The document provides information on integrated pest management for controlling internal parasites in sheep populations. It discusses using a combination of chemical and non-chemical methods, including alternative forages, browsing, clean pastures, coccidiostats, delayed grazing, FAMACHA, genetics, host resistance, low stocking rates, management practices, multispecies grazing, natural anthelmintics, nutrition, pasture rotation, proper dewormer use, protein supplementation, refugia, sanitation, and zero grazing. The key internal parasites of sheep are also described.
This document summarizes research on symbiont-mediated protection in insect hosts. It discusses how endosymbionts can protect insects from microbial diseases, parasites, predators, antiherbivorous plant compounds, and insecticides through direct and host-mediated mechanisms. Examples are provided of endosymbionts protecting aphids, whiteflies, mosquitoes, flies, honeybees, termites, weevils and other insects. Some endosymbionts produce toxins or degrade compounds like fungicides, plant alkaloids and insecticides. Future applications include using symbionts to develop new biopesticides or combine antibiotics with pesticides to overcome resistance.
This document discusses using pheromone traps to monitor insect populations. It describes different types of traps, including passive traps that do not use lures and active traps that use lures like pheromones. Pheromone traps are attractive traps for flying insects that use synthetic versions of species-specific pheromones. Some advantages of pheromone traps are that they are affordable, can detect low populations, are easy to install and manage, and are nontoxic. Common types of pheromone traps discussed are wing traps, delta traps, and mass trapping kits. Factors to consider when choosing a trap include the monitoring goal, targeted insect species, size of the insect, and ability to
This document discusses biological control as a component of integrated pest management. It defines biological control as using natural enemies like parasites, predators, or pathogens to maintain pest populations at lower levels. There are three approaches to biological control - conservation of natural enemies, classical biological control using introduced natural enemies, and augmentation of natural enemies through mass rearing and release. The document provides examples of commonly used biological control agents like predators, parasitoids, entomopathogenic fungi, viruses, bacteria, and nematodes. It describes their characteristics, modes of action, field application methods and dosages for different target pests. Biological control is highlighted as a highly economical, self-perpetuating and environmentally friendly pest management strategy.
Ecofriendly pest management approaches for sugarcane borer complexabinaya314107
This document provides information on eco-friendly pest management approaches for the sugarcane borer complex. It discusses the major components of eco-friendly pest management including host plant resistance, cultural practices, mechanical practices, behavioral approaches, and biological practices. Cultural practices like using long duration varieties, tolerant varieties, intercropping, irrigation management, and nutrient management can help reduce borer infestation. Mechanical practices include collecting and destroying egg masses and infected plants. Biological control uses natural enemies like parasitoids such as Trichogramma and Cotesia flavipes, predators, and entomopathogens including Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana fungus.
Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Copper Wire ParticlesElisaMendelsohn
COWP (copper oxide wire particles) have been found to help reduce internal parasite loads in small ruminants. When administered orally in bolus form, COWP can lower fecal egg counts and the number of parasites found in animal intestines and abomasums. Research shows COWP boluses containing 0.5-4g doses, administered every 4-6 weeks, are effective in reducing parasite burdens, especially of the barber pole worm, in sheep and goat populations. While not a stand-alone treatment, COWP boluses can be part of an integrated internal parasite management strategy when used selectively based on individual animal need.
1) Biological control uses natural enemies like predators, parasites, and pathogens to control pests. This is an important tactic in integrated pest management.
2) The main types of natural enemies are pathogens, parasites, and predators. Pathogens are microorganisms that infect and kill hosts, parasites live in or on a host and feed on it, and predators directly eat other organisms.
3) Conserving and augmenting natural enemies through tactics like reducing pesticide use and providing habitat is an important part of biological control and integrated pest management programs.
The document provides information on integrated pest management for controlling internal parasites in sheep populations. It discusses using a combination of chemical and non-chemical methods, including alternative forages, browsing, clean pastures, coccidiostats, delayed grazing, FAMACHA, genetics, host resistance, low stocking rates, management practices, multispecies grazing, natural anthelmintics, nutrition, pasture rotation, proper dewormer use, protein supplementation, refugia, sanitation, and zero grazing. The key internal parasites of sheep are also described.
This document summarizes research on symbiont-mediated protection in insect hosts. It discusses how endosymbionts can protect insects from microbial diseases, parasites, predators, antiherbivorous plant compounds, and insecticides through direct and host-mediated mechanisms. Examples are provided of endosymbionts protecting aphids, whiteflies, mosquitoes, flies, honeybees, termites, weevils and other insects. Some endosymbionts produce toxins or degrade compounds like fungicides, plant alkaloids and insecticides. Future applications include using symbionts to develop new biopesticides or combine antibiotics with pesticides to overcome resistance.
This document discusses using pheromone traps to monitor insect populations. It describes different types of traps, including passive traps that do not use lures and active traps that use lures like pheromones. Pheromone traps are attractive traps for flying insects that use synthetic versions of species-specific pheromones. Some advantages of pheromone traps are that they are affordable, can detect low populations, are easy to install and manage, and are nontoxic. Common types of pheromone traps discussed are wing traps, delta traps, and mass trapping kits. Factors to consider when choosing a trap include the monitoring goal, targeted insect species, size of the insect, and ability to
This document discusses biological control as a component of integrated pest management. It defines biological control as using natural enemies like parasites, predators, or pathogens to maintain pest populations at lower levels. There are three approaches to biological control - conservation of natural enemies, classical biological control using introduced natural enemies, and augmentation of natural enemies through mass rearing and release. The document provides examples of commonly used biological control agents like predators, parasitoids, entomopathogenic fungi, viruses, bacteria, and nematodes. It describes their characteristics, modes of action, field application methods and dosages for different target pests. Biological control is highlighted as a highly economical, self-perpetuating and environmentally friendly pest management strategy.
Ecofriendly pest management approaches for sugarcane borer complexabinaya314107
This document provides information on eco-friendly pest management approaches for the sugarcane borer complex. It discusses the major components of eco-friendly pest management including host plant resistance, cultural practices, mechanical practices, behavioral approaches, and biological practices. Cultural practices like using long duration varieties, tolerant varieties, intercropping, irrigation management, and nutrient management can help reduce borer infestation. Mechanical practices include collecting and destroying egg masses and infected plants. Biological control uses natural enemies like parasitoids such as Trichogramma and Cotesia flavipes, predators, and entomopathogens including Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana fungus.
Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Copper Wire ParticlesElisaMendelsohn
COWP (copper oxide wire particles) have been found to help reduce internal parasite loads in small ruminants. When administered orally in bolus form, COWP can lower fecal egg counts and the number of parasites found in animal intestines and abomasums. Research shows COWP boluses containing 0.5-4g doses, administered every 4-6 weeks, are effective in reducing parasite burdens, especially of the barber pole worm, in sheep and goat populations. While not a stand-alone treatment, COWP boluses can be part of an integrated internal parasite management strategy when used selectively based on individual animal need.
1) Biological control uses natural enemies like predators, parasites, and pathogens to control pests. This is an important tactic in integrated pest management.
2) The main types of natural enemies are pathogens, parasites, and predators. Pathogens are microorganisms that infect and kill hosts, parasites live in or on a host and feed on it, and predators directly eat other organisms.
3) Conserving and augmenting natural enemies through tactics like reducing pesticide use and providing habitat is an important part of biological control and integrated pest management programs.
This document provides an introduction to insects, including their classification and life cycles. It describes the two main types of insect life cycles: simple metamorphosis (egg to nymph to adult) and complete metamorphosis (egg to larva to pupa to adult). Many agricultural pests go through one of these two life cycles. The document then surveys the major orders of insects that contain agricultural pests or beneficial species, such as predators, parasites, and pollinators. It concludes with an overview of management strategies for insect pests, including biological control, host plant resistance, and cultural practices.
Managing Internal Parasites in Sheep and GoatsElisaMendelsohn
Managing internal parasites, especially Haemonchus contortus, is a primary concern for most sheep and goat producers. These parasites have become difficult to manage as they have developed resistance to nearly all available dewormers. This publication discusses using integrated techniques like pasture management and new drug administration methods to control parasites and prolong the effectiveness of dewormers. It provides an overview of the parasite lifecycle and factors that encourage parasite growth, as well as signs of parasitism.
Baculoviruses are viruses that can infect and kill many invertebrate organisms, including insects. They are usually small and contain double-stranded DNA. Baculoviruses can remain dormant in the environment for long periods before infecting insects. Most baculoviruses must be eaten by the host insect to cause infection. Genetic engineering has enhanced baculoviruses for use as biological insecticides by introducing genes that increase the speed of killing insects. Introduced genes include genes for Bt toxin, scorpion neurotoxin, and other toxins. Baculoviruses are good candidates for species-specific pest control due to their ability to persist in the environment and multiply rapidly within
This document provides information on integrated pest management for vegetable crops. It describes the major types of insect pests that damage vegetables, including borers that damage fruits, leaves, flowers, shoots, and roots. It also discusses sucking pests like aphids and whiteflies. The document then focuses on management strategies for key pests in important vegetable crops like tomato, brinjal, cucurbits and beans. It emphasizes the use of cultural, biological and mechanical controls, along with selective use of pesticides. For key pests like tomato fruit borer and brinjal shoot borer, it provides specific IPM packages involving cultural practices, pheromone trap use, biopesticide sprays and other
To deal with pests, such as mealybugs or spider mites, most farmers use chemical pesticides which can impact health, pollute water supplies through runoff, and, if pesticides are misused or overused, can actually kill plants. You can avoid toxic chemicals by using natural pest control methods instead. Taking a preventative approach will also save you time and MONEY. The following presentation presents ways in which we can fight pests without using pesticides.
This document provides an overview of integrated pest management (IPM), including its history and key concepts. IPM is defined as a system that uses all suitable techniques to maintain pest populations below economically damaging levels while minimizing environmental impacts. The history of IPM is discussed from ancient practices using natural materials to modern applications of genetic engineering and transgenic crops. Some advantages of IPM are lower costs, environmental benefits, reduced pesticide residues, delaying pest resistance, and public health protections. Core IPM concepts include reducing pests below economic thresholds, preventing pest feeding and reproduction, using eco-friendly methods, maximizing natural controls, and applying controls only when needed.
biological control through parasites and parasitoids in organic farmingMaheshReddyD1
This document discusses predators and parasitoids used in organic farming of horticultural crops. It describes the qualities of successful predators like Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Chrysoperla carnea which are polyphagous, larger than prey, kill quickly, and have well-developed senses. Mass culturing and field release methods are discussed for Cryptolaemus. The document also outlines the qualities of effective parasitoids including adaptability, ability to survive in host habitats, specificity to host species, faster reproduction than host, high fecundity, shorter lifecycle than host, and ability for mass multiplication. Different types of parasitoids are described based on host stage attacked - egg, egg/lar
Genetic engineering in baculovirus, entomopathogenic fungi and bacteriaSuman Sanjta
This document discusses genetic engineering techniques that have been used to improve insect pathogens for pest control. It focuses on three types of pathogens: baculoviruses, bacteria such as Bacillus thuringiensis, and entomopathogenic fungi. For baculoviruses, genes have been deleted or inserted to increase the speed of kill of infected insects. For bacteria and fungi, genes have been added to increase toxin production, broaden insect host range, or improve environmental persistence. A variety of toxin genes from other organisms have been successfully introduced into these pathogens to enhance their insecticidal activity against important pest insects.
Biological control utilizes natural enemies like parasitoids, predators and pathogens to regulate pest populations. There are three main techniques - conservation of natural enemies, importation of non-native enemies, and augmentation of existing populations through supplemental releases. Common biological control agents include predators like ladybugs, parasitoids such as wasps and flies, and pathogenic microorganisms including bacteria like B. thuringiensis, fungi such as Beauveria bassiana, nematodes, and viruses. Mass production of these natural enemies involves rearing them on host pests in the laboratory and field. Biological control provides a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides by controlling pests without toxic residues or impacts on non-target species.
Insect predators attack, kill, and consume many other insects as prey over their lifetime. Insect parasites have larval stages that parasitize other insects, killing the host when mature. The document then provides examples of specific predators and parasites used to control common agricultural pests like aphids, mites, leafminers, and whiteflies on various crops. These natural enemies, when properly applied, can prevent outbreaks of major insect pests and reduce the need for pesticides.
Light traps are commonly used tools in integrated pest management to monitor pest populations and determine seasonal patterns. They attract a wide variety of night-flying insects through the use of ultraviolet or fluorescent lights. While light traps provide useful information, pheromone traps have replaced them as they target specific pest species. Light traps are also used to manage some pest populations through mass trapping. Different light colors and wavelengths attract varying numbers of insect orders. Black lights and blue lights tend to attract the highest percentages of insects.
1) Entomopathogenic fungi were collected from the root balls of various plant species found in extensively managed Swiss meadows. 76% of collected plants contained entomopathogenic fungi.
2) Five isolated entomopathogenic fungi strains were shown to effectively combat common soil pests like grubs and crane fly larvae.
3) Testing also showed that the most effective isolated fungi strains were capable of combating cabbage fly infestations in radish plants, keeping plants healthy while untreated plants were entirely devoured.
Entomopathogenic protozoa and spiroplasmaRajat Sharma
The document discusses various types of pathogens that can infect insects, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, microsporidia, protozoa, and nematodes. It provides details on the major groups within each pathogen type, how they infect insects, their modes of transmission between hosts, and examples of important insect-pathogenic species. The use of insect pathogens for biological control is also summarized, including inundative applications, inoculative releases, and management of naturally occurring pathogens.
The document describes different types of traps used for pest surveillance, including light traps, bait traps, pheromone traps, and sticky traps. Light traps use a light source to attract moths, hoppers, and beetles but can also trap non-target species. Bait traps rely on attractants like food but the bait needs frequent changing. Pheromone traps use synthetic sex pheromones to attract specific pest species without needing power. Sticky traps are used to monitor pests like whiteflies, thrips, and aphids but can also trap beneficial insects.
This document provides information about lady beetles and other common natural enemies of crop and garden pests in the Pacific Northwest. It describes how to identify lady beetles at different life stages and lists other similar beetles. It also briefly summarizes identification and predatory behaviors of green and brown lacewings and hoverflies. The document emphasizes the importance of monitoring pest and natural enemy populations and using integrated pest management tactics to enhance biological control.
This document discusses insect pest monitoring and surveillance. It provides 14 reasons for the economic importance of insects, including for medicine, scientific research, pollination, biological control, and as a food source. It then discusses pest monitoring, the importance of monitoring pest populations to inform integrated pest management, and different monitoring approaches like direct counts and traps. The document also covers pest surveillance, its objectives to track pest levels and distributions over time, and components like pest identification, weather assessment, and natural enemy monitoring. The goals of surveillance are outlined as detecting pest presence, monitoring population levels, studying weather impacts, and informing timely control measures.
This document discusses entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) which are beneficial nematodes that can parasitize and kill insects. EPNs have a wide host range and can be used as biological control agents against many crop insect pests. They have advantages over chemical insecticides in that they are non-toxic and can be incorporated into integrated pest management programs. The document describes the life cycle and symbiotic relationship of EPNs with bacteria, as well as their mass production using wax moth larvae. It provides examples of using EPNs to control pseudostem weevil and rhizome weevil in banana crops.
This document discusses microbial pest control using microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi and nematodes. It provides examples of different microbial pesticides - Bacillus thuringiensis is used as a bacterial pesticide against lepidopteran pests. Viral pesticides include baculoviruses that infect Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera. Fungal pesticides such as Beauveria and Metarrhizium grow on insect bodies and produce toxins. Entomopathogenic nematodes parasitize and kill insect hosts. The document also outlines the characteristics, mechanisms of action and advantages of various microbial pesticides.
This document discusses mass producing the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and its bacterial symbiont Photorhabdus luminescens for use as a biopesticide. The nematodes are grown on solid agar media which is optimized to support their life cycle. Nematodes are inoculated onto the media along with P. luminescens and harvest after 7 days at the peak of the nematode life cycle. Upscaling the surface area of the solid media allows for higher nematode yields. The process aims to improve production methods to make entomopathogenic nematodes a more viable biocontrol agent.
This document provides instructions for properly pinning insects for display and classification. It explains that insects should be pinned through the thorax or widest part of the body in a natural springing position. Smaller insects can be pinned using triangles cut from index cards with glue. Wings of moths and butterflies may require special mounting. The key characteristics of insects are six legs and a body divided into three sections: head, thorax, and abdomen. Students are given 25 minutes to pin collected insects or write a 500-word essay explaining their plan to prepare for future pinning assignments. Directions are provided for classifying insects using taxonomic keys, determining the order, locating common and scientific names in reference books.
The document discusses the negative environmental impacts of commercial agriculture, including chemical buildup from pesticides and fertilizers, loss of biodiversity, and unsustainable practices that have led to problems like farmer suicides. It then introduces organic farming as an alternative that can address these issues by reducing chemical inputs, increasing self-sufficiency, and protecting the environment, food quality, and farmer livelihoods. The document also discusses types of pest management techniques used in organic farming, including cultural, physical, biological and use of pest-resistant plant varieties.
This document provides an introduction to insects, including their classification and life cycles. It describes the two main types of insect life cycles: simple metamorphosis (egg to nymph to adult) and complete metamorphosis (egg to larva to pupa to adult). Many agricultural pests go through one of these two life cycles. The document then surveys the major orders of insects that contain agricultural pests or beneficial species, such as predators, parasites, and pollinators. It concludes with an overview of management strategies for insect pests, including biological control, host plant resistance, and cultural practices.
Managing Internal Parasites in Sheep and GoatsElisaMendelsohn
Managing internal parasites, especially Haemonchus contortus, is a primary concern for most sheep and goat producers. These parasites have become difficult to manage as they have developed resistance to nearly all available dewormers. This publication discusses using integrated techniques like pasture management and new drug administration methods to control parasites and prolong the effectiveness of dewormers. It provides an overview of the parasite lifecycle and factors that encourage parasite growth, as well as signs of parasitism.
Baculoviruses are viruses that can infect and kill many invertebrate organisms, including insects. They are usually small and contain double-stranded DNA. Baculoviruses can remain dormant in the environment for long periods before infecting insects. Most baculoviruses must be eaten by the host insect to cause infection. Genetic engineering has enhanced baculoviruses for use as biological insecticides by introducing genes that increase the speed of killing insects. Introduced genes include genes for Bt toxin, scorpion neurotoxin, and other toxins. Baculoviruses are good candidates for species-specific pest control due to their ability to persist in the environment and multiply rapidly within
This document provides information on integrated pest management for vegetable crops. It describes the major types of insect pests that damage vegetables, including borers that damage fruits, leaves, flowers, shoots, and roots. It also discusses sucking pests like aphids and whiteflies. The document then focuses on management strategies for key pests in important vegetable crops like tomato, brinjal, cucurbits and beans. It emphasizes the use of cultural, biological and mechanical controls, along with selective use of pesticides. For key pests like tomato fruit borer and brinjal shoot borer, it provides specific IPM packages involving cultural practices, pheromone trap use, biopesticide sprays and other
To deal with pests, such as mealybugs or spider mites, most farmers use chemical pesticides which can impact health, pollute water supplies through runoff, and, if pesticides are misused or overused, can actually kill plants. You can avoid toxic chemicals by using natural pest control methods instead. Taking a preventative approach will also save you time and MONEY. The following presentation presents ways in which we can fight pests without using pesticides.
This document provides an overview of integrated pest management (IPM), including its history and key concepts. IPM is defined as a system that uses all suitable techniques to maintain pest populations below economically damaging levels while minimizing environmental impacts. The history of IPM is discussed from ancient practices using natural materials to modern applications of genetic engineering and transgenic crops. Some advantages of IPM are lower costs, environmental benefits, reduced pesticide residues, delaying pest resistance, and public health protections. Core IPM concepts include reducing pests below economic thresholds, preventing pest feeding and reproduction, using eco-friendly methods, maximizing natural controls, and applying controls only when needed.
biological control through parasites and parasitoids in organic farmingMaheshReddyD1
This document discusses predators and parasitoids used in organic farming of horticultural crops. It describes the qualities of successful predators like Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Chrysoperla carnea which are polyphagous, larger than prey, kill quickly, and have well-developed senses. Mass culturing and field release methods are discussed for Cryptolaemus. The document also outlines the qualities of effective parasitoids including adaptability, ability to survive in host habitats, specificity to host species, faster reproduction than host, high fecundity, shorter lifecycle than host, and ability for mass multiplication. Different types of parasitoids are described based on host stage attacked - egg, egg/lar
Genetic engineering in baculovirus, entomopathogenic fungi and bacteriaSuman Sanjta
This document discusses genetic engineering techniques that have been used to improve insect pathogens for pest control. It focuses on three types of pathogens: baculoviruses, bacteria such as Bacillus thuringiensis, and entomopathogenic fungi. For baculoviruses, genes have been deleted or inserted to increase the speed of kill of infected insects. For bacteria and fungi, genes have been added to increase toxin production, broaden insect host range, or improve environmental persistence. A variety of toxin genes from other organisms have been successfully introduced into these pathogens to enhance their insecticidal activity against important pest insects.
Biological control utilizes natural enemies like parasitoids, predators and pathogens to regulate pest populations. There are three main techniques - conservation of natural enemies, importation of non-native enemies, and augmentation of existing populations through supplemental releases. Common biological control agents include predators like ladybugs, parasitoids such as wasps and flies, and pathogenic microorganisms including bacteria like B. thuringiensis, fungi such as Beauveria bassiana, nematodes, and viruses. Mass production of these natural enemies involves rearing them on host pests in the laboratory and field. Biological control provides a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides by controlling pests without toxic residues or impacts on non-target species.
Insect predators attack, kill, and consume many other insects as prey over their lifetime. Insect parasites have larval stages that parasitize other insects, killing the host when mature. The document then provides examples of specific predators and parasites used to control common agricultural pests like aphids, mites, leafminers, and whiteflies on various crops. These natural enemies, when properly applied, can prevent outbreaks of major insect pests and reduce the need for pesticides.
Light traps are commonly used tools in integrated pest management to monitor pest populations and determine seasonal patterns. They attract a wide variety of night-flying insects through the use of ultraviolet or fluorescent lights. While light traps provide useful information, pheromone traps have replaced them as they target specific pest species. Light traps are also used to manage some pest populations through mass trapping. Different light colors and wavelengths attract varying numbers of insect orders. Black lights and blue lights tend to attract the highest percentages of insects.
1) Entomopathogenic fungi were collected from the root balls of various plant species found in extensively managed Swiss meadows. 76% of collected plants contained entomopathogenic fungi.
2) Five isolated entomopathogenic fungi strains were shown to effectively combat common soil pests like grubs and crane fly larvae.
3) Testing also showed that the most effective isolated fungi strains were capable of combating cabbage fly infestations in radish plants, keeping plants healthy while untreated plants were entirely devoured.
Entomopathogenic protozoa and spiroplasmaRajat Sharma
The document discusses various types of pathogens that can infect insects, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, microsporidia, protozoa, and nematodes. It provides details on the major groups within each pathogen type, how they infect insects, their modes of transmission between hosts, and examples of important insect-pathogenic species. The use of insect pathogens for biological control is also summarized, including inundative applications, inoculative releases, and management of naturally occurring pathogens.
The document describes different types of traps used for pest surveillance, including light traps, bait traps, pheromone traps, and sticky traps. Light traps use a light source to attract moths, hoppers, and beetles but can also trap non-target species. Bait traps rely on attractants like food but the bait needs frequent changing. Pheromone traps use synthetic sex pheromones to attract specific pest species without needing power. Sticky traps are used to monitor pests like whiteflies, thrips, and aphids but can also trap beneficial insects.
This document provides information about lady beetles and other common natural enemies of crop and garden pests in the Pacific Northwest. It describes how to identify lady beetles at different life stages and lists other similar beetles. It also briefly summarizes identification and predatory behaviors of green and brown lacewings and hoverflies. The document emphasizes the importance of monitoring pest and natural enemy populations and using integrated pest management tactics to enhance biological control.
This document discusses insect pest monitoring and surveillance. It provides 14 reasons for the economic importance of insects, including for medicine, scientific research, pollination, biological control, and as a food source. It then discusses pest monitoring, the importance of monitoring pest populations to inform integrated pest management, and different monitoring approaches like direct counts and traps. The document also covers pest surveillance, its objectives to track pest levels and distributions over time, and components like pest identification, weather assessment, and natural enemy monitoring. The goals of surveillance are outlined as detecting pest presence, monitoring population levels, studying weather impacts, and informing timely control measures.
This document discusses entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) which are beneficial nematodes that can parasitize and kill insects. EPNs have a wide host range and can be used as biological control agents against many crop insect pests. They have advantages over chemical insecticides in that they are non-toxic and can be incorporated into integrated pest management programs. The document describes the life cycle and symbiotic relationship of EPNs with bacteria, as well as their mass production using wax moth larvae. It provides examples of using EPNs to control pseudostem weevil and rhizome weevil in banana crops.
This document discusses microbial pest control using microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi and nematodes. It provides examples of different microbial pesticides - Bacillus thuringiensis is used as a bacterial pesticide against lepidopteran pests. Viral pesticides include baculoviruses that infect Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera. Fungal pesticides such as Beauveria and Metarrhizium grow on insect bodies and produce toxins. Entomopathogenic nematodes parasitize and kill insect hosts. The document also outlines the characteristics, mechanisms of action and advantages of various microbial pesticides.
This document discusses mass producing the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and its bacterial symbiont Photorhabdus luminescens for use as a biopesticide. The nematodes are grown on solid agar media which is optimized to support their life cycle. Nematodes are inoculated onto the media along with P. luminescens and harvest after 7 days at the peak of the nematode life cycle. Upscaling the surface area of the solid media allows for higher nematode yields. The process aims to improve production methods to make entomopathogenic nematodes a more viable biocontrol agent.
This document provides instructions for properly pinning insects for display and classification. It explains that insects should be pinned through the thorax or widest part of the body in a natural springing position. Smaller insects can be pinned using triangles cut from index cards with glue. Wings of moths and butterflies may require special mounting. The key characteristics of insects are six legs and a body divided into three sections: head, thorax, and abdomen. Students are given 25 minutes to pin collected insects or write a 500-word essay explaining their plan to prepare for future pinning assignments. Directions are provided for classifying insects using taxonomic keys, determining the order, locating common and scientific names in reference books.
The document discusses the negative environmental impacts of commercial agriculture, including chemical buildup from pesticides and fertilizers, loss of biodiversity, and unsustainable practices that have led to problems like farmer suicides. It then introduces organic farming as an alternative that can address these issues by reducing chemical inputs, increasing self-sufficiency, and protecting the environment, food quality, and farmer livelihoods. The document also discusses types of pest management techniques used in organic farming, including cultural, physical, biological and use of pest-resistant plant varieties.
This document discusses insect allergy, specifically focusing on allergies to bee, wasp, and ant venoms. It covers the epidemiology of insect sting allergies, presenting clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. For treatment, the document outlines venom immunotherapy (VIT) protocols and effectiveness. VIT using the culprit insect's venom is an effective prevention method, reducing systemic reactions in 95-100% of cases. VIT is recommended to continue for 3-5 years or longer to maintain protection from future stings.
Insect heads are designed with specialized features to suit their needs, including antennae, eyes, and mouths. Antennae allow insects to sense their environment through touch, smell, and taste, and come in different forms for different insects. Most insects have compound eyes that allow wide-angle vision and some have additional simple eyes. Mouthparts also vary between insects with chewing, sucking, piercing, or lapping mouths adapted for different diets. Overall, insect anatomy demonstrates intelligent design tailored for each species' way of life.
ERIAFF Conference 2014
Seinäjoki, Finland
Peter Jens, Global Alliance Director
Koppert Biological Systems, The Netherlands
"Safety, convenience and reliability: state-of-the-art crop protection"
This document provides instructions for collecting and pinning insects. It describes the necessary equipment, including insect pins of various sizes, a pinning block, and display boxes. It explains how to properly position insects on pins, such as tucking legs under the body and placing antennae horizontally. Specific instructions are given for common orders of insects, such as pinning beetles through the right elytra and grasshoppers through the right pronotum. The document emphasizes maintaining proper height and posture of pinned insects.
Prof Dave Goulson presented on the decline of bumble bee populations due to the widespread use of neonicotinoids (NNCDs). NNCDs are systemic pesticides that permeate the entire plant and are extremely lethal to bees, even at very low doses. Studies show NNCDs can damage bee cognitive abilities and have led to an 85% reduction in queen production. While pesticides are often blamed for bee declines, habitat loss from agricultural intensification is likely the largest driver. The political influence of large agrochemical companies has pushed for intensive pesticide usage despite evidence of their environmental impacts. Recently the EU implemented a moratorium on NNCDs in hopes of reviewing farming practices and moving to a more
Two types of pesticides are interfering with bees' ability to learn and remember by lowering brain activity, especially when used together, and have long-term effects on their survival instincts by targeting the nervous system. Experiments revealed that pesticide exposure was lowering brain activity in bees. In response, some retailers are taking steps to protect bees by asking suppliers to avoid using pesticides linked to bee declines.
- Genetic manipulation techniques can be used to reduce pest populations by decreasing their fitness or ability to reproduce. The sterile insect technique involves mass rearing pest insects, sterilizing them with radiation or chemicals, and releasing large numbers to mate with wild insects, reducing successful reproduction.
- Edward Knipling first described the sterile insect technique in the 1950s to eradicate screwworm flies in Texas, eliminating the pest within seven weeks. The technique has since been used to eradicate several other insect pests around the world.
- Limitations of the sterile insect technique include the need for isolated target areas, potential resistance evolution in wild populations, high costs, and ensuring sterile insects are as sexually competitive as wild
This document provides information about maize production technology. It discusses the origin and history of maize, its introduction and uses. It describes optimal soil and climate conditions for growth, and details seedbed preparation, sowing methods, fertilizer application, irrigation needs, and pest and disease management. Harvesting and storage methods are also outlined. The document aims to provide a comprehensive overview of maize cultivation practices.
Insect pollinators, their management and role in crop productionRAU, Pusa
This document discusses insect pollinators and their role in crop production. It notes that pollinators like bees, birds, and bats affect 35% of world crop production by increasing the output of 87 leading food crops. Food security and prices rely strongly on animal pollinators. In India, over 55 million hectares of cropped area depends on bee pollination, including many fruits, vegetables, oilseeds, legumes, and pulses. The document emphasizes that pollination management can significantly increase crop yields, with some crops seeing over 1000% increases from bee pollination compared to self-pollination. It outlines the pollination needs of various Indian crops. Maintaining pollinator populations is important for sustainable
Methods for Attracting and Preserving Beneficial InsectsFaiga64c
This document discusses methods for attracting and preserving beneficial insects. It outlines the concepts of biological control, including classical and applied biological control. It recommends selecting insecticides that are selective rather than broad-spectrum to avoid harming beneficial insects. The document discusses plants that attract beneficial insects by providing food and shelter. These include members of the carrot, sunflower, and mustard families. It also provides information on identifying common beneficial insect species and the pests they prey on.
Arthropods : The New Alternative Medicine For 21st CenturyPritha Ghosh
Arthropods have a long history of traditional medicinal use around the world. Many insect species and their extracts or products have been used to treat various illnesses. For example, honeybee products like honey, pollen, propolis, and royal jelly have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties and have been used for wound healing and treating gastrointestinal issues. Other insects used medicinally include silkworms, caterpillars, cicadas, centipedes, ants, beetles, and termites. Their extracts have shown properties like analgesic, antibacterial, anti-cancer effects. Insects also serve as models in medical research due to genetic similarities with humans.
The document discusses Integrated Pest Management (IPM), which aims to manage pest populations below economically damaging levels through cultural, biological, and chemical practices. It defines IPM and outlines its objectives of reducing crop losses, pollution, and pesticide use while maintaining ecological balance. The document also discusses the various control methods used in IPM, including cultural, physical, biological and chemical controls, and provides examples of IPM programs and their benefits over non-IPM practices in reducing costs and protecting the environment.
This document discusses the nutritional needs and requirements for rearing parasitoid insects artificially. It covers various topics such as evaluating nutritional needs through food analysis and carcass analysis. It describes the main nutritional requirements including nitrogen sources, lipids, carbohydrates, and other needs like vitamins and minerals. It also discusses other physiological requirements like digestion, respiration, hormones and teratocytes. Additional topics covered include physico-chemical factors, food presentation, sterilization, and conclusions regarding successes in rearing over 130 entomophagous species artificially.
Bioactivity of nanoparticles and allelochemicals on stored grain pest perticu...IGKV, Raipur
This document discusses the bioactivity of nanoparticles and allelochemicals on stored grain pests, particularly Sitophilus oryzae. It outlines several major stored grain pests and the damage they cause. It then discusses various nanoparticles (silver, silica, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, titanium dioxide) and their effectiveness against stored grain pests based on prior studies. It also discusses the bioactivity of several plant-derived allelochemicals (azadirachtin, nicotine, pyrethrins) that have potential as natural pesticides for stored grain management.
1) Microorganisms play an important role in insect physiology through both casual and constant associations. Casual associations involve microbes ingested during feeding while constant associations occur when insects rely on microbes to supplement nutrients deficient in their restricted diets.
2) Microorganisms assist with digestion and nutrition by breaking down plant fibers like cellulose and providing essential nutrients and vitamins. They also provide protection from pathogens through colonization resistance. Some microbes can influence insect reproduction through mechanisms like cytoplasmic incompatibility.
3) Common microorganisms found in insect associations include bacteria, protozoa, yeasts, and actinomycetes. Bacteria can aid digestion of plant materials and fix nitrogen. Protozoa
Southern SAWG - Farming for Beneficial Insects (Pollinators, Predators, and P...Nancy Adamson
Farming for Beneficial Insects (Pollinators, Predators, and Parasitoids), presented at the 2014 Southern Sustainable Agriculture Working Group conference in Mobile, AL, January 17 & 18, 2014. Pollinators (especially native bees) and other beneficial insects (that help control crop pests) are crucial to ensure healthy crop harvests. This session will help you understand habitat needs of pollinators, predators and parasitoids common in our region and ways you can support their conservation with habitat and farm management. Also learn where to access resources for bee and other insect identification, plant selection, and successful habitat establishment. A habitat assessment guide to evaluate your farm habitat and other resources are available from the Xerces Society at http://www.xerces.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/PollinatorHabitatAssessment.pdf . Nancy Adamson, Xerces Society and NRCS East National Technology Support Center (NC).
“We have designed our pest problems into our current system of agriculture, so we can also design them out...if we understand ecology better. Thirty plus years of INTEGRATING farmscaping with other farm activities, strategies and resources will be featured, not just a rote list of plants and bugs. Many of the best farmscaping plants are flowers, medicinal herbs, and spices that can supplement and add value to your main crops and can be sold alongside them, like pickling spices (dill, garlic, grape leaves, etc.) for cucumbers. Bring your plant samples, questions, bug samples, or other farmscaping questions...no holds barred! Learn how to work backwards from your pest problems to the beneficials that attack your pests, to the plants and resources that YOUR beneficials need for control, and how these fit more neatly into your production program(s). Work smarter, not harder! Join longtime producer Patryk Battle and entomologist Richard “DrMcBug” McDonald in a lively, FUN, information filled session that will give you new insight into approaches for the NEW and OLD pests we face now. Yes, Carolina, farmscaping can be FUN!”
Farmscaping Principles 2013 - learn how to properly nest your vegetables among a forest of predators and parasitic insects that will protect your food without using chemicals.
This document discusses the role of beneficial insects in agriculture. It notes that while some insects are considered pests, the vast majority are not and in fact provide important ecosystem services like biological control of pests and pollination of plants. Some key beneficial insects mentioned are ladybird beetles, lacewing bugs, syrphid flies, praying mantids, minute pirate bugs, aphid midges, bigeyed bugs, honey bees, bumble bees, mason bees, leafcutter bees, and butterflies. These beneficial insects help control agricultural pests through predation, parasitism, or pollination, which enhances crop production and yields. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of balancing pest insects
Dr. Curtis Young - Beneficial Insects and Cover CropsJohn Blue
Beneficial Insects and Cover Crops - Dr. Curtis Young, OSU Extension, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
This document is a master's seminar paper submitted by Arun Kumar to Dr. M. K. Mishra on biological control of insect pests of oilseed crops. It provides an introduction to important oilseed crops in India and lists their major insect pests. It then discusses the history of biological control and problems with chemical control. It describes the different types of beneficial bio-agents used for biological control, including predators, parasitoids, and entomopathogenic microorganisms. It provides examples of commonly used species for each type of bio-agent and how they are applied. The document concludes that biological control provides effective, cost-efficient pest control while avoiding toxicity issues of chemical pesticides.
Human farmers have become dependent on honey bees as natural pollinators have been wiped out by pesticides. With declining bee populations, farmers are turning to "human pollinators" who manually transfer pollen between crops. However, this is an inefficient solution compared to the millions of plants bees can pollinate daily. The overuse of pesticides is a major threat to bee populations, as certain pesticides can kill bees through fumigation, ingestion, or direct contact in very small amounts. Without pollination, both food crops and the entire ecosystem are at risk of collapse.
Companion Planting: The Real Story - Montgomery County Master Gardeners, Univ...Fairlee3z
The document summarizes the concept of companion planting, which involves growing plants near each other to provide benefits. It discusses the limited scientific evidence but notes some potential benefits like nitrogen fixation, pest trapping, and attracting beneficial insects. It recommends experimenting with methods that have evidence like the Three Sisters garden of corn, beans, and squash. The summary cautions that many companion planting claims lack scientific proof but encourages trying some techniques and having fun in gardens.
Predators are one of the most important aspects of biologial control of crop pests. The predators may be insects or mites or nematodes or any other living organisms. Like the parasitoids, predators also follow a typical prey selection strategy. It includes Prey Habitat Selection, Prey Finding, Prey Acceptance and Prey Suitability. Prey Habitat Selection can be obtained by different plant odors or prey odors (like- honeydew, prey frass etc) or herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPV). The HIPV is the most of important and reliable one to select the prey species by the predators. Actually when a plant is attacked by the pest species, the defense system is activated and it includes production of de novo or phytoalexins or secondary plant metabolites of various odors which actually attract the predators. Like- the bean plants attacked by Tetranychid mites, are attracted by the predatory Phytoseiid mites. Besides plants attacked under pests, release Methyl Salicylate like molecules which also attracts predators like Chrysopa spp. After habitat finding, the predators forage for suitable prey and if initial inspection of the habitat leads to evidence of prey in the local area, the predator is likely to engage in Intensified Local Search (ILS). ILS includes frequent turning, sinous search paths and slower walking. Theere are a number of factors which influence the efficiency of ILS. These include- Host Plant Architecture, Surface Texture of Plants, Hunger Status of Predators, Visual Cues, Patch Quality and Prey Products. Like- Larvae of some ladybirds foage less frequently for aphids on highly branched varieties than on normal branched varieties of crops. Similarly waxy surfaces can reduce their foragig efficiency and some of the predators are entrapped and died within the trichomes. Native adults of Harmonia axyridis are more attracted to yellow colour as compared to green colour. They are also attracted to the surface treated with prey products like honeydew to search for the preys while there are lots of exceptions regarding this. After a prey has been contacted, the age and experience of the predator, size of the prey and prey's defensive actions can influence the success of attack. The acceptance of prey depends on certain features like- food habit of the prey, chemical composition of prey cuticle, warning colourations and gregarious nature of prey species. After the acceptance, the suitability of prey is important to determine. This depends on- whether it supports both developement and reproduction or only developement or unpalatable. Suitability of prey for immature stages of predators depends on the survivorship of them, developemental time and adult body weight. Indexing prey suitability for mature adults depends mainly on the reproductive capability, high fecundity and viability. If predators feed on diseased or paralyzed hosts, it may induce low body weight, low immunity and survivorship. This understanding helps in successful IPM bio-control
This document provides an overview of biological control of insect pests that affect oilseed crops in India. It discusses the history of biological control, problems with chemical control, major oilseed crops and their pests. It then outlines different types of biocontrol agents used, including predators, parasitoids, and entomopathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses. Some examples of specific biocontrol organisms are given. The advantages of biological control are noted as being eco-friendly with no toxicity, while constraints include high costs and slow action. The conclusion states that biological control provides effective, long-term pest population reduction at lower cost than other methods.
Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Sericea LespedezaElisaMendelsohn
This document discusses tools for managing internal parasites in small ruminants, focusing on the use of sericea lespedeza. It provides an overview of current research showing that condensed tannins from sericea lespedeza can help control internal parasites. The document outlines challenges with relying solely on anthelmintics due to increasing drug resistance in parasites. It recommends integrated approaches including pasture management, selective deworming, breeding resistant animals, and alternative treatments such as sericea lespedeza which contains beneficial condensed tannins.
Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Sericea LespedezaElisaMendelsohn
Sericea lespedeza is a high-tannin forage that has been shown to reduce parasite loads in sheep and goats through both grazing and feeding studies. Research has found that animals consuming sericea lespedeza through grazing or hay have reduced fecal egg counts, lower numbers of adult worms, and decreased hatching of eggs into infective larvae. Multiple studies demonstrated up to a 90% reduction in fecal egg counts for small ruminants consuming sericea lespedeza. The forage appears to directly impact parasites and also boost animal immunity, providing an effective non-chemical approach to parasite management.
This document summarizes integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for maize pests. It outlines various cultural, genetic, mechanical, biological and chemical control practices. Cultural practices include summer plowing, intercropping, manure use, and balanced fertilizer. Recommended resistant varieties target stem borers. Mechanical practices remove dead hearts and use traps. Biopesticides like neem cake control nematodes. Parasitoids and predators naturally control pests. Flowering plants attract natural enemies. Chemical control uses selective insecticides to target stem borers and shoot flies.
Originally given as a presentation at the 2011 International Aquaponics Association conference. Learn the unique challenges of pest management in aquaponic systems, the basics of Integrated Pest Management, and learn more about the 5 "most wanted" pests in aquaponics.
This document provides information about mushroom farming. It begins with the structure of mushrooms, including the cap, gills, ring, volva, mycelium, and stem. It then discusses the main types of mushrooms like morels, shiitake, oyster mushrooms and their uses. The life cycle of mushrooms is explained in 5 steps - spore dropping, growth of hyphae, mycelium formation, hyphal knots and pinheads developing into full mushrooms. The document outlines the process of mushroom cultivation including compost preparation in 2 phases, spawning, casing and conditions for pinning and cropping. Finally, it mentions some applications of mushrooms like used as food, bio-transformation, medicinal value for
Co-evolution involves the joint evolution of interacting species that exert reciprocal selective pressures on each other. Symbiosis describes close ecological couplings between species, including mutualism where both benefit, commensalism where one benefits and the other is not harmed, and predation/parasitism where one loses and the other gains. Many species engage in complex co-evolutionary relationships, such as ants cultivating fungi, ants protecting acacia trees, flowers co-evolving with pollinators like bees and hummingbirds, and fish/birds engaging in mutualistic cleaning behaviors. Camouflage also plays an important role in species interactions, with some adopting forms and colors that mimic inedible objects or their surroundings
KY: Attracting Butterflies with Native PlantsSotirakou964
Butterflies are beautiful insects that people enjoy attracting to their gardens. To successfully attract butterflies, gardeners must understand butterfly biology and ecology. Specifically, they must plant native species that caterpillars use as food sources so the butterflies will come to lay eggs. Common caterpillar food plants include members of the carrot family for black swallowtails and milkweeds for monarchs. By providing larval host plants that match the local butterfly species, gardeners can support the butterfly life cycle and attract more of these colorful insects to enjoy.
This presentation was delivered by Dr. Majumdar to over 40 hoop house (organic) farmers at a meeting organized by the Federation of Southern Cooperatives (Epes, AL). Future workshops will have more indepth information about insects lifecycles and organic control methods suitable for hoop house agriculture.
Economic zoology deals with applying zoological knowledge to benefit humanity, such as cultivating animals for food and controlling pests. It covers topics like beneficial and harmful insects, crop pests, apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, aquaculture, venomous animals, and livestock/vector-borne diseases. Insects provide an estimated $57 billion in ecological services annually to justify greater conservation investments. Beneficial insects include pollinators that transfer crop pollen, valued at $3 billion in the US alone, and predators that control pests. Parasitic wasps, flies, and other insects also help limit pest populations. Productive insects include silkworms, honey bees, and lac
Ultraviolet light can be used to detect predator activity on hemlock woolly adelgid without dissecting egg sacs. Under UV light, undamaged adelgids glow blue-white, adelgids damaged by the predator L. nigrinus glow chartreuse as their hemolymph leaks out, damaged eggs glow yellow, and predator frass glows orange. These fluorescent colors allow observation of predator trails and activity patterns over time. Using UV light is a non-invasive method that could help determine if chemical treatments are needed or if biological control by predators is sufficient.
Once we realized the HWA was native to our own country, our hypothesis was that we would have an analogue for every Chinese or Japanese summer predator. All we have to do is collect and release beetles - and our insectaries are now coming on line locally. This program works. We need to get the word out and expand this program to save as many of the High Country's hemlocks as possible. If we can organize quickly we can still save many hemlocks and all the other plants and animals that depend upon hemlocks for survival. Like trout, wood thrush, crayfish, and other 'cool' creatures.
Everett Dietrick outlined five key features of integrated pest management (IPM) in 1969:
1. Avoid disruptive pesticides to protect beneficial insects and develop pest resistance. Use softer pesticides and selective applications.
2. Build refuges like cover crops and field borders to provide habitat for beneficial insects.
3. Monitor fields to understand relationships between pests and natural enemies and determine treatment thresholds.
4. Develop cultural practices like crop rotation and harvesting techniques that utilize pest and natural enemy behaviors.
5. Release beneficial organisms at early seasons to suppress pests below economic damage levels over time.
This document provides an overview of common beneficial arthropods for Southeast USA agriculture, including ladybugs, predatory beetles, parasitic wasps, flies, and predatory bugs. It describes 14 types of beneficial insects and provides 1-3 sentences on key identifying characteristics and behaviors of each, emphasizing their role in controlling agricultural pests and ways to encourage their populations through farmscaping and other techniques.
Beneficial Blend is a seed mixture produced by Lohse Mill that contains 18 species of plants known to harbor beneficial insects. The mixture includes cereal rye grain, barley, various clovers, alfalfa, mustard, carrots, and flowers. Many of the plants in the mixture are susceptible to pests, concentrating food sources and attracting beneficial insects away from crops. The mixture should be planted as a border or in rows between crops to provide habitat for beneficials. It can last several years with reseeding and helps control pests in an environmentally friendly way.
This document is a worksheet that outlines the lifecycles of common beneficial insects used for biological pest management on farms. It lists the names of pests and beneficial insects, along with their egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages. It also identifies plant types including umbels and mustards that provide food and shelter to support the lifecycles of these beneficial insects.
How to Implement a Real Estate CRM SoftwareSalesTown
To implement a CRM for real estate, set clear goals, choose a CRM with key real estate features, and customize it to your needs. Migrate your data, train your team, and use automation to save time. Monitor performance, ensure data security, and use the CRM to enhance marketing. Regularly check its effectiveness to improve your business.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This PowerPoint compilation offers a comprehensive overview of 20 leading innovation management frameworks and methodologies, selected for their broad applicability across various industries and organizational contexts. These frameworks are valuable resources for a wide range of users, including business professionals, educators, and consultants.
Each framework is presented with visually engaging diagrams and templates, ensuring the content is both informative and appealing. While this compilation is thorough, please note that the slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be sufficient for standalone instructional purposes.
This compilation is ideal for anyone looking to enhance their understanding of innovation management and drive meaningful change within their organization. Whether you aim to improve product development processes, enhance customer experiences, or drive digital transformation, these frameworks offer valuable insights and tools to help you achieve your goals.
INCLUDED FRAMEWORKS/MODELS:
1. Stanford’s Design Thinking
2. IDEO’s Human-Centered Design
3. Strategyzer’s Business Model Innovation
4. Lean Startup Methodology
5. Agile Innovation Framework
6. Doblin’s Ten Types of Innovation
7. McKinsey’s Three Horizons of Growth
8. Customer Journey Map
9. Christensen’s Disruptive Innovation Theory
10. Blue Ocean Strategy
11. Strategyn’s Jobs-To-Be-Done (JTBD) Framework with Job Map
12. Design Sprint Framework
13. The Double Diamond
14. Lean Six Sigma DMAIC
15. TRIZ Problem-Solving Framework
16. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
17. Stage-Gate Model
18. Toyota’s Six Steps of Kaizen
19. Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
20. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
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Digital Marketing with a Focus on Sustainabilitysssourabhsharma
Digital Marketing best practices including influencer marketing, content creators, and omnichannel marketing for Sustainable Brands at the Sustainable Cosmetics Summit 2024 in New York
HOW TO START UP A COMPANY A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE.pdf46adnanshahzad
How to Start Up a Company: A Step-by-Step Guide Starting a company is an exciting adventure that combines creativity, strategy, and hard work. It can seem overwhelming at first, but with the right guidance, anyone can transform a great idea into a successful business. Let's dive into how to start up a company, from the initial spark of an idea to securing funding and launching your startup.
Introduction
Have you ever dreamed of turning your innovative idea into a thriving business? Starting a company involves numerous steps and decisions, but don't worry—we're here to help. Whether you're exploring how to start a startup company or wondering how to start up a small business, this guide will walk you through the process, step by step.
Event Report - SAP Sapphire 2024 Orlando - lots of innovation and old challengesHolger Mueller
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Best practices for project execution and deliveryCLIVE MINCHIN
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Company Valuation webinar series - Tuesday, 4 June 2024FelixPerez547899
This session provided an update as to the latest valuation data in the UK and then delved into a discussion on the upcoming election and the impacts on valuation. We finished, as always with a Q&A
Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
• Introduce a taxonomy for user goals with real world examples
• Present the Onion Diagram, a tool for contextualizing task-level goals
• Illustrate how customer journey maps capture activity-level and task-level goals
• Demonstrate the best approach to selection and prioritization of user-goals to address
• Highlight the crucial benchmarks, observable changes, in ensuring fulfillment of customer needs
Structural Design Process: Step-by-Step Guide for BuildingsChandresh Chudasama
The structural design process is explained: Follow our step-by-step guide to understand building design intricacies and ensure structural integrity. Learn how to build wonderful buildings with the help of our detailed information. Learn how to create structures with durability and reliability and also gain insights on ways of managing structures.
IMPACT Silver is a pure silver zinc producer with over $260 million in revenue since 2008 and a large 100% owned 210km Mexico land package - 2024 catalysts includes new 14% grade zinc Plomosas mine and 20,000m of fully funded exploration drilling.
The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024.pdfthesiliconleaders
In the recent edition, The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024, The Silicon Leaders magazine gladly features Dejan Štancer, President of the Global Chamber of Business Leaders (GCBL), along with other leaders.
How MJ Global Leads the Packaging Industry.pdfMJ Global
MJ Global's success in staying ahead of the curve in the packaging industry is a testament to its dedication to innovation, sustainability, and customer-centricity. By embracing technological advancements, leading in eco-friendly solutions, collaborating with industry leaders, and adapting to evolving consumer preferences, MJ Global continues to set new standards in the packaging sector.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
1. Farmscaping and EPM
Integrated Parasite, Pathogen & Predator
Management; Or:
Plant It and They Will Come!
Richard C. McDonald, Ph.D.
Symbiont Biological Pest Management
Patryk Battle
Living Web Farms
2. Farmscaping
Definition: Dr. Robert Bugg - Deliberate use of
specific plants and landscaping techniques to
attract and conserve “Beneficials”.
All Trophic levels (soil, plants, insects) must be
healthy & balanced; especially soil!
Once these levels are set, then “Governing Forces”
can take control - Balance of Nature - tip it in our
favor slightly
View pests as messengers - what are they saying -
Rome - kill the bearer of bad news.
3. Farmscaping - 5 Main Points
I. Increase plant species diversity (correct ones).
II. Increase plant structural diversity (food, mating
sites, overwintering sites, pupation sites, etc.).
III. Increase the time these resources are available.
IV. Decrease distance beneficials have to travel to
find requisites.
V. Take advantage of insect and plant behavioral
traits.
4. Farmscaping
EPM - Integrated Parasite, Pathogen and Predator
Management (IPPPM)
1969 - Everett Dietrich’s Paper on IPPM - read
and understand his 5 principles.
Shift focus away from ‘pest’ to having a healthy
population of beneficials as the primary focus.
Prevention is primary.
BB50 - beneficial insect seed blends – read
through the instructions – key ideas.
5. Farmscaping
My EPM goal: When sampling, I want to
see 1/4 to 1/3 of the plants with beneficial
insect(adult wasps, beetles, larvae, cocoons,
insect
pupae, mummies, partially eaten egg
masses, etc.) activity or plants should be
fairly pest free - economic threshold.
Sample size power analysis to determine
how many plants to sample.
6. Farmscaping is Proactive!
These two systems are
totally different in the
amount and kinds of
beneficials that are
present, based on the
biodiversity of plants
present. Rebuilding
clock: how long it
takes to create a
healthy farmscape.
7. Farmscaping: Applied Principles
I. Increase plant and insect
species diversity
BB50 - 1) Multiple
Redundant Systems -
both plants and
beneficials - Guilds
Goal - Bracketing -
having a natural
enemy(s) present for
every life stage of the
pest(s).
8. Farmscaping Principles:
I. Increase plant and insect
species diversity
⇒
Pest Stage Egg Larva 1 Larva2 Larva3 Larva4 Larva5 Pupa Adult
Ladybugs Braconids Same Assassin Same Paper Pteromal Dragonfly
us
Imported Syrphids Ladybugs As Bugs, As Wasps Robber
puparum,
Cabbage- Lacewings Syrphids Larva Carabid Larva Bugs, Fly
Trichogramma Bugs,
Worm Lacewing 1 Stink 3 Carabid Spiders
Carabi
Bug Beetles
ds
Japanese Carabids Nematodes Tiphia Tiphia, No No None Tachinid-
Beetle Nematodes (Hb), vernalis Nemas, Such Such Istocheta
Milky Nemas Milky Stage Stage aldrichi
spore Milky Spore
Spore
9. Farmscaping Principles
II. Increase Plant Structural Diversity
Think Ahead - encourage
the right beneficial insects
to be there when needed
them to attack the pests.
Timing of
ladybugs/Trichogramma
wasps to attack the eggs of
caterpillars.
Work Backwards from the
PEST to the Beneficials to
the plants/requisites that
attract the beneficials.
10.
11. Farmscaping Principles
II. Increase Plant Structural Diversity
Fennel is great for
attracting parasitic
wasps, syrphid flies,
and ladybugs. So one
plant can bring in a
guild of beneficials.
12. FS Principles- II. Increase Plant
Structural Diversity:
Overwintering It turns out that many
beneficials make cocoons
and hibernate in or very
near the plants where they
find their hosts. Recent
research has shown that
yarrow and comfrey are
also excellent
overwintering plants for
parasitic wasps.
13. FS Principles - III. Increase time plant
resources are available
1 to 5% of crop area
should be planted in
farmscaping plants- “lots
of clumps of food plants
spread out over an area is
much better than one big
clump”. Or, incorporate
farmscaping into borders,
ditches, and fencerows.
14. FS Principles: Have something
blooming all the time
Flowers are prime
food & mating sites
for wasps. Important
to have a well fed,
mated female
beneficial! Green
House – use to Jump-
start garden areas.
15. FS Principles: Nectar!
Nectar – liquid sugar
food + vitamins for
beneficials. Nectar is
critical for optimum
performance of many
beneficials. Many
beneficials will lay
over 3-10 fold more
eggs if properly fed.
16. FS Principles: Extra-Floral
Nectaries
Nectar glands that are not
associated with flowers.
Peonies, Sweet potatoes,
bachelor buttons, kenafe,
all have extrafloral
nectaries. Parasitic insects
use these extrafloral
nectaries as important
food sources.
17. FS Principles: Pollen
Is an alternative form
of protein. Once
again, many plants in
the wild carrot family
can provide pollen.
Another good pollen
producer is the corn
plant. Syrphid flies
need pollen to lay
eggs.
18. FS Principles: IV. Decrease Distance
beneficials travel
⇒
Low Medium High
Dispersion Dispersion Dispersion
(Stay in field) (forage 1/4 (forage > 1/4
mile) mile)
Ground Beetles Most Parasitic Syrphids –
(Carabids) wasps Hover Flies
Ladybeetles Predatory Dragonflies,
(when happy) Wasps – Paper Tachinid Flies
Smaller Predatory Bugs Larger Parasitic
Parasitic Wasps Wasps
19. FS Principles: V. Take Advantage
of Insect/Plant Behavior:
Entrainment
Entomologists have
discovered that insects
(especially parasitic wasps
and flies) can perform
associative learning, so if
you get insects (especially
young ones) happy in their
environment, they will
“tune in” to a particular
pest and food plants.
20. FS Principles: Drought/Stress
These systems can also
fail! In drought years
insects from all over will
come to your area and can
overwhelm a system. Be
ready with backups
additional insects,
ladybugs/lacewings, Bt,
soaps, diatomaceous earth.
21. FS Principles: Hold Yer Fire!
“I didn’t know what is
was….. So I killed it.”
Remember you need some
pests around in order to
feed your beneficials. If
you have to spray, use
materials that are
biorationals (like Bt) and
won’t kill your
beneficials. Realize that
broad-spectrum pesticides
kill everything and you
are resetting your
beneficial clock back to
22. FS Principles: Lastly -Encourage
Diversity!
Remember that insects are part
of the web of life in your
garden or farm. The beneficial
insect complex is not only
composed of parasitic wasps
and flies, predatory beetles,
lacewing larvae, ladybugs and
so on, but ALSO the
pollinators,
antagonists/competitors that
occupy and compete for space
and food with potential pests,
and finally the saprophytes and
decomposing insects that help
complete the food cycle back to
the soil so the cycle can start
again.