction process was determined to have amino functional groups in polyphenols. Polarization results demonstrate that the corrosion current density decreases from 8.87 A/cm2 (for samples soaked in blank solution) to 5.12 µA/cm2 when adding the optimal concentration of 0.004% of Terminalia catappa leaf extract. 3.5% NaCl solution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis showed that the inhibition efficiency reached over 90% at this concentration after 24 hours of soaking.
Predictive Model for Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in HCl by Crushed Lea...IRJET Journal
The document presents a study on using crushed leaves of the Clerodendrum Splendens plant as a natural corrosion inhibitor for mild steel immersed in hydrochloric acid solutions. Key findings from the study include:
1) The crushed leaves reduced the corrosion rate of mild steel and improved inhibition efficiency as exposure time and leaf quantity increased, with the highest efficiency of 70.7% achieved.
2) A predictive corrosion model was developed using multiple regression and artificial neural networks to predict corrosion rates based on time, acid concentration, and leaf quantity.
3) Analysis of the steel surface suggested the leaves form a protective film associated with functional groups that inhibit corrosion.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Facile Green Synthesis and Characterization Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using ...IRJET Journal
Copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using Albizia Amara leaves extract. The nanoparticles were characterized through various techniques. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed an absorption peak confirming the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles. XRD analysis revealed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles to be monoclinic copper oxide with an average size of 38.93 nm. FTIR spectroscopy identified the possible biomolecules capping the nanoparticles. SEM images showed the nanoparticles were in the range of 60-80 nm and EDX confirmed the elemental composition of copper and oxygen. The green synthesis method was found to be a simple and effective approach for producing copper oxide nanoparticles.
IRJET- Application of Electrocoagulation in Wastewater Treatment: A General R...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of electrocoagulation (EC) for wastewater treatment from various industries. EC is a process that uses electric current to pass between metal electrodes in wastewater, treating contaminants without adding chemicals. The document summarizes research on EC for 8 types of wastewater. For municipal wastewater, EC using aluminum electrodes achieved 83.5% COD and 96.9% TSS removal within 60 minutes at low current density. For dairy wastewater, high voltages like 60V over 60 minutes removed over 98% of COD, BOD and TSS. EC has also been shown to effectively treat wastewater from paper/pulp, textiles, landfill le
Influence Of Oregano Essential Oil in Bio Electrochemical System for Electric...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated using oregano essential oil (OEO) to suppress methanogenesis in a bioelectrochemical system for electricity generation. The system used mixed anaerobic sludge and synthesized wastewater in dual chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs). MFCs with sludge pretreated with OEO extract or heat showed higher operating voltages and power outputs compared to an untreated control MFC, indicating OEO was effective at suppressing methanogens without inhibiting electrogenic bacteria. The optimal OEO dosage found was 0.2 mL/L based on methane suppression measurements. Therefore, OEO pretreatment improved the performance of the bioelectrochemical system for electricity production from wastewater.
Similar to Feasibility Study on Treatability of Dairy Wastewater Employing Dual Compartment Microbial Fuel Cell (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.