Oils and fats are esters composed of glycerol and fatty acids. Fats are found in animals and are solids at room temperature, while oils can be found in animals and plants and are liquids at room temperature. The document defines saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and lists examples of each found in common fats like palm oil. It describes the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats and their properties. Finally, it discusses some advantages of palm oil including its widespread use in foods and importance to the economy through business and jobs.

1.  Oils and fats belong to a group of organic
compounds known as lipids.
 Oils and fats are natural occurring esters.
 Fats are found in animals.
 Oils are found in both animals and plants.
 Fats and oils are esters (fatty acids + glycerol)
 Fatty acids containing 12-18 Carbon atoms per
molecule.
Fats and Oil

2. Name
of fat
Molecular formula of ester
Types of
fatty acids
Lauric
acid*
CH3(CH2)10COOH Saturated
Palmatic
acid*
CH3(CH2)14COOH Saturated
Stearic
acid*
CH3(CH2)16COOH Saturated
Oleic
oxide**
CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH Unsaturated
Linoleic
acid***
CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
Unsaturated
Linoleic
acid***
CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
Unsaturated
* Saturated: C-C double bonds
** Unsaturated (monounsaturated): C=C double bonds
*** Unsaturated (polyunsaturated): C=C double bonds

3. Structure of the Molecules

4.  Fats are solids at room temperature while oils are
liquids at room temperature.
 The melting points of fats are higher than the
melting points of oils.
The
Important
of Oils and
Fats
Source of energy Source of nutrients
ProtectionThermal insulation
Differences between Oils and Fats

5.  Saturated fats
Fats which contain esters of glycerols and saturated
fatty acids
saturated fatty acids :
• has all carbon atoms joined together by single carbon-carbon
(– C – C –) covalent bonds.
 Unsaturated fats
Fats which contain esters of glycerols and unsaturated
fatty acids
Unsaturated fatty acids:
• contain single (– C – C –) and double ( – C = C – ) covalent
bonds.
Saturated and Unsaturated Fats

6. Difference Between Saturated
Fat and Unsaturated Fat
Saturated Fats Unsaturated Fats
Consist of saturated fatty acids.
Saturated fatty acids have no
double bonds between the carbon
atoms of the fatty acid chains.
Consist of unsaturated fatty acids,
which contain one or more than
one double bond in the fatty acid
chains.
Higher melting point. Lower melting point.
Exist as solid at room temperature.
Exist as liquid at room
temperature.
Cannot be hydrogenated. Can be hydrogenated.
High cholesterol content No cholesterol content

7. Advantages of Using Palm Oil
1.The advantages of using palm oil are as
follows.
• Palm oil is commonly used in a wide range of foods
• Good for the human diet
• Inexpensive
2.The Importance of the Palm Oil Industry to Our
Country
• Contributing towards global business
• Employment opportunities
• Reduced cost of living
Palm Oil