In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...albertdivis
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Atomic and Structural Character...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
. Present study investigates impact of Biofield treatment on physical and atomic properties of Mn3O4. X-ray diffraction revealed the significant effect of biofield on lattice parameter, unit cell volume, molecular weight, crystallite sizes and densities of treated Mn3O4.
Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Atomic and Structural Character...albertdivis
In Mn3O4, the crystal structure, dislocation density, particle size and spin of the electrons plays crucial role in modulating its magnetic properties. Present study investigates impact of Biofield treatment on physical and atomic properties of Mn3O4.
Structural and Dielectric Studies of Cerium Substituted Nickel Ferrite Nano P...theijes
Cerium substituted Nickel ferrite nanoparticles with general formula NiCeXFe2-XO4 (x=0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) have been synthesized by using sol-gel method. The crystalline structure and grain size of these particles were analyzed by using XRD; the particle size ranged from 12.22nm to 17.60nm.The decrease in value of the lattice parameter with doping suggests that there is shrinkage in unit cell. The single-phase cubic spinal structure was clearly indicated by the XRD patterns of pure NiFe2O4.The XRD pattern also show that all the samples had formed the cubic single phase spinal structure. Dielectric properties have been studied in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 5 MHz. Permittivity and tangent loss (tanδ) decreases with the substitution of Ce3+ in parent crystal structure.
EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ON STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF NANOWIRESijoejournal
Copper nanowires were prepared through electrochemical template synthesis using Nucleopore polycarbonate membranes having nominal pore sizes of 800nm and 15nm diameter. The 800nm and 15nm nanowires thus grown were viewed under SEM and TEM respectively, while their FCC crystallographic structure was confirmed through X-ray and electron diffraction patterns. The X-ray diffraction peaks indicated strong texturing for (200). The texturing was found to reduce significantly upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properties ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present investigation, Sb2S3 powder samples were exposed to biofield treatment, and further its physical, structural and spectral properties are investigated.
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...albertdivis
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Atomic and Structural Character...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
. Present study investigates impact of Biofield treatment on physical and atomic properties of Mn3O4. X-ray diffraction revealed the significant effect of biofield on lattice parameter, unit cell volume, molecular weight, crystallite sizes and densities of treated Mn3O4.
Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Atomic and Structural Character...albertdivis
In Mn3O4, the crystal structure, dislocation density, particle size and spin of the electrons plays crucial role in modulating its magnetic properties. Present study investigates impact of Biofield treatment on physical and atomic properties of Mn3O4.
Structural and Dielectric Studies of Cerium Substituted Nickel Ferrite Nano P...theijes
Cerium substituted Nickel ferrite nanoparticles with general formula NiCeXFe2-XO4 (x=0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) have been synthesized by using sol-gel method. The crystalline structure and grain size of these particles were analyzed by using XRD; the particle size ranged from 12.22nm to 17.60nm.The decrease in value of the lattice parameter with doping suggests that there is shrinkage in unit cell. The single-phase cubic spinal structure was clearly indicated by the XRD patterns of pure NiFe2O4.The XRD pattern also show that all the samples had formed the cubic single phase spinal structure. Dielectric properties have been studied in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 5 MHz. Permittivity and tangent loss (tanδ) decreases with the substitution of Ce3+ in parent crystal structure.
EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ON STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF NANOWIRESijoejournal
Copper nanowires were prepared through electrochemical template synthesis using Nucleopore polycarbonate membranes having nominal pore sizes of 800nm and 15nm diameter. The 800nm and 15nm nanowires thus grown were viewed under SEM and TEM respectively, while their FCC crystallographic structure was confirmed through X-ray and electron diffraction patterns. The X-ray diffraction peaks indicated strong texturing for (200). The texturing was found to reduce significantly upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properties ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present investigation, Sb2S3 powder samples were exposed to biofield treatment, and further its physical, structural and spectral properties are investigated.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Preparation of lithium ferrite nanoparticles by high energy ball milling and ...IJERA Editor
Ferrites are ferrimagnetic ceramic materials with inherent useful electromagnetic properties. Of them, spinelstructured ferrites are promising materials for microwave device applications; stress/torsion sensors and energy storage applications like anode materials in lithium batteries, fuel cells, solar cells etc. Nanostructured spinels further have high and wide scope of potential applications. In the present study, two different types of varied sized ferrimagnetic lithium ferrite spinel nanoparticles prepared using chemical sol-gel auto-combustion method were chosen. The prepared spinel particles were heated at 300°C for 1h. After heating the powders were milled using a High Energy Ball Mill for 30 minutes to further grind the particles and then subjected to various characterizations. Structural characterization was done using X-Ray Diffraction Method (XRD). The study revealed the spinel structure of these samples. Structural parameter such as lattice constant was determined using XRD data and found that the lattice parameter agrees with the standard data. DLS study found the agglomerations of the nanoparticles. The synthesized nanospinel particles were also characterized by the UVVis Spectroscopy, the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Finally the magnetic hysteresis properties were studied using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM)
Structure, microstructure and dielectric study of (ba0.6 sr0.4)(zr0.6ti0.4)o3...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Cation distribution of Ni2+ and Mg2+ ions improve structure and Magnetic Prop...AI Publications
In the present work, ferromagnetic Ni is slightly substituted for diamagnetic Mg spinal ferrites. The effect of Ni doping on the structural and magnetic properties of ferrites material in the form of NixMg1-xFe2O4 (x = 0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25, .0.3,0.35) has been the study. The Sol-gel auto Combustion method used to combine these substances uses urea as fuel. Sintered samples were shown using X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a vibrating magnetometer sample. X-ray diffraction revealed that all the composite samples were pure cubic spinel arrays with a Fd3m space band and a permanent lattice that varied with Ni concentrations. the distribution of Ni2 + ions and Mg2+ ions in spinel ferrites indicates various changes in parameters such as tetrahedral ionic radius (rA), octahedral ionic radius (rB), hopping length (LA and LB). Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) simulations showed wire vibration at the tetrahedral site and Octahedral site. spinel ferrites M-H curves are recorded at room temperature indicating normal hysteresis loop indicating the magnetic field.
Characterization of cobalt oxide and calcium aluminumShujaul Mulk Khan
The Cobalt Oxide and Calcium-Aluminum Oxide nano-catalysts were analyzed using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. Preliminary results showed that the particles of Cobalt Oxide exhibit sponge like morphology and homogenous distribution as per confirmation via SEM. Its average particle size ranges to 30.6 nm demonstrating enormous number of pores and aggregative in nature. Its various peaks were ranging
from 19.2 to 65.4 after XRD analysis. The highest intensity was observed at 36.9 position. The energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques were used to calculate the elements present in sample according to their weight and atomic percentage. The
cobalt oxide contain cobalt as the most abundant element with 46.85 wt% and 18.01 atomic percent. It contain oxygen with 30.51 wt% and 43.19 atomic percent. Whereas, SEM of calcium aluminum oxide showed random morphology. According to the calculation of Scherrer equation regarding XRD analysis, it was distributed homogenously with particle size ranges from 30 to 40 nm. Its porous morphology was due to the interconnecting gaps between different particles. It result the eight peaks ranging from 18.1 to 62.7 in XRD spectrum. The highest intensity observed at 35.1 with average crystallite particle size of 25.6 nm. The calcium aluminum oxide contain aluminum 7.45 wt% and 6.93 atomic percent. The calcium was the most abundant element with54.7 wt% and 34.24 atomic percent followed by oxygen with 37.26 wt% and 58.42 atomic percent. It was concluded that the SEM, XRD, and EDX are the most significant techniques to characterize nano-catalysts in particular and other compounds generally.
Microstructural and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Synth...ijtsrd
Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4), an inverse spinal ferrite has high permeability, good saturation 1magnetization and no preferred direction of magnetization, high Curie temperature, and high electromagnetic performance. In the present work 0.2M cobalt nitrate 0.3M ferric nitrate and 0.4 M citric acid is used to synthesis cobalt ferrite nanoparticle by sol-gel technique. As the magnetic property depends on the grain size of the synthesized nanoparticle, metal nitrate to citric acid ratio is varied from 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4 and the structural, functional morphological and magnetic characteristics are analyzed. The structural analysis shows the decrease in the average crystallite from 37 to 27nm when CAMN ratio decreases from 0.8 to 0.4. The strain is directly proportional to dislocation density and it reflects the growth of the average grain size, and in the present study, it reflects the same. The calculated lattice parameter is found to be close to 8.373 Ã… and the volume of the cell is found to be 5.63x10-28 m is close to the standard value for the cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. From the EDS spectrum, the presence of Co, Fe, and O in the synthesized nanoparticles are noted. Functional groups analysis by FTIR shows the presence of organic sources. Surface morphology by Scanning electron microscope shows the distribution of spherical sized nanoparticles agglomerated in different sizes and the grain size calculated by image J software are close to the calculated value by Scherrer formula from XRD. Chitra | T Raguram | K S Rajni"Microstructural and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Technique" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15871.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/15871/microstructural-and-magnetic-properties-of-cobalt-ferrite-nanoparticles-synthesized-by-sol-gel-technique/chitra
A facile method to prepare CdO-Mn3O4 nanocompositeIOSR Journals
CdO-Mn3O4 nanocomposite has been prepared by a simple solvothermal method using a domestic microwave oven. Cadmium acetate, manganese acetate and urea were used as the precursors and ethylene glycol as the solvent. The as-prepared sample was annealed for 1 hour in each case at different temperatures, viz. 100, 200 and 300°C. The as-prepared and annealed samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic analyses. Results indicate that annealing at 300°C is required to get the sample with high phase purity and homogeneity. The present study indicates that the method adopted can be considered as an economical and scalable one to prepare the proposed nanocomposite with reduced size, phase purity and homogeneity.
Synthesis of Cobalt ferrite by Solid Reaction Methodsank_sanjay
Cobalt ferrite nano-crystalline powder was synthesized from the powder mixture of cobalt carbonate and iron oxide by mixed oxide ceramic method. The effects of temperature of calcination as well as molar ratio of CoCO3/Fe2O3 on the phase structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the products were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques, respectively. The samples calcined at 800 and 900˚C consisted of cobalt ferrite, iron oxide and cobalt oxide. In the sample calcined at 1000˚C, the reaction was completed and single phase CoFe2O4 with a mean crystallite and particle sizes of 49 and 300 nm, respectively was obtained.
Dielectric behaviour of Ni+2 substituted Cu Co Nanocrystalline Spinel Ferrite...inventionjournals
Herein, the dielectric properties such as permittivity (real part ε’ and imaginary part ε”) and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) are reported for the series [Nix Cu(constant) Co0.8-x Fe2O4] where constant=0.2 with x=0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 of ferrites, prepared by Sol-Gel auto-combustion technique by using high purity metal nitrate and citric acid as a catalyst. The variation in the real part (ε’) of dielectric constant , imaginary part ( ε”) of dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) are studied at room temperature in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz. Structural characterization of the annealed samples was done with the help of X-ray diffraction method. The particle size and single phase formation of NiCuCoFe2O4 ferrite was confirmed by Xray diffraction analysis and TEM. The particle size of prepared sample was confirmed by Scherer’s formula. The effect on Particle size (t) and lattice constant (Å) is observed due to substitution of Ni2+ in Cu Co. The digital LCR meter is used to obtain the magnetic properties of prepared pallets. The variations in the structural and dielectric properties of the prepared ferrite material are discussed
Synthesis and Characterisation of Copper Oxide nanoparticlesIOSR Journals
Cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were prepared by the chemical route by calcinations at a higher temperature from 300oC to 400 oC. For the comparison transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were made through JCPDS. There is good agreement between data produced by spectroscopy and the microscopic measurements.
Phyto-mediated Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles by Cassia auriculata and its...IJEAB
An eco-friendly loom has been taking up in the present study to synthesize copper nanoparticles using Cassia auriculata. The leaf extract of Cassia auriculata acts as reducing as well as capping agent. Synthesis of copper nanoparticles was initially confirmed by the visual observation i.e color change (dark green color). The synthesized copper nanoparticles were primarily characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Further, the formation of amorphous and crystalline phase was analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction pattern. The size and morphology of the synthesized Copper nanoparticles was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the elemental composition was analyzed by EDAX. The present study is a preliminary investigation to know about the capability of Cassia auriculata to synthesize copper nanoparticles from its salts. The results of the present study confirmed that the leaf extract of Cassia auriculata be capable of recovering copper from printed circuit boards in the form of nanoparticles in near future.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Spectroscopic properties of lithium borate glass containing Sm3+ and Nd3+ ionsIJAAS Team
Lithium borate glass samples mixed with a different concentration of Sm3+ and Nd3+ ions organized by quenching technique. Structural, vibration groups and spectral properties of glass samples investigated using X-ray diffraction, FTIR, UV/Vis/NIR and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The X-ray confirmed the lithium borate glass samples containing Sm3+ and Nd3+ ions in the amorphous state. Luminescence spectra of glass samples excited at 400 nm recorded, here three luminescence bands observed in Visible region, which due to spectra materials (Sm3+, Nd3+). These indicate that these glass samples responsible orange emission and used in the improvement of materials for LED, and optical devices. The functional vibration groups of the glass matrix studied using FTIR spectroscopy.
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment against multidrug resistant S. maltophilia. Clinical sample of S. maltophilia was collected and divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated which were analyzed after 10 days with respect to control.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline: An Impact...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment for spectroscopic characterization of chloramphenicol and tetracycline using FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.Methods: The study was performed in two groups (control and treatment) of each antibiotic. The control groups remained as untreated, and biofield treatment was given to treatment groups.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Atomic and Structural Characteristics of Bari...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present study, the barium titanate powder was subjected to biofield treatment. Further, the control and treated samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and Electron spin resonance (ESR).
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Preparation of lithium ferrite nanoparticles by high energy ball milling and ...IJERA Editor
Ferrites are ferrimagnetic ceramic materials with inherent useful electromagnetic properties. Of them, spinelstructured ferrites are promising materials for microwave device applications; stress/torsion sensors and energy storage applications like anode materials in lithium batteries, fuel cells, solar cells etc. Nanostructured spinels further have high and wide scope of potential applications. In the present study, two different types of varied sized ferrimagnetic lithium ferrite spinel nanoparticles prepared using chemical sol-gel auto-combustion method were chosen. The prepared spinel particles were heated at 300°C for 1h. After heating the powders were milled using a High Energy Ball Mill for 30 minutes to further grind the particles and then subjected to various characterizations. Structural characterization was done using X-Ray Diffraction Method (XRD). The study revealed the spinel structure of these samples. Structural parameter such as lattice constant was determined using XRD data and found that the lattice parameter agrees with the standard data. DLS study found the agglomerations of the nanoparticles. The synthesized nanospinel particles were also characterized by the UVVis Spectroscopy, the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Finally the magnetic hysteresis properties were studied using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM)
Structure, microstructure and dielectric study of (ba0.6 sr0.4)(zr0.6ti0.4)o3...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Cation distribution of Ni2+ and Mg2+ ions improve structure and Magnetic Prop...AI Publications
In the present work, ferromagnetic Ni is slightly substituted for diamagnetic Mg spinal ferrites. The effect of Ni doping on the structural and magnetic properties of ferrites material in the form of NixMg1-xFe2O4 (x = 0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25, .0.3,0.35) has been the study. The Sol-gel auto Combustion method used to combine these substances uses urea as fuel. Sintered samples were shown using X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a vibrating magnetometer sample. X-ray diffraction revealed that all the composite samples were pure cubic spinel arrays with a Fd3m space band and a permanent lattice that varied with Ni concentrations. the distribution of Ni2 + ions and Mg2+ ions in spinel ferrites indicates various changes in parameters such as tetrahedral ionic radius (rA), octahedral ionic radius (rB), hopping length (LA and LB). Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) simulations showed wire vibration at the tetrahedral site and Octahedral site. spinel ferrites M-H curves are recorded at room temperature indicating normal hysteresis loop indicating the magnetic field.
Characterization of cobalt oxide and calcium aluminumShujaul Mulk Khan
The Cobalt Oxide and Calcium-Aluminum Oxide nano-catalysts were analyzed using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. Preliminary results showed that the particles of Cobalt Oxide exhibit sponge like morphology and homogenous distribution as per confirmation via SEM. Its average particle size ranges to 30.6 nm demonstrating enormous number of pores and aggregative in nature. Its various peaks were ranging
from 19.2 to 65.4 after XRD analysis. The highest intensity was observed at 36.9 position. The energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques were used to calculate the elements present in sample according to their weight and atomic percentage. The
cobalt oxide contain cobalt as the most abundant element with 46.85 wt% and 18.01 atomic percent. It contain oxygen with 30.51 wt% and 43.19 atomic percent. Whereas, SEM of calcium aluminum oxide showed random morphology. According to the calculation of Scherrer equation regarding XRD analysis, it was distributed homogenously with particle size ranges from 30 to 40 nm. Its porous morphology was due to the interconnecting gaps between different particles. It result the eight peaks ranging from 18.1 to 62.7 in XRD spectrum. The highest intensity observed at 35.1 with average crystallite particle size of 25.6 nm. The calcium aluminum oxide contain aluminum 7.45 wt% and 6.93 atomic percent. The calcium was the most abundant element with54.7 wt% and 34.24 atomic percent followed by oxygen with 37.26 wt% and 58.42 atomic percent. It was concluded that the SEM, XRD, and EDX are the most significant techniques to characterize nano-catalysts in particular and other compounds generally.
Microstructural and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Synth...ijtsrd
Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4), an inverse spinal ferrite has high permeability, good saturation 1magnetization and no preferred direction of magnetization, high Curie temperature, and high electromagnetic performance. In the present work 0.2M cobalt nitrate 0.3M ferric nitrate and 0.4 M citric acid is used to synthesis cobalt ferrite nanoparticle by sol-gel technique. As the magnetic property depends on the grain size of the synthesized nanoparticle, metal nitrate to citric acid ratio is varied from 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4 and the structural, functional morphological and magnetic characteristics are analyzed. The structural analysis shows the decrease in the average crystallite from 37 to 27nm when CAMN ratio decreases from 0.8 to 0.4. The strain is directly proportional to dislocation density and it reflects the growth of the average grain size, and in the present study, it reflects the same. The calculated lattice parameter is found to be close to 8.373 Ã… and the volume of the cell is found to be 5.63x10-28 m is close to the standard value for the cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. From the EDS spectrum, the presence of Co, Fe, and O in the synthesized nanoparticles are noted. Functional groups analysis by FTIR shows the presence of organic sources. Surface morphology by Scanning electron microscope shows the distribution of spherical sized nanoparticles agglomerated in different sizes and the grain size calculated by image J software are close to the calculated value by Scherrer formula from XRD. Chitra | T Raguram | K S Rajni"Microstructural and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Technique" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15871.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/15871/microstructural-and-magnetic-properties-of-cobalt-ferrite-nanoparticles-synthesized-by-sol-gel-technique/chitra
A facile method to prepare CdO-Mn3O4 nanocompositeIOSR Journals
CdO-Mn3O4 nanocomposite has been prepared by a simple solvothermal method using a domestic microwave oven. Cadmium acetate, manganese acetate and urea were used as the precursors and ethylene glycol as the solvent. The as-prepared sample was annealed for 1 hour in each case at different temperatures, viz. 100, 200 and 300°C. The as-prepared and annealed samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic analyses. Results indicate that annealing at 300°C is required to get the sample with high phase purity and homogeneity. The present study indicates that the method adopted can be considered as an economical and scalable one to prepare the proposed nanocomposite with reduced size, phase purity and homogeneity.
Synthesis of Cobalt ferrite by Solid Reaction Methodsank_sanjay
Cobalt ferrite nano-crystalline powder was synthesized from the powder mixture of cobalt carbonate and iron oxide by mixed oxide ceramic method. The effects of temperature of calcination as well as molar ratio of CoCO3/Fe2O3 on the phase structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the products were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques, respectively. The samples calcined at 800 and 900˚C consisted of cobalt ferrite, iron oxide and cobalt oxide. In the sample calcined at 1000˚C, the reaction was completed and single phase CoFe2O4 with a mean crystallite and particle sizes of 49 and 300 nm, respectively was obtained.
Dielectric behaviour of Ni+2 substituted Cu Co Nanocrystalline Spinel Ferrite...inventionjournals
Herein, the dielectric properties such as permittivity (real part ε’ and imaginary part ε”) and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) are reported for the series [Nix Cu(constant) Co0.8-x Fe2O4] where constant=0.2 with x=0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 of ferrites, prepared by Sol-Gel auto-combustion technique by using high purity metal nitrate and citric acid as a catalyst. The variation in the real part (ε’) of dielectric constant , imaginary part ( ε”) of dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) are studied at room temperature in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz. Structural characterization of the annealed samples was done with the help of X-ray diffraction method. The particle size and single phase formation of NiCuCoFe2O4 ferrite was confirmed by Xray diffraction analysis and TEM. The particle size of prepared sample was confirmed by Scherer’s formula. The effect on Particle size (t) and lattice constant (Å) is observed due to substitution of Ni2+ in Cu Co. The digital LCR meter is used to obtain the magnetic properties of prepared pallets. The variations in the structural and dielectric properties of the prepared ferrite material are discussed
Synthesis and Characterisation of Copper Oxide nanoparticlesIOSR Journals
Cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were prepared by the chemical route by calcinations at a higher temperature from 300oC to 400 oC. For the comparison transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were made through JCPDS. There is good agreement between data produced by spectroscopy and the microscopic measurements.
Phyto-mediated Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles by Cassia auriculata and its...IJEAB
An eco-friendly loom has been taking up in the present study to synthesize copper nanoparticles using Cassia auriculata. The leaf extract of Cassia auriculata acts as reducing as well as capping agent. Synthesis of copper nanoparticles was initially confirmed by the visual observation i.e color change (dark green color). The synthesized copper nanoparticles were primarily characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Further, the formation of amorphous and crystalline phase was analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction pattern. The size and morphology of the synthesized Copper nanoparticles was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the elemental composition was analyzed by EDAX. The present study is a preliminary investigation to know about the capability of Cassia auriculata to synthesize copper nanoparticles from its salts. The results of the present study confirmed that the leaf extract of Cassia auriculata be capable of recovering copper from printed circuit boards in the form of nanoparticles in near future.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Spectroscopic properties of lithium borate glass containing Sm3+ and Nd3+ ionsIJAAS Team
Lithium borate glass samples mixed with a different concentration of Sm3+ and Nd3+ ions organized by quenching technique. Structural, vibration groups and spectral properties of glass samples investigated using X-ray diffraction, FTIR, UV/Vis/NIR and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The X-ray confirmed the lithium borate glass samples containing Sm3+ and Nd3+ ions in the amorphous state. Luminescence spectra of glass samples excited at 400 nm recorded, here three luminescence bands observed in Visible region, which due to spectra materials (Sm3+, Nd3+). These indicate that these glass samples responsible orange emission and used in the improvement of materials for LED, and optical devices. The functional vibration groups of the glass matrix studied using FTIR spectroscopy.
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment against multidrug resistant S. maltophilia. Clinical sample of S. maltophilia was collected and divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated which were analyzed after 10 days with respect to control.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline: An Impact...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment for spectroscopic characterization of chloramphenicol and tetracycline using FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.Methods: The study was performed in two groups (control and treatment) of each antibiotic. The control groups remained as untreated, and biofield treatment was given to treatment groups.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Atomic and Structural Characteristics of Bari...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present study, the barium titanate powder was subjected to biofield treatment. Further, the control and treated samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and Electron spin resonance (ESR).
Influence of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properti...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Boron nitride (BN) is known for high hardness, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, and catalytic action. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on physical, structural and spectral properties of BN powder.
Potential Impact of BioField Treatment on Atomic and Physical Characteristics...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on atomic and physical properties of magnesium powder. Magnesium powder was divided into two parts denoted as control and treatment. Control part was remained as untreated and treatment part received biofield treatment.
An Effect of Biofield Treatment on Multidrug-resistant Burkholderia cepacia: ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of biofield treatment on multidrug resistant B. cepacia. Clinicalsample of B. cepacia was divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated.
Effect of Biofield Treatment on Structural and Morphological Properties of Si...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on physical, atomic, and structural characteristics of SiC powder. The control and biofield treated SiC powder was analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analyzer, surface area analyzer, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy techniques with respect to control.
The Trivedi Effect was able to eradicate a disease that had plagued the trees for 32 years. Mahendra Trivedi blessed the seeds with the intention of increasing yield and improving immunity Mustard, chickpea, peanut, horse gram and cow (black-eyed) pea seeds were blessed.
Mahendra Trivedi is gifted with the ability to deliver an energetic thought transmission which can positively impact humans, animals, plants – even metals, ceramics and polymers.
Effect of Biofield Treatment on Structural and Morphological Properties of Si...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present study, the effect of Mr. Mahrendra Trivedi' biofield energy treatment (known as The Trivedi Effect) is evaluated on the physical, atomic, and structural characteristics of SiC powder.
Biofield impact on Atomic and Physical Characteristics of MagnesiumMahendra Kumar Trivedi
The presentation highlights the impact of biofield treatment on atomic and physical properties of magnesium powder. The magnesium samples were characterized using XRD analysis, surface area analysis and Particle Size analysis to evaluate the impact of Mahendra Trivedi's unique energy treatment on Atomic and Physical properties of Magnesium.
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is a Gram-negative bacillus, an opportunistic pathogen, particularly among nosocomial infections. Multi-drug resistant strains are associated with very high rate of morbidity and mortality in severely immunocompromised patients. Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment against multidrug resistant S. maltophilia. Clinical sample of S. maltophilia was collected and divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated which were analyzed after 10 days with respect to control. The following parameters viz. susceptibility pattern, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical studies and biotype number of both control and treated samples were measured by MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The results showed an overall change of 37.5% in susceptibility pattern and 39.4% in biochemical study while 33.3% changes in MIC values of tested antimicrobials after biofield treatment. Further, the treated group of S. maltophilia has also shown a significant change in biochemical reactions followed by its biotype number as compared to control group. Biochemical reactions of treated group showed negative reaction to acetamide and positive reactions to colistin, glucose, adonitol, melibiose, arabinose, nitrate, oxidation-fermentation, raffinose, rhaminose, sorbitol, sucrose, and Voges-Proskauer as compared with control. The biofield treatment showed an alteration in MIC values of amikacin, amoxicillin/K-clavulanate, chloramphenicol, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ceftazidime, cefotetan, ticarcillin/K-clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Altogether, data suggest that biofield treatment has significant effect to alter the sensitivity pattern of antimicrobials and biotype number against multidrug resistant strain of S. maltophilia.
Thermal and Physical Properties of Biofield Treated Bile Salt and Proteose Pe...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Bile salt (BS) and proteose peptone (PP) are important biomacromolecules being produced inside the human body. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physicochemical properties of BS and PP. The study was performed in two groups (control and treated). The control group remained as untreated, and biofield treatment was given to treated group. The control and treated BS and PP samples were characterized by particle size analyzer (PSA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). PSA results showed increase in particle size (d50 and d99) of both treated BS and PP as compared to control. Surface area analysis showed minimal decrease by 1.59%, in surface area of treated BS as compared to control. However, the treated PP showed increase (8%) in surface area as compared to control. DSC characterization showed increase in melting temperature of treated BS as compared to control. Whereas, DSC thermogram of treated PP showed decrease in melting temperature with respect to control. Moreover, the DSC of control and treated PP showed presence of exothermic peaks which were possibly due to protein aggregation. The treated PP showed higher exothermic transition temperature as compared to control. XRD analysis revealed slight reduction in crystalline nature of BS as compared to control. On the other hand, XRD data of control and treated PP showed an amorphous nature. TGA analysis of treated BS showed maximum thermaldecomposition temperature at 22°C which was higher as compared to control sample (106°C). This could be due to biofield treatment which may enhance the thermal stability of treated BS with respect to control. However, the TGA thermogram of treated PP showed decrease in maximum thermal stability as compared to control. The overall results showed that biofield treatment has significantly altered the physical and thermal properties of BS and PP.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Disulfiram and Nicotinic Acid after Biofiel...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Disulfiram is being used clinically as an aid in chronic alcoholism, while nicotinic acid is one of a B-complex vitamin that has cholesterol lowering activity. The aim of present study was to investigate the impact of biofield treatment on spectral properties of disulfiram and nicotinic acid. The study was performed in two groups i.e., control and treatment of each drug. The treatment groups were received Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. Subsequently, spectral properties of control and treated groups of both drugs were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopic techniques. FT-IR spectrum of biofield treated disulfiram showed the shifting in wavenumber of C-H stretching from 1496 to 1506 cm-1 and C-N stretching from 1062 to 1056 cm-1. The intensity of S-S dihedral bending peaks (665 and 553 cm-1) was also increased in biofield treated disulfiram sample, as compared to control. FT-IR spectra of biofield treated nicotinic acid showed the shifting in wavenumber of C-H stretching from 3071 to 3081 cm-1 and 2808 to 2818 cm-1. Likewise, C=C stretching peak was shifted to higher frequency region from 1696 cm-1 to 1703 cm-1 and C-O (COO-) stretching peak was shifted to lower frequency region from 1186 to 1180 cm-1 in treated nicotinic acid. UV spectrum of control and biofield treated disulfiram showed similar pattern of UV spectra. Whereas, the UV spectrum of biofield treated nicotinic acid exhibited the shifting of absorption maxima (λmax) with respect of control i.e., from 268.4 to 262.0 nm, 262.5 to 256.4, 257.5 to 245.6, and 212.0 to 222.4 nm. Over all, the FT-IR and UV spectroscopy results suggest an impact of biofield treatment on the force constant, bond strength, and dipole moments of treated drugs such as disulfiram and nicotinic acid that could led to change in their chemical stability as compared to control.
Inovadores sociais criam soluções inovadoras para os problemas mais complexos do mundo. Procurar um inovador social na sua comunidade, cidade ou online. Procure alguém que já enfrenta os desafios sociais com soluções criativas e iniciativas empreendedoras.
Como eles identificam o desafio?
Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Brass Powder After ...albertdivis
Brass, a copper-zinc (Cu-Zn) alloy has gained extensive attention in industries due to its high corrosion resistance, machinability and strength to weight ratio. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on structural and physical properties of brass powder.
Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Brass Powder After ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on structural and physical properties of brass powder. The brass powder sample was divided into two parts: control and treated.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properties ...albertdivis
The present investigation, Sb2S3 powder samples were exposed to biofield treatment, and further its physical, structural and spectral properties are investigated. The particle size analysis showed larger particle size and surface area after treatment.
Annealing and Microstructural Characterization of Tin-Oxide Based Thick Film ...Anis Rahman
Abstract. The sheet resistance of tin oxide based thick-film resistors exhibits two regions of temperature dependence,
described by hopping (23°C-200°C) and diffusion mechanisms (200°C-350°C), respectively.
Annealing these samples causes the sheet resistance to increase in both regions. In the post-annealed samples,
the hopping conduction range is extended by 50°C (23°C-250°C) while the hopping parameter, To, is decreased by
more than 50%. The activation energy of diffusion (0.60 eV) is the same for both pre- and post annealed samples, but
the magnitude of resistance in the diffusion controlled region is increased significantly as a result of annealing. These
changes are explained in terms of a net decrease in the concentration of tin ions in the glass matrix. From a careful
microstructural study it was found that a conduction path composed of tin-oxide grains or their clusters in contact
with each other does not exist in the present system. HREM micrographs showed the presence of nanocrystalline
tin-oxide particles in the glass phase separating the tin-oxide grain clusters. Estimated average separation between
the nanocrystals in 4 nm, consistent with a variable-range hopping conduction via the dissolved tin ions in the glass
matrix.
Study of Microstructural, Electrical and Dielectric Properties of La0.9Pb0.1M...Scientific Review SR
The present work studies the microstructural and electrical properties of La0.9Pb0.1MnO3 and La0.8Y0.1Pb0.1MnO3 ceramics synthesized by solid-state route method. Microstructure and elemental analysis of both samples were carried out by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) method, respectively. Phase analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated formation of single phase distorted structure. The XRD data were further analyzed by Rietveld refinement technique. Raman analysis reveals that Y atom substitutes La site into the LPMO with shifting of phonon modes. The temperature variation of resistivity of undoped and Y-doped La0.9Pb0.1MnO3 samples have been investigated. The electrical resistivity as a function of temperature showed that all samples undergo an metal-insulator (M-I) transition having a peak at transition temperature TMI. Y-doping increases the resistivity and the metal-insulator transition temperature (TMI) shifts to lower temperature. The temperature-dependent resistivity for temperatures less than metal-insulator transition is explained in terms the quadratic temperature dependence and for T > TMI, thermally activated conduction (TAC) is appropriate. Variation of frequency dispersion in permittivity and loss pattern due to La-site substitution in LPMO was observed in the dielectric response curve.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Thiazolyl Blue as a Corrosion I...Al Baha University
The anticorrosion effect of thiazolyl blue (MTT) for copper in 3% NaCl at 298 K
was researched by electrochemical methods, scanning electron-microscopy (SEM), and atomic
force microscopy (AFM). The results reveal that MTT can protect copper efficiently, with a
maximum efficiency of 95.7%. The corrosion inhibition mechanism was investigated by X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectral (FT-IR), and theoretical
calculation. The results suggest that the MTT molecules are adsorbed on metal surface forming a
hydrophobic protective film to prevent copper corrosion. It also indicates that the MTT and copper
form covalent bonds. The molecular dynamic simulation further gives the evidence for adsorption.
The adsorption isotherm studies demonstrate that a spontaneous, mixed physical and chemical
adsorption occurs, which obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The present research can help us
better understand the corrosion inhibition process and improve it.
Effect of calcination on the electrical properties and quantum confinement of...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of calcination on the electrical properties and quantum confinement of...eSAT Journals
Abstract Fe2O3 nanoparticles have been prepared by a simple solvothermal method using a domestic microwave oven. X-ray powder diffraction measurement indicates the amorphous nature of the as-prepared sample. Calcined samples were obtained by annealing the as-prepared sample at different temperatures, viz. 400, 500, 600 and 700oC. Transmission electron microscopic images indicate that all the five samples are spherical in shape. AC electrical measurements were carried out on pelletized samples by the parallel plate capacitor method at various temperatures ranging from 40-130oC and frequencies ranging from 100 Hz -1 MHz. Results indicate low AC electrical conductivities and consequently show the occurrence of nano confined states. The exciton Bohr radii obtained from the dielectric constant values at 40oC temperature and 1 kHz frequency are 41.8, 54.8, 55.3, 56.3 and 27.0 respectively for the as-prepared sample and samples calcined at 400, 500, 600 and 700oC which indicate a strong quantum confinement effect. The impedance spectra observed exhibit non-ideal behavior. Keywords: Semiconductors, Magnetic materials, Nanoparticles, Electrical properties
Direct Synthesis Carbon/Metal Oxide Composites for Electrochemical Capacitors...drboon
This paper deals with the study of the carbon/metal oxide composites synthesis for electrochemical capacitor electrode material. Transition metal salts, such as FeCl3 and TiCl3 act as activator in the synthesis of activated carbon from gelam wood sawdust (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) which also have the functions as substrates for the composites. The surface functionalities of activated carbons were modified using oxidative treatments. The changes on crystallography and surface functionalities were analyzed based on XRD and FTIR data. The electrical conductivities and electrochemical properties were determined using kelvin and cyclic voltammetry methods, respectively. FTIR analyses showed that the activation and oxidation treatments affected their surface functionalities. The XRD analyses showed that oxidative treatments also affected carbons crystallite. The electrical conductivities and electrochemical properties were influenced by their crystallite and surface functionalities. The shape of the cyclic voltammograms varied according to the changes on the surface functionalities and on the metals loading. TEM analyses indicated the existence of nanoparticles metal oxides in the carbon samples.
The Albedo of Metallic Nanoparticles Computed from FDTDAI Publications
This manuscript presents the albedo, a measure of a nanoparticles light retention capability, for silver, aluminum, gold, chromium, copper, nickel and titanium throughout the visible spectrum. Lumerical’s finite-difference time-domain Maxwell’s equation solver was employed to analyze how light of various angles and polarizations interacts with such materials in three dimensions. All of the particles in this study are 50 nm in radius.
Characterization and Dielectric Study of Mihaliccik Tremoliteijtsrd
The natural tremolite Ca2Mg5Si8O22 OH 2 was obtained from Mihaliccik district of Eskisehir, Turkey 39.8787N 31.3806E . It is a part of the amphibole family of silicate minerals. All the phases were described by X ray diffraction XRD , energy dispersive spectroscopy EDXRF , Raman, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR . The natural tremolite specimen used in this study includes mostly 54.4 SiO2, 22.82 MgO, 15.04 CaO, and 1.45 Al2O3. The natural tremolite sample used for the present investigation was not pure. The impurity was calcite. The FTIR spectrum and the Raman spectrum were recorded for natural tremolite sample in the range of 4000 and 350 cm 1 and 4000 and 70 cm 1 at room temperature, respectively. The natural tremolite and fired tremolite samples were prepared for this investigation. Dielectric measurements were realized in the 3 kHz ' 1 MHz frequency region and at the room temperature by using HP4192A LF Impedance Analyzer. The dielectric parameters of the samples were obtained the conclusions of the study were explained and given to be used for further investigations in some industrial productions. Ertugrul Izci "Characterization and Dielectric Study of Mihaliccik Tremolite" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29671.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mineral-and-metallurgical-engineering/29671/characterization-and-dielectric-study-of-mihaliccik-tremolite/ertugrul-izci
Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Structural Properties of Bro...albertdivis
Bronze, a copper-tin alloy, widely utilizing in manufacturing of gears, bearing, and packing technologies due to its versatile physical, mechanical, and chemical properties. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on physical and structural properties of bronze powder.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
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Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
2. Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O (2015) Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide
Nano Powders after Bio field Treatment. Ind Eng Manage 4: 161. doi:10.4172/2169-0316.1000161
Page 2 of 6
Volume 4 • Issue 2 • 1000161Ind Eng Manage
ISSN: 2169-0316, IEM an open access journal
parameter and unit cell volume. Crystallite size (size of a grain) was
computed as:
Crystallite size=k λ/b Cos θ
Here λ is the wavelength of x-radiation k is the equipment constant
with a value 0.94.
Percent change in unit cell volume was calculated as 100 × (ΔV/
Vc
) where ΔV=[(Vt
-Vc
)/Vc
] where Vt
and Vc
are the unit cell volume of
treated and control samples respectively. Similarly percent change in
lattice parameter, molecular weight, density was computed. The atomic
weight of an atom is calculated as the sum of weights of all protons,
neutron and electron present in an atom and molecular weight was
calculated as the sum of atomic weights of all atoms present in a
molecule. Density was calculated as molecular weight multiplied by
number of molecules in a unit cell divided by unit cell volume.
The infrared spectra of metal oxide powders were carried out
using with Perkin Elmer, USA Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)
Spectrometer, which recorded data in the range of 500-4000/cm.
Results and Discussion
X-ray diffraction (XRD)
Figure 1 shows the comparative results of lattice parameter
‘a’ of various control and treated ceramic nanopowders with the
values obtained from standard JCPDS (Joint Committee on Powder
Diffraction Standards) data. It was found that the value of lattice
parameter “a” of control powder was closely matched with the standard
JCPDS values. However in case of treated nanopowder samples, the
biofield treatment has induced changes in lattice parameter to second
decimal place (Table 1).
The percent variation in lattice parameter of treated samples
is shown in Figure 2. It was observed that the lattice parameter was
significantly decreased by 0.6%, 0.39% and 0.04% in Fe3
O4
, CuO, and
ZnO powders, respectively. The volume of the unit cell was calculated
using the parameter ‘a’ that showed similar variation as given in Table
1. The decrease in lattice parameters of all the treated powders indicated
that a compressive stress has been applied through biofield treatment.
The percent change in linear strain (100 × (Δa/ac
) would be significant,
if it’s value is above 0.2% ,which is considered to be above the elastic
limit. Once applied stress over unit cell is removed, the elastic strain
is expected to release, which did not happen in present investigation.
Rather the strain was permanent, which revealed that it is plastic by
nature, but the ceramics are elastic materials [39,40]. The absence of
dislocations in covalent ceramics and the narrow dislocation width in
ionic ceramics make this exhibit elastic behavior.
The percent changes in crystallite size are presented in Figure 3. In
treated samples, it was found that the crystallite size was significantly
increased up to 275.26%, 98.92% and 77.7% in Fe3
O4
, CuO, and ZnO
powders, respectively. The higher crystallite size in treated samples
suggests heavy plastic deformation along with large expansion and
growth.
The ceramics are elastic material, and their dislocation
concentration is minimal. Furthermore high energy is required to
move the dislocations in ceramic crystals than crack propagation;
hence ceramics fails by brittle fracture rather than plastic deformation.
The results showed that ceramic crystallite size was increased, may be
due to re-crystallization and crystallite growth which might have been
possible in the presence of large amount of energy (localized heat to at
least above one third of melting point) in the crystals, provided by the
biofield treatment. Another reason may be the rotation of crystallites at
their boundaries aided by viscous flow which has been known to occur
in nano crystalline solids. Whatever be the mechanism the decrease
in lattice parameters and increase in crystallite size are opposing
effects, which is an unusual phenomena. So it is necessary to study the
characteristics at the atomic level.
The lattice parameters are considered as the equilibrium inter
atomic distance where the attractive forces of nuclear charges of metal
ions are balanced by the negative charges of metal ions. The effective
nuclear charge on the metal ion was reduced with increasing distance
from the nucleus. When compressive force has been applied over
atoms then electron clouds are likely to be pushed toward the nucleus,
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
IRON OXIDE COPPER OXIDE ZINC OXIDE
POWDER
LATTICEPARAMETER‘a’
X10-10m
JCPDS STANDARD
CONTROL
TREATED T1
TREATED T2
Figure 1: Comparison of lattice parameter ‘a’ of treated ceramic nanopowders
with standard JCPDS data and control.
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
IRON OXIDE COPPER OXIDE ZINC OXIDE
POWDER
CHANGEIN'a'%
TREATED T1
TREATED T2
Figure 2: Percent change in lattice parameter ‘a’ between control and treated
ceramic nanopowders.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
IRON OXIDE COPPER OXIDE ZINC OXIDE
POWDER/ TREATMENT
CHANGEINCRYSTALLITESIZE%
TREATED T1
TREATED T2
Figure 3: Percent change crystallite size between control and treated powders.
3. Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O (2015) Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide
Nano Powders after Bio field Treatment. Ind Eng Manage 4: 161. doi:10.4172/2169-0316.1000161
Page 3 of 6
Volume 4 • Issue 2 • 1000161Ind Eng Manage
ISSN: 2169-0316, IEM an open access journal
that lead to further reduction in the size of the atoms and cause an
increase in the nuclear charge per unit volume, whereas reverse may
happen in case of tensile stress. The calculated values of the atomic
parameters and their percentage variation between control and treated
samples are given in Tables 1 and 2 and Figures 4-6. It was observed
that unit cell volume was decreased in iron oxide and zinc oxide due
to decrease in lattice parameter “a”. Contrarily the unit cell volume
was increased in copper oxide due to increase in lattice parameter “c”.
Furthermore, the change in unit cell volume affects the size of atom that
changes the effective nuclear charge per unit volume of the metal ions
accordingly. The observed decrease in molecular weight and density
was mainly attributed to the change in proton to neutron ratio inside
the nucleus. This could be due to weak reversible nuclear level reaction,
which occurred inside the nucleus. Thus, we presume that biofield has
transferred the energy in the form of neutrinos that possibly caused
this nuclear level reaction to alter their ratio. Furthermore, it is already
reported that the crystallite size and lattice strain in ceramic nano
oxides directly affects the energy band gap and piezoelectric properties.
The higher crystallite size indicates lower energy band gap, which make
these oxides more useful in semiconductors [6,9].
FT-IR spectroscopy
FT-IR spectrum of zinc oxide (control) and treated sample is
illustrated in Figure 7. FT-IR of the zinc oxide (control) exhibited
absorption peaks at 547/cm, 496/cm and 440/cm, which were attributed
to the characteristic Zn-O stretching vibrations peaks [41]. Whereas
treated sample of zinc oxide showed an emergence of a broad peak at
3410/cm which was responsible for O-H stretching vibrations. Here, we
presume that biofield treatment is responsible for increasing the surface
to volume ratio of ZnO leading to enhanced moisture absorption
[42,43] by the treated sample. Other important peaks were observed
at 425/cm, 547/cm could be ascribed to Zn-O stretching vibration,
and absorption peaks at 878/cm and 1275/cm corresponds to H-O-H
and O-H bending vibration, respectively [42]. The absorption band of
control and treated sample of ZnO was observed at 440/cm and 425/
cm, respectively. The treated ZnO sample showed lower wavenumber
(425/cm), that may be due to unit cell distortion or change in Zn—O
bond length [44].
IRON
OXIDE
Fe3O4
82-1533
CUBIC
COPPER
OXIDE
CuO
80—1917
MONOCLINIC
ZINC
OXIDE
ZnO
80-0075
HEXAGONAL
IRON
OXIDE
Fe3O4
82-1533
CUBIC
COPPER
OXIDE
CuO
80—1917
MONOCLINIC
ZINC
OXIDE
ZnO
80-0075
HEXAGONAL
LATTICE PARAMETER ‘a’ × 10-8
cm % CHANGE IN ‘a’
JCPDS Standard 8.397 4.688 3.254
Control 8.387 4.541 3.254
Treated T1 8.347 4.524 3.2529 -0.48 -0.39 -0.03
Treated T2 8.337 4.541 3.2527 -0.60 -0.01 -0.04
VOLUME OF UNIT CELL × 10-24
Cm % CHANGE IN VOLUME OF UNIT CELL
Control 589.99. 804.99 47.729
Treated T1 581.48 805.53 47.759 -1.44 0.07 -0.06
Treated T2 579.42 805.31 47.768 -1.79 0.04 -0.07
CRYSTALLITE SIZE ‘G’ × 10-9
m % CHANGE IN ‘G’
Control 28.95 43.44 61.87
Treated T1 62.09 62.07 108.27 114.46 42.87 74.99
Treated T2 108.65 86.88 72.18 275.26 100.00 16.66
Table 1: Analysis of X-ray diffraction results of oxide nano powders-crystal parameters.
IRON
OXIDE
Fe3
O4
COPPER
OXIDE
CuO
ZINC
OXIDE
ZnO
IRON
OXIDE
Fe3
O4
COPPER
OXIDE
CuO
ZINC
OXIDE
ZnO
Molecular Weight (Weight of Number Of Neutrons And Protons) g/g.
mol
% Change In Molecular Weight (Percent Change In Weight of
Number Of Neutrons And Protons)
Control 233.99 80.69 81.70
Treated T1 230.61 80.74 81.75 -1.443 0.067 0.063
Treated T2 229.80 80.72 81.76 -1.793 0.040 0.082
DENSITY g/cc % Change In Density
Control 5.268 6.657 5.684
Treated T1 5.345 6.652 5.687 1.465 -0.067 0.062
Treated T2 5.364 6.654 5.688 1.826 -0.040 0.074
Table 2: Analysis of X-ray diffraction results of oxide nano powders-molecular weight and density.
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
IRON OXIDE COPPER OXIDE ZINC OXIDE
POWDER/ TREATMENT
CHANGEINUNITCELLVOLUME
%
TREATED T1
TREATED T2
Figure 4: Percent change in unit cell volume between control and treated
ceramic nanopowders.
4. Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O (2015) Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide
Nano Powders after Bio field Treatment. Ind Eng Manage 4: 161. doi:10.4172/2169-0316.1000161
Page 4 of 6
Volume 4 • Issue 2 • 1000161Ind Eng Manage
ISSN: 2169-0316, IEM an open access journal
FT-IR spectrum of copper oxide is shown in Figure 8. The FT-IR
of copper oxide (control) has showed only one peak at 619/cm, which
was mainly due to Cu (II)-O stretching vibrations peak [45]. Contrarily
in treated copper oxide sample, this absorption peak was observed at
higher wavenumber, 629/cm that may have been due to a reduction
in particle size or strengthening of Cu—O bond through biofield
treatment [46].
The FT-IR spectrum of Iron oxide is illustrated in Figure 9. The
Iron oxide (control) sample showed intense absorptions peaks at 619/
cm and 568/cm respectively which could be due to Fe-O stretching
vibrations in Fe3
O4
[47]. The treated iron oxide sample exhibited
peaks at 644.4/cm and 568/cm respectively which were attributed to
the Fe—O vibration peaks [47,48]. This may be due to contributions
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
IRON OXIDE COPPER OXIDE ZINC OXIDE
POWDER/ TREATMENT
CHANGEINMOLECULARWEIGHT%
(PERCENTCHANGEINWEIGHTOF
NUMBEROFNEUTRONSAND
PROTONS)
TREATED T1
TREATED T2
Figure 5: Percent change in molecular weight (Change in weight of total number
of protons and neutrons) of treated ceramic nanopowders.
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
IRON OXIDE COPPER OXIDE ZINC OXIDE
POWDER
CHNGEINDENSITY%
TREATED T1
TREATED T2
Figure 6: Percentage change in density of control and treated ceramic
nanopowders.
Figure 7: FT-IR spectrum of control and treated samples of zinc oxide.
Figure 8: FT-IR spectrum of control and treated samples of copper oxide.
Figure 9: FT-IR spectrum of control and treated samples of iron oxide.
5. Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O (2015) Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide
Nano Powders after Bio field Treatment. Ind Eng Manage 4: 161. doi:10.4172/2169-0316.1000161
Page 5 of 6
Volume 4 • Issue 2 • 1000161Ind Eng Manage
ISSN: 2169-0316, IEM an open access journal
from the stretching vibration bands related to metal in the tetrahedral
and octahedral sites of the oxide structure. However in treated Fe3
O4
,
the absorption band responsible for Fe-O bond shifted towards higher
wavenumber of 644/cm, which may be possible due to breaking of
many bonds on surface atoms. This may cause rearrangement of
localized electrons on the particle surface leading to increase in surface
bond force constant; followed by the shifting of absorption bands
to higher wavenumber [49]. It is hypothesized that energy through
biofield treatment has been transferred to atoms, which caused these
changes in bond properties.
In present work, biofield treatment altered the atomic and
structural properties, which may lead to the changes in corresponding
optical and electrical properties in ceramic nanopowders.
Conclusion
Biofield treatment by Mr. Trivedi has significantly altered the
atomic and crystalline characteristics of nano Iron oxide (Fe3
O4
), nano
copper oxide (CuO) and nano zinc oxide (ZnO) as follows;
• As per the results, the decrease in volume of unit cell up
to 1.79% and an increase in crystallite size by 275.26% are
opposing effects and can be only explained based on current
knowledge in terms of dislocation movements during recovery
and re-crystallization. This is an unprecedented phenomenon
observed, since ceramics are elastic solids.
• The treated powders exhibited increase as well decrease in
volume of the unit cell and molecular weight. The changes in
density are exactly reversed. This inverse relationship between
density and molecular weight can only be explained by changes
in the total number of neutrons and protons as well as their
ratio. So we hypothesize that the results achieved could be due
to changes in protons and neutrons in the nucleus caused by
weak interactions.
• FT-IR spectra showed, significant shifting of M-O stretching
vibration in all transition metal oxides (TMOs), which revealed
that biofield treatment have altered the bond length and bond
force constant.
• Based on the higher crystallite size and higher lattice strain
achieved in treated ZnO, Fe3
O4
and CuO powders ; we assume
that these ceramics could be used for piezoelectric devices,
ferrofluids, and semiconductor applications, respectively.
Acknowledgement
We sincerely thank to all the laboratory staff of various laboratories for their
active support in characterizing the samples. We thank Dr. Cheng Dong of NLSC,
Institute of Physics, and Chinese Academy of Sciences for permitting us to use
PowderX software for analyzing XRD results.
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6. Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O (2015) Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide
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Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O (2015)
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano
Powders after Bio field Treatment. Ind Eng Manage 4: 161. doi:10.4172/2169-
0316.1000161