This document discusses lipids such as fatty acids, fats, and oils. It describes the different types of lipids including those with and without fatty acids. Fatty acids are long-chain carboxylic acids that can be saturated or unsaturated. Fats and oils are formed from glycerol and fatty acids and are known as triglycerides. Triglycerides can undergo hydrogenation to convert double bonds to single bonds or hydrolysis to split into glycerol and fatty acids. Saponification uses a strong base to split triglycerides into glycerol and soap.
Properties of fats and oils/Organic chemistry 2/Neet preparation/ Reactions of fats and oil/Qualitative analysis of fats and oils
Also see videos:
Properties of fats and oils
https://youtu.be/ux09yaPPPHw
Qualitative analysis of fats and oils
https://youtu.be/WXO6Ggdjwvo
Hi dear students, in this presentation I had explained the introduction, sources, functions and chemistry of fats and oils. I had covered the chemical reactions of fats and oils too, which includes hydrolysis, hydrogenation, Rancidity and drying of oils.
I had covered acid value, saponification value, iodine value, ester value, acetyl value, Reichert meissl value and polenske value of fats and oils. After watching this presentation it will be be able to answer the following questions,
What are fats and oils?
What are fats and oils?
What are the qualitative analysis tests for fats and oils?
What is fatty acid?
What are saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
What is the difference between fats and oils?
What is fatty acid?
What is triglyceride?
What are saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
What are essential fatty acids?
What is omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids?
How vanaspati ghee is made?
What is acid value?
What is acid number?
What is saponification value?
What is iodine value?
What is ester value?
What is acetyl value?
What is reichert meissl value?
Properties of fats and oils/Organic chemistry 2/Neet preparation/ Reactions of fats and oil/Qualitative analysis of fats and oils
Also see videos:
Properties of fats and oils
https://youtu.be/ux09yaPPPHw
Qualitative analysis of fats and oils
https://youtu.be/WXO6Ggdjwvo
Hi dear students, in this presentation I had explained the introduction, sources, functions and chemistry of fats and oils. I had covered the chemical reactions of fats and oils too, which includes hydrolysis, hydrogenation, Rancidity and drying of oils.
I had covered acid value, saponification value, iodine value, ester value, acetyl value, Reichert meissl value and polenske value of fats and oils. After watching this presentation it will be be able to answer the following questions,
What are fats and oils?
What are fats and oils?
What are the qualitative analysis tests for fats and oils?
What is fatty acid?
What are saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
What is the difference between fats and oils?
What is fatty acid?
What is triglyceride?
What are saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
What are essential fatty acids?
What is omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids?
How vanaspati ghee is made?
What is acid value?
What is acid number?
What is saponification value?
What is iodine value?
What is ester value?
What is acetyl value?
What is reichert meissl value?
FATS AND OILS- Fats and oils are triglycerides(triesters).They are made from glycerol and fatty acids.Fats are solids at room temperature whereas oils are liquids.Fatty acids present in fats and oils can be saturated or unsaturated.Fats and oils store energy and help to insulate the body, cushion and protect organs.
SYNTHETIC DETERGENTS- Synthetic detergents or soapless soaps are synthetic substances that are being increasingly employed as cleansing agents these days.
Started to create milestones, we, SPEC Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd marked our presence in the year 1994 and operate in the manufacturing/servicing of Vegetable Oil Plants since 21 years. Our quality services products have been always appreciated by our clients. Our spontaneous attitude and confident approach in offering an excellent range of Vegetable Oil Plants, Vegetable Oil Plants, Oleo Chemical Industry Vegetable Oil Plants, Industrial Vegetable Oil Plants, Batch Neutralizing and Bleaching Machines, Continuous Bleaching Oil Machinery, Continuous Physical Refining Machines, Continuous Chemical Refining Machines, Hydrogenation Plants has deepened our roots in the market. We, SPEC Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd breathe with the aim of fully satisfying our clients with our high-quality products services. We are a unit of highly experienced professionals, all of them contributing at the best of their potentials to offer the highest degree of efficiency and client satisfaction.
FATS AND OILS- Fats and oils are triglycerides(triesters).They are made from glycerol and fatty acids.Fats are solids at room temperature whereas oils are liquids.Fatty acids present in fats and oils can be saturated or unsaturated.Fats and oils store energy and help to insulate the body, cushion and protect organs.
SYNTHETIC DETERGENTS- Synthetic detergents or soapless soaps are synthetic substances that are being increasingly employed as cleansing agents these days.
Started to create milestones, we, SPEC Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd marked our presence in the year 1994 and operate in the manufacturing/servicing of Vegetable Oil Plants since 21 years. Our quality services products have been always appreciated by our clients. Our spontaneous attitude and confident approach in offering an excellent range of Vegetable Oil Plants, Vegetable Oil Plants, Oleo Chemical Industry Vegetable Oil Plants, Industrial Vegetable Oil Plants, Batch Neutralizing and Bleaching Machines, Continuous Bleaching Oil Machinery, Continuous Physical Refining Machines, Continuous Chemical Refining Machines, Hydrogenation Plants has deepened our roots in the market. We, SPEC Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd breathe with the aim of fully satisfying our clients with our high-quality products services. We are a unit of highly experienced professionals, all of them contributing at the best of their potentials to offer the highest degree of efficiency and client satisfaction.
Introduction of fats, Reaction of fatty acids, Reaction of fats or oil- Hydrolysis, Hydrogenation, Halogenation, saponification, Drying of oil, Rancidity, Determination of acid value, saponification value, iodine value, acetyl value,
Lipid Chemistry-Complete - Alex -Dr Ayman- 2015 - 2016 - More Detailed.pptAyman Abdo
This presentation shows the classification and occurrence of human lipids and their biological value. It also reveals the chemical formula of human lipids
1. 1
Lipids
Types of Lipids
Fatty Acids
Fats, and Oils
Chemical Properties of Triglycerides
2. 2
Types of Lipids
• Lipids with fatty acids
Waxes
Fats and oils (trigycerides)
Phospholipids
Sphingolipids
• Lipids without fatty acids
Steroids
3. 3
Fatty Acids
• Long-chain carboxylic acids
• Insoluble in water
• Typically 12-18 carbon atoms (even number)
• Some contain double bonds
corn oil contains 86%
unsaturated fatty acids and
14% saturated fatty acids
4. 4
Saturated and Unsaturated
Fatty Acids
Saturated = C–C bonds
Unsaturated = one or more C=C bonds
COOH
COOH
palmitic acid, a saturated acid
palmitoleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid
5. 5
Structures
Saturated fatty acids
• Fit closely in regular pattern
Unsaturated fatty acids
• Cis double bonds
COOH
COOH
COOH
H H
C C
cis double bond COOH
6. 6
Properties of Saturated
Fatty Acids
• Contain only single C–C bonds
• Closely packed
• Strong attractions between chains
• High melting points
• Solids at room temperature
7. 7
Properties of Unsaturated
Fatty Acids
• Contain one or more double C=C bonds
• Nonlinear chains do not allow molecules
to pack closely
• Few interactions between chains
• Low melting points
• Liquids at room temperature
8. 8
Learning Check L1
How would the melting point of stearic
acid compare to the melting points of oleic
acid and linoleic acid? Assign the melting
points of –17°C, 13°C, and 69°C to the
correct fatty acid. Explain.
stearic acid (18 C) saturated
oleic acid (18 C) one double bond
linoleic acid (18 C) two double bonds
9. 9
Solution L1
Stearic acid is saturated and would have a
higher melting point than the unsaturated
fatty acids. Because linoleic has two
double bonds, it would have a lower mp
than oleic acid, which has one double
bond.
stearic acid mp 69°C
oleic acid mp 13°C
linoleic acid mp -17°C
10. 10
Fats and Oils
Formed from glycerol and fatty acids
+
O
HO C (CH2)14CH3
O
HO C (CH2)14CH3
O
HO C (CH2)14CH3
CH2 OH
CH
OH
CH2 OH
glycerol palmitic acid (a fatty acid)
11. 11
Triglycerides (triacylglcerols)
Esters of glycerol and fatty acids
ester bonds
CH2 O
CH
CH2
O
O
O
C (CH2)14CH3
O
C (CH2)14CH3
O
C (CH2)14CH3
+
+
+
H2O
H2O
H2O
12. 12
Learning Check L2
What are the fatty acids in the following
triglyceride?
CH2 O
CH
CH2
O
O
O
C (CH2)16CH3
O
C
(CH2)7CH CH(CH2)7CH3
O
C
(CH2)12CH3
13. Stearic acid
13
Solutions L2
What are the fatty acids in the following
triglyceride?
CH2 O
CH
CH2
O
O
O
C (CH2)16CH3
O
C
Oleic acid
(CH2)7CH CH(CH2)7CH3
O
C
(CH2)12CH3
Myristic acid
14. 14
Properties of Triglycerides
Hydrogenation
• Unsaturated compounds react with H2
• Ni or Pt catalyst
• C=C bonds C–C bonds
Hydrolysis
• Split by water and acid or enzyme catalyst
• Produce glycerol and 3 fatty acids
15. 15
Hydrogenation
CH2 O
CH
CH2
O
O
O
C
(CH2)5CH CH(CH2)7CH3
O
C
(CH2)5CH CH(CH2)7CH3
O
C
+
(CH2)5CH CH(CH2)7C H 3
3H2
Ni
16. 16
Product of Hydrogenation
CH2 O
CH
CH2
O
O
O
C (CH2)14CH3
O
C (CH2)14CH3
O
C (CH2)14CH3
Hydrogenation converts double bonds in oils
to single bonds. The solid products are used
to make margarine and other hydrogenated
items.
17. 17
Hydrolysis
Triglycerides split into glycerol and three
fat t y acids (H+ or enzyme catalyst)
CH2 O
CH
CH2
O
O
O
C (CH2)14CH3
O
C (CH2)14CH3
O
C (CH2)14CH3
+3 H2O
O
+ 3 HO C (CH2)14CH3
H+
CH2 OH
CH
OH
CH2 OH
18. 18
Saponification and Soap
• Hydrolysis with a strong base
• Triglycerides split into glycerol and the
salts of fatty acids
• The salts of fatty acids are “soaps”
• KOH gives softer soaps
19. 19
Saponification
O
+ 3Na+ -O C (CH2)14CH3
CH2 OH
CH
OH
CH2 OH
CH2 O
CH
CH2
O
O
O
C (CH2)16CH3
C (CH2)16CH3
O
C
(CH2)16CH3
O
+ 3 NaOH
salts of fatty acids (soaps)
20. 20
Learning Check L3
What are the products obtained from the
complete hydrogenation of glyceryl
trioleate?
(1) Glycerol and 3 oleic acids
(2) Glyceryltristearate
(3) Glycerol and 3 stearic acids
21. 21
Solution L3
What are the products obtained from the
complete hydrogenation of glyceryl
trioleate?
2. Glyceryltristearate