IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Electro-oxidation And Its Feasibility In Wastewater TreatmentSakib Shahriar
Electro-oxidation (EO) is one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOP) used in wastewater treatment. It is also called anodic oxidation. In this presentation, we can learn about the working principle, industrial applications, types of electrodes, and catalysts in the EO process. The advantages and disadvantages are described later. The main advantages of electro-oxidation are the formation of low sludge and large percentages of organic matter degradation. But the main drawbacks occur due to the requirement of large space and expense. EO is used in many types of wastewater treatment. Degradation of methyl orange azo dye in a recirculation flow plant system, treatment of wastewater containing aromatic amines, endocrine disruptors treatment, domestic water, industrial wastewater, synthetic dye effluent, olive mill wastewater, pulp mill wastewater, citric acid wastewater.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Electro-oxidation And Its Feasibility In Wastewater TreatmentSakib Shahriar
Electro-oxidation (EO) is one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOP) used in wastewater treatment. It is also called anodic oxidation. In this presentation, we can learn about the working principle, industrial applications, types of electrodes, and catalysts in the EO process. The advantages and disadvantages are described later. The main advantages of electro-oxidation are the formation of low sludge and large percentages of organic matter degradation. But the main drawbacks occur due to the requirement of large space and expense. EO is used in many types of wastewater treatment. Degradation of methyl orange azo dye in a recirculation flow plant system, treatment of wastewater containing aromatic amines, endocrine disruptors treatment, domestic water, industrial wastewater, synthetic dye effluent, olive mill wastewater, pulp mill wastewater, citric acid wastewater.
Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in Chloride and Sulfate SolutionsIJERA Editor
Corrosion is a major problem in industry and in infrastructure; a huge sum of expenditure every year is spent on
preventing, retarding, and repairing its damages. This work studies the engineering of an inhibitor for carbon
steel metal used in the cooling systems containing high concentration of chloride and sulfate ions. For this
purpose, the synergy between the dichromate, molybdate and nitrite inhibitors is examined and optimized to the
best results. Moreover, care was taken that the proposed inhibitor is compliant with the environmental laws and
regulations.
Hydrogen Gas Production from Tannery Wastewater by Electrocoagulation of a Co...IOSRJAC
The performance of a continuous electrocoagulation (EC) process was investigated for tannery wastewater treatment using aluminum and iron electrodes. The effects of the operating parameters, such as current density, pH of solution and inlet flow rate, on pollutants removal efficiency and recovery of hydrogen gas were investigated in order to optimize process performance. In the case of aluminum electrodes, The results showed that for tannery wastewater with an influent pH adjusted at about 6, the use of a current density of 14 mA/cm2 , and an EC time of 125 min, gave access to pollutants (COD, Color, Cr, and NH3-N) removal efficiency 73, 94, 100 and 51%, respectively. The energy yield of harvested hydrogen was 16% of the electrical energy demand of the electrocoagulation process. However, in the case of iron electrodes, with effluent pH adjusted at about 7, , the use of a current density of 14 mA/cm2 , and an EC time of 125 min, gave access to pollutants (COD, Color, Cr, and NH3-N) removal efficiency 67, 93, 100 and 46 %, respectively. And also, the energy yield of harvested hydrogen was 15 % of the electrical energy demand of the electrocoagulation process. Thus, the operating costs for two cases were found to be 0.675 $/m3 wastewater. It could be seen that hydrogen gas production coupled with pollutants removal efficiency by EC continuous mode would be an effective approach for energy recovery and wastewater reutilization.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF KAOLINITE COATED WITH CU-OXIDE AND ITS EFFE...Premier Publishers
In this paper, a novel copper oxide coated kaolinite was prepared as an adsorbent of Hg(II) ions from aqueous media. The materials used for this study were synthesized, characterised and the product tested for mercury ion removal using standard laboratory procedures. Reactivity and removal kinetic models derived from Freundlich isotherm were used to investigate contact time and pH effects on the coefficient of protonation and rate of mass transfer of Hg(II) ions to the reactive sites, Proton coefficient of 0.89 indicated a decrease in proton consumption function when compared with uncoated kaolinite. At the 12th h reaction time, a maximum adsorption capacity of 85% was achieved. Mass transfer rates of 0.9359h-1 and 0.0748h-1 for the first and second reaction phases indicated a reduction when compared with uncoated kaolinite. These changes may be ascribed to masking of reaction sites and exposed surface area of the Cu-Oxide coated kaolinite.
Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for
the adsorption of cationic dye from aqueous solution onto
composite activated carbon. The composite activated carbon was
prepared from brewer’s spent grain and sea bean shell at a ratio
of 1:1. The equilibrium studies were done at different
concentrations and temperatures. The equilibrium data were
fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and
Temkin isotherm models. The results showed that both Lagmuir
and Freundlich isotherm model fitted the data reasonably well
but Freundlich isotherm fitted better in the temperature range
studied. This confirmed that the adsorption is heterogeneous,
non-specific and non-uniform in nature. Kinetic studies were also
undertaken in terms of first order, second order, pseudo first
order, pseudo second order, Elovich, Boyd, and intra-particle
diffusion models. The results indicated that the data followed
pseudo second order model with surface adsorption and intraparticle
diffusion concurrently operating during the adsorbateadsorbent
interaction. The values of the thermodynamic
parameters computed from Van’t Hoff plot confirmed the
process to be endothermic and spontaneous in nature.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Tuning of pid controller of inverted pendulum using genetic algorithmeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in Chloride and Sulfate SolutionsIJERA Editor
Corrosion is a major problem in industry and in infrastructure; a huge sum of expenditure every year is spent on
preventing, retarding, and repairing its damages. This work studies the engineering of an inhibitor for carbon
steel metal used in the cooling systems containing high concentration of chloride and sulfate ions. For this
purpose, the synergy between the dichromate, molybdate and nitrite inhibitors is examined and optimized to the
best results. Moreover, care was taken that the proposed inhibitor is compliant with the environmental laws and
regulations.
Hydrogen Gas Production from Tannery Wastewater by Electrocoagulation of a Co...IOSRJAC
The performance of a continuous electrocoagulation (EC) process was investigated for tannery wastewater treatment using aluminum and iron electrodes. The effects of the operating parameters, such as current density, pH of solution and inlet flow rate, on pollutants removal efficiency and recovery of hydrogen gas were investigated in order to optimize process performance. In the case of aluminum electrodes, The results showed that for tannery wastewater with an influent pH adjusted at about 6, the use of a current density of 14 mA/cm2 , and an EC time of 125 min, gave access to pollutants (COD, Color, Cr, and NH3-N) removal efficiency 73, 94, 100 and 51%, respectively. The energy yield of harvested hydrogen was 16% of the electrical energy demand of the electrocoagulation process. However, in the case of iron electrodes, with effluent pH adjusted at about 7, , the use of a current density of 14 mA/cm2 , and an EC time of 125 min, gave access to pollutants (COD, Color, Cr, and NH3-N) removal efficiency 67, 93, 100 and 46 %, respectively. And also, the energy yield of harvested hydrogen was 15 % of the electrical energy demand of the electrocoagulation process. Thus, the operating costs for two cases were found to be 0.675 $/m3 wastewater. It could be seen that hydrogen gas production coupled with pollutants removal efficiency by EC continuous mode would be an effective approach for energy recovery and wastewater reutilization.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF KAOLINITE COATED WITH CU-OXIDE AND ITS EFFE...Premier Publishers
In this paper, a novel copper oxide coated kaolinite was prepared as an adsorbent of Hg(II) ions from aqueous media. The materials used for this study were synthesized, characterised and the product tested for mercury ion removal using standard laboratory procedures. Reactivity and removal kinetic models derived from Freundlich isotherm were used to investigate contact time and pH effects on the coefficient of protonation and rate of mass transfer of Hg(II) ions to the reactive sites, Proton coefficient of 0.89 indicated a decrease in proton consumption function when compared with uncoated kaolinite. At the 12th h reaction time, a maximum adsorption capacity of 85% was achieved. Mass transfer rates of 0.9359h-1 and 0.0748h-1 for the first and second reaction phases indicated a reduction when compared with uncoated kaolinite. These changes may be ascribed to masking of reaction sites and exposed surface area of the Cu-Oxide coated kaolinite.
Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for
the adsorption of cationic dye from aqueous solution onto
composite activated carbon. The composite activated carbon was
prepared from brewer’s spent grain and sea bean shell at a ratio
of 1:1. The equilibrium studies were done at different
concentrations and temperatures. The equilibrium data were
fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and
Temkin isotherm models. The results showed that both Lagmuir
and Freundlich isotherm model fitted the data reasonably well
but Freundlich isotherm fitted better in the temperature range
studied. This confirmed that the adsorption is heterogeneous,
non-specific and non-uniform in nature. Kinetic studies were also
undertaken in terms of first order, second order, pseudo first
order, pseudo second order, Elovich, Boyd, and intra-particle
diffusion models. The results indicated that the data followed
pseudo second order model with surface adsorption and intraparticle
diffusion concurrently operating during the adsorbateadsorbent
interaction. The values of the thermodynamic
parameters computed from Van’t Hoff plot confirmed the
process to be endothermic and spontaneous in nature.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Tuning of pid controller of inverted pendulum using genetic algorithmeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Study and comparison of various communication based protective relaying schem...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Evaluation the affects of mimo based rayleigh network cascaded with unstable ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance analysis of cmos comparator and cntfet comparator designeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Analysis of multi hop relay algorithm for efficient broadcasting in manetseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A novel work for bin packing problem by ant colony optimizationeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Non standard size image compression with reversible embedded waveletseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Removal of turbidity using electrocoagulationeSAT Journals
Abstract Electrocoagulation (EC) is a technique involving the electrolytic addition of coagulating metal ions directly from electrodes, this electrode also known as sacrificial electrode. These ions work as a coagulating agent in the water, similar manner to the addition of chemicals such as alum and ferric chloride. Electrode allows the easier removal of the turbidity. In this study experimental investigation is carried out to removal of turbidity using electrocoagulation method with the help of aluminum electrodes in a batch reactor. Several working parameters, such as pH, current density, and operating time were varied to achieve a higher removal efficiency of turbidity. Two type of water sample were used1) synthetic turbid water and 2) back wash water synthetic water was made from crushed sand with initial turbidity of 200 NTU whereas back wash water was collected from Nigadi water treatment plant . Current intensity was varied from 2 to 6 A. and detention time between 5 to 20 minutes with pH range from pH 3 to pH 11. The removal efficiencies for synthetic turbidity were found about 91% at 6A for 20 minutes at neutral pH, whereas removal efficiencies for backwash water were found about 89% at 6A for 20 minutes at neutral pH. The results of the study indicated that the turbidity can be removed effectively by EC process using Al electrodes. Keywords: Electrocoagulation, sacrificial electrode, Turbidity, Water Treatment
TREATING WASTE WATER USING ELECTROCOAGULATION APPROACHIAEME Publication
Performance of Electro coagulation method is evaluated by treating various
sources of water. The electrodes of stainless steel are used for arranging electrolytic
cell. The treatment efficiency is assessed by varying electrical potential and
concentration time. The parameters namely pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total
Hardness, Electrical Conductivity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were tested and results were compared to assess
the performance of treatment process. Effects of operating parameters such as
varying electrical potential (3V-12V) and concentration time (10 minutes- 30 minutes)
were evaluated for optimum operating conditions. The result shown that identified
electrolytic arrangement is significantly efficient for treating BOD and COD when
compared to other water quality parameters especially for grey and industrial water
samples. The highest removal efficiency under optimum operating condition for COD
and BOD removal were obtained with 58% and 67% in grey water sample whereas in
industrial waste water sample, the efficiencies are 53% and 57%. Further, the study
suggested the various simulations in the operating parameters with the economic
considerations to optimize the findings and for upcoming progress in the application
of this advanced technology.
Uv radiation assisted photocatalytic transformation of azo dye direct yellow 9eSAT Journals
Abstract
Advanced oxidation process (AOP) is best for treatment of textile industries effluents (waste water). Methylene blue immobilized resin dowex-11; a photocatalyst is used for transformation of azo dyes. The mechanism of the photo transformation depends on the radiation used. Activity of catalyst remains unaffected on continuous use. The process follows pseudo first order kinetics according to Langmuir Hinshelwood model, the value of rate constant k is 1.43*10-2 min-1 and approximately 94.60% of the dye was transforms within 160 min of irradiation.
Keywords: Transformation, Direct Yellow-9, Methylene blue immobilized resin, Textile effluents; Dowex-11, Photocatalyst.
Electrochemical Degradation of Methylen Blue Using Carbon Composite Electrode...iosrjce
Electrochemical oxidation of methylene blue using carbon composite electrode in sodium chloride
solution have been done. The aim of this work was to degradation of methylen blue using the direct oxidation in
undivided electrolysis cell. Carbon composite electrode was prepare by C powder and PVC in 4 mL
tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent and swirled flatly to homogeneous followed by drying in an oven at 100 °C for 3
h. The mixture was placed in stainless steel mould and pressed at 10 ton/cm2
. Sodium chloride was used
electrolyte solution. The effects of the current and electrolysis time were investigated using cyclic voltammetry,
spectrophotometer UV-Visible and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The experimental results
showed that the carbon composite electrode have higher effect in the electrochemical degradation of methylene
blue. Based on UV-visible spectra and GC-MS analysis also shows current and electrolysis time for
degradation of methylene blue optimum at 1,5 A and 60 minute, respectively. As a conclusions is this method its
simple equipment, easy operation and friendly for environmental.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR SELECTION OF EFFECTIVE ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION FOR ELECT...IAEME Publication
Electrochemical discharge machining ECDM is an advanced hybrid machining process which can be successfully used for machining electrically non-conductive materials such as glass
ceramics and composites materials which are now a day’s used extensively for engineering applications. It is combination of ECM and EDM.
Sustainable Strategies for the Exploitation of End-of-Life Permanent MagnetsNOMADPOWER
Rare Earth Magnets (REM), especially the NdFeB type, are essential components in high-performance electric motors and wind turbines, playing an important role in the shift towards a low-carbon energy matrix. However, little work has been done to understand how the production of REM can be in line with the global sustainable transition. To overcome this lack and help with future research, as well as decision-making, this paper provides a literature overview of which aspects of sustainability are being investigated in the REM supply chain, and how each of them contributes to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This research is developed through a consistent analysis of 44 peer-reviewed publications, followed by an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Four main subjects of studies were identified: environmental impact; social impact; economic aspects and circular economy. Most of the studies focus on computing the environmental impact through life cycle assessment and discussing techniques towards exploring the circular economy concept. In addition to contributing to a greener economy, the majors identified strengths of REM are the great potential of its supply chain in reducing primary resource extraction, since REM recovery and recycling seem to be viable, and the promising techniques to minimize environmental impacts along the rare earth elements production chain.
Wastewater got much of our intention these days because wastewater is polluting our lakes, pounds and even sea have a lot of
contaminated amount of waste. This water is hazardous for the acute life, dangerous for living things. Wastewater polluted the natural
reservoirs. Over the past, the knowledge of the mechanisms of electrochemical wastewater treatment has progressively evolved. A
comprehensive understanding of the types of methods and mechanisms of treatment of wastewater is a prerequisite to the understanding of
their relativities and elucidation of intermediate products generated during the oxidation process and degradation pathways. The type,
nature, and quantity of reactive species generated in electrochemical treatment processes are controlled by many factors, including the type
of the treatment technique, electrode/electro catalyst materials, water/wastewater composition, water pH conditions, and operating
parameters are to be considered. Multiple methods such as separation, conversion and combined methods are used for treatment. However,
basic principle works on the electrochemical mechanism. This article gives the basic idea of electrochemical methods working principles,
techniques being considered. It will also help us understand the byproducts recovery of different metal ions and how they converted into
useful form. Best methods based on the efficiency and economic value. Feasibility of long term and short term methods for the treatment of
wastewater.
Biosorption of hg (ii) from aqueous solutions using butea monospermaeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using Butea monosperma leaves powder (BMLP) for the removal of
mercury from aqueous solution at the normal pH of the solution and at room temperature (30oC). Results show that BMLP has a good
biosorption capacity for mercury. The biosorption isotherms were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin models. The
Freundlich model yielded the best fit for the experimental biosorption equilibrium data. The maximum monolayer biosorption
capacity as determined from the Langmuir model is 62.235 mg/g of biosorbent for initial concentration of 150 ppm mercury in the
solution. The biosorption energy, ΔQ indicates that the biosorption reaction was endothermic. The kinetic data fitted the Ho’s pseudosecond-
order model with correlation coefficient 0.9985 and 0.9620 for initial concentration of 100 ppm and 150 ppm mercury in the
solution. The studies suggest that the sorbent can be used for the removal of mercury from aqueous solutions.
Keywords: Biosorption, Mercury, Isotherms, Kinetics
Similar to Treatment of solid waste leachate by (20)
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Planning Of Procurement o different goods and services
Treatment of solid waste leachate by
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
________________________________________________________________________________________
IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 266
TREATMENT OF SOLID WASTE LEACHATE BY
ELECTROCOAGULATION TECHNOLOGY
C.B. Shivayogimath1
, Chandrakant Watawati2
1
Professor & Head of the Department, Civil Engineering, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot
cb_shivayogimath@rediffmail.com
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, VSM Institute of Technology, Nipani, cswatawati@gmail.com
Abstract
This paper presents, treatment of solid waste leachate by Electrocoagulation (EC) technique using aluminum electrodes. The sample
of leachate was collected from Bagalkot Municipal solid waste (MSW) site. The effects of process variables such as pH, applied cell
voltage, and operating time were investigated on COD and turbidity removal. The EC process was carried out in a batch reactor of
1 liter capacity and samples of 750 ml were taken out for batch at 05, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 minutes of operation. Results
obtained from the experiments showed that COD and turbidity removal was strongly influenced by the initial pH. The highest COD
and turbidity removal efficiency of 95.8% and 96.6% were obtained at an applied cell voltage of for 9V, 40 minutes of operation.
Keywords: Electro coagulation (EC), Leachate, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Turbidity and Aluminum electrode.
-------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Land filling is one of the most popular methods of MSW
disposal due to its relative simplicity in terms of disposal
procedures and low cost [1]. The degradation of the organic
fraction of the municipal solid waste in landfill in
combination with the percolation of rain water produces a
liquid called leachate. One of the main problems with the
solid waste landfill sites is leachate depending on large
amounts of organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, heavy metals,
and chlorinated organic and inorganic salts [2]. Leachate has
a complex structure and high pollutant load, and its treatment
is quite hard to meet the discharge standards. Therefore,
many pretreatment and combined treatment methods are
biological treatment methods, membrane processes, advanced
oxidation techniques, coagulation-flocculation methods,
lagoon and wetland applications have been examined in the
literature [3]. Chemical composition of landfill leachate
depends on several factors including waste composition, site
hydrogeology, specific climatic conditions, moisture routing
through the landfill, landfill age as well as design and
operation of the landfill [1]. The rapid increase in the waste
generation has increased the land usage also. In solid waste
management, the most common technique for final disposal
of solid waste over the world is sanitary landfill. However,
leachate becomes an issue as a wastewater sources since it
may cause serious pollutions to ecosystem [4]. The heavy
metals that commonly found in high concentrations in
leachate are iron, manganese, zinc, chromium, lead, copper
and cadmium. Therefore, more technological development
had been done in various countries to treat the landfill
leachate [4].
Electro coagulation (EC) is an electrochemical
wastewater treatment technology that has been used in
treating effluents containing suspended solids, oil and grease,
and even organic and inorganic pollutants that can be
flocculated. In India EC technology has been successfully
adopted for the treatment of the textile dye wastewater [5],
purification of wastewater [6], tannery wastewater [7] and
domestic wastewater [8]. This method is characterized by
simple equipment and easy operation. The EC processes have
lesser amount of sludge and the EC process have been
successfully used in removal of COD as high as 81% from
landfill leachate [9], 74.08% from landfill leachate [4] and
the removal efficiency of turbidity were high as 95% [10].
The objective of the present paper is to investigate the
influencing parameters which can contribute to high removal
of COD and turbidity in landfill leachate by EC processes
using aluminum electrodes.
2. MECHANISM OF EC
Water is also electrolyzed in a parallel reaction, producing
small bubbles of oxygen at anode and hydrogen at the
cathode. Electro coagulation, precipitation of ions (heavy
metals) and colloids (organic and inorganic) using electricity
has been known as an ideal technology to upgrade water
quality for a long time and successfully applied to a wide
range of pollutants. Electro coagulation is the technique to
create conglomerates of the suspended, dissolved or
emulsified particles in aqueous medium using electrical
current causing production of metal ions at the expense of
sacrificing electrodes and hydroxyl ions as a result of water
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
________________________________________________________________________________________
IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 267
splitting. Metal hydroxides are produced as a result of EC and
act as coagulant/flocculent for the suspended solids to convert
them into flocs of enough density to be sediment under
gravity. Destabilization of the contaminants, particulate
suspension, breaking of emulsions, and aggregation of the
destabilized phases to form flocs. The reactions occurring in
an EC process using aluminum anode and cathode can be
referred in Eqn. 1, 2 and 3 as represented below.
The oxidation reaction at the anode,
Al→Al+3
+ 3e-
(1)
The reduction reaction at the cathode,
3H2O + 3e-
→ 1.5 H2 + 3Al-
(2)
Net Equation;
Al + 3 H2O → Al (OH)3 + 1.5 H2O (3)
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The experimental setup of monopolar parallel EC unit is
shown in Fig. 1. The EC container was made of plastic and
has dimensions 80 mm diameter and 100 mm height. The
aluminum electrodes with dimensions of 90mm x 30mm x
1mm were used as cathode and anode. After the initial
characterization of leachate, batch experiments were
conducted to optimize the various parameters. The studies
were performed with four electrodes connected to the DC
power supply to determine optimum condition. The space
between electrodes was maintained 1.5cm in all the
experiments. In each run the voltage was varied to a desired
value of 3, 6, and 9V. The volume of solution in each batch
experiment was 0.75L. To maintain homogenous mixing of
the reactor content, magnetic stirring unit was used.
Electrodes should be washed before every experiment. EC
experiments were performed for 40 min and in each run
samples are retrieved at every 5 minutes interval for analysis.
Fig.1 Experimental setup
The study was carried out using leachate collected from
Bagalkot MSW site which is situated 4 km away from the
city centre. The characteristics of the leachate are shown in
Table1.
Table.1 Characteristics of solid waste leachate
Particulars Concentration
pH
Color
Total suspended solids (mg/L)
COD (mg/L)
Conductivity(µS/cm)
Total solids (mg/L)
Turbidity (NTU)
Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L)
5.8
yellow
718
4820
2441
900
89
182
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Effect of Cell Voltage and pH on COD Removal
The experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1. It describes the
effect of cell voltage on COD removal efficiency. When
leachate was treated without pH adjustment i.e. at pH 5.8
(Fig.2), the COD removal efficiency increased with
electrolysis time (ET) up to 35 minutes afterwards no change
was observed. However the figure showed that, maximum
COD removal of 95.8% was obtained at ET of 35 minutes at
cell voltage 9V, during this period COD reduced from 4820
to 198 mg/L. When pH was reduced to 4.0 (Fig.3), COD
removal increases with ET however maximum COD removal
efficiency of 73.6% was obtained be at ET of 35 minutes of
at 9V, COD reduced from 4820 to 1270 mg/L. When pH was
increased moving towards alkaline condition at pH 8.0
(Fig.4), maximum COD removal efficiency 82.3% was
obtained at ET of 35 minutes at cell voltage of 9V, during
this period COD reduced from 4820 mg/L to 850 mg/L.
Comparing all the three figures, maximum COD removal
efficiency of 95.8% was obtained at pH 5.8 with voltage of
9V during an ET of 35 minutes.
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
________________________________________________________________________________________
IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 268
Fig. 2 COD removal with ET at different voltages (pH: 5.8)
Fig. 3 COD removal with ET at different voltages (pH: 4.0)
Fig. 4 COD removal with ET at different voltages (pH: 8.0)
4.2 Effect of Cell Voltage and pH on Turbidity
Removal
The effects of pH and cell voltage at varying ET are
presented in the following section. In all the cases (Fig. 5, 6
and 7) the turbidity removal increased with ET and cell
voltage up to 35 minutes. However maximum turbidity
removal of 96.6% was obtained at pH 5.8 and cell voltage
9V. At this condition the turbidity reduced from 89 NTU to 3
NTU.
Fig. 5 Turbidity removal with ET at different voltages (pH:
5.8)
Fig. 6 Turbidity removal with ET at different voltages (pH:
4.0)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
CODremoval(%)
Time (min)
3V
6V
9V
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
CODremoval(%)
Time (min)
3V
6V
9V
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
CODremoval(%)
Time (min)
3V
6V
9v
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Turbidityremoval(%)
Time (min)
3V
6V
9V
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Turbidityremoval(%)
Time (min)
3V
6V
9V
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
________________________________________________________________________________________
IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 269
Fig. 7 Turbidity removal with ET at different voltages (pH:
8.0)
CONCLUSIONS
The study investigated the removal of COD from a landfill
leachate characterized by high COD concentration. It was
found that, operating parameters such as electrolysis time, pH
and voltage significantly affected the treatment of landfill
leachate. The optimum COD and turbidity removal of 95.8%
and 96.6% respectively were obtained at a very short ET of
35 minutes cell voltage of 9V with leachate pH as 5.8.
Further, use of aluminum as sacrificial electrode material in
the treatment of landfill leachate was found to be very
sensitive for changes in pH. Finally the results of study
showed that, EC technology could be applied for the cost
effective treatment of landfill leachate.
REFERENCES
[1] Noor Ainee Zainol, Hamidi Abdul Aziz, Mohd Suffian
Yusoff and Muhammad Umar, “The use of Poly
aluminum Chloride for the treatment of Landfill
Leachate Via Coagulation and Flocculation
processes”, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,
Vol. 1(3), pages 34-39 (2011).
[2] Tuba Yilmaz, Selami Apaydin and Ali Berktay,
“Coagulation-Flocculation and Air Stripping as a
Pretreatment of Young Landfill Leachate”, The Open
Environmental Engineering Journal, Vol. 3, pages 42-
48 (2010).
[3] Faith Ilhan, Ugur Kurt, Omer Apaydin, and M. Talha
Gonullu, “Treatment of leachate by Electrocoagulation
using aluminum and iron electrodes”, Journal of
Hazardous Materials 154, pages 381-389 (2008).
[4] Rosie Jotin, Shaharin Ibrahim and Normala Halimoon,
“Electrocoagulation for removal of chemical oxygen
demand in sanitary landfill leachate”, International
Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 2,
pages 921-930 (2012).
[5] Usha N Murthy, H.B Rekha and J.G Bhavya,
“Electrochemical treatment of textile dye wastewater
using stainless steel electrode”, International
Conference on Environmental and Computer science,
pages 64-68 (2011).
[6] A. K. Chopra, Arun Kumar Sharma and Vinod kumar,
“Overview of Electrolytic treatment: An alternative
technology for purification of wastewater”, Scholars
research library, pages 191-206 (2011).
[7] R. Ramesh Babu, N.S. Bhadrinarayana, K.M.Meera
Sheriffa Begum and N.Anantharaman, “Treatment of
tannery wastewater by Electrocoagulation”, Journal of
university of chemical technology and metallurgy,
pages 201-206 (2007).
[8] C. Sarala, “Domestic wastewater treatment by
electrocoagulation with Fe-Fe electrodes”,
International Journal of engineering trends and
technology, Vol. 3, pages 530-533 (2012).
[9] Masoumeh MoayeriKashani, Salman Masoudi Soltani
and S. Sobri, “Treatment of Malaysian Leachate
Sample Using Electrocoagulation”, International
Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications,
Vol. 3, No. 1, pages 63-66 (2012).
[10] Moh Faiqun Ni’am, Fadil Othman, Johan Sohaili and
Zulfa Fauzia, “Removal of COD and Turbidity to
improve wastewater quality using Electrocoagulation
Technique” The Malaysian Journal of Analytical
Sciences, Vol. 11, No.1, pages 198-205 (2007).
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Turbidityremoval(%)
Time (min)
3V
6V
9V