Sericea lespedeza is a high-tannin forage that has been shown to reduce parasite loads in sheep and goats through both grazing and feeding studies. Research has found that animals consuming sericea lespedeza through grazing or hay have reduced fecal egg counts, lower numbers of adult worms, and decreased hatching of eggs into infective larvae. Multiple studies demonstrated up to a 90% reduction in fecal egg counts for small ruminants consuming sericea lespedeza. The forage appears to directly impact parasites and also boost animal immunity, providing an effective non-chemical approach to parasite management.
This document provides information on managing internal parasites in small ruminants. It discusses the primary internal parasites affecting sheep and goats, including roundworms, tapeworms, flukes, coccidia, and protozoa. An integrated approach to parasite control is recommended, combining management strategies like grazing management with targeted selective treatment. Key management strategies include developing host immunity, husbandry practices, nutritional management, and genetic selection. Diagnostic tools for targeted treatment include FAMACHA, five point check, and fecal egg counts. Combination dewormer treatments are advised to slow development of anthelmintic resistance.
The document discusses current recommendations for internal parasite control in small ruminants. It describes the American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control, which was formed to address issues with anthelmintic resistance and develop sustainable parasite control methods. It provides details on common internal parasites like Haemonchus contortus (barber pole worm), their life cycles, clinical signs, and treatment recommendations. Targeted selective treatment and combination treatments are recommended to slow development of anthelmintic resistance.
The barber pole worm (Haemonchus contortus) is a highly pathogenic blood-sucking parasite of small ruminants. It has a short lifecycle that is favored by warm, moist conditions. Signs of infection include anemia, bottle jaw, and ill thrift. Managing the parasite involves improving host immunity through good nutrition, genetics, and grazing management. Deworming must be targeted and combine multiple treatment approaches due to widespread dewormer resistance on farms. Testing is needed to determine which dewormers still work in a given location.
This document provides information on management tools for flock and herd improvement, with a focus on vaccination programs and weaning strategies. It discusses which vaccines are commonly used for sheep and goats and recommendations for vaccination of pregnant females, lambs/kids, and mature males. It covers reasons for weaning, typical weaning ages, and recommendations for early weaning of lambs/kids and their dams. The document also briefly discusses factors to consider when planning breeding and preparation steps to take 1-2 months prior to breeding.
The document discusses internal parasites that infect small ruminants and strategies for controlling them in 2018 and beyond. It notes the emergence of anthelmintic resistance as a critical issue and introduces the American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control, which is working to develop sustainable control methods. The document then summarizes the main internal parasites affecting sheep and goats, including barber pole worm, and reviews anthelmintic classes, resistance issues, and integrated control approaches like targeted selective treatment and copper wire particles.
This document provides information on proper deworming practices for small ruminants. It discusses the classes of dewormers approved for use in sheep and goats, as well as extra-label dewormers. The goals of deworming and environmental considerations are covered. Targeted selective treatment is recommended over whole flock treatments to reduce dewormer resistance. Combination dewormer treatments and non-drug options like copper oxide wire particles are also discussed.
The document discusses parasites and goats at the Dakota Goat Association's statewide conference. It provides an overview of the American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control, which develops novel parasite control methods and educates producers. Key topics covered include the biology of parasites, anthelmintics (dewormers), anthelmintic resistance, and integrated parasite control strategies like combination treatments and copper oxide wire particles.
This PowerPoint presentation is the second in a four-part webinar series on worms (in sheep and goats). The presentation covers integrated parasite management (IPM): host immunity, pasture and grazing management, nutrition, management, and genetics. The presentation is by Susan Schoenian, University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist.
This document provides information on managing internal parasites in small ruminants. It discusses the primary internal parasites affecting sheep and goats, including roundworms, tapeworms, flukes, coccidia, and protozoa. An integrated approach to parasite control is recommended, combining management strategies like grazing management with targeted selective treatment. Key management strategies include developing host immunity, husbandry practices, nutritional management, and genetic selection. Diagnostic tools for targeted treatment include FAMACHA, five point check, and fecal egg counts. Combination dewormer treatments are advised to slow development of anthelmintic resistance.
The document discusses current recommendations for internal parasite control in small ruminants. It describes the American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control, which was formed to address issues with anthelmintic resistance and develop sustainable parasite control methods. It provides details on common internal parasites like Haemonchus contortus (barber pole worm), their life cycles, clinical signs, and treatment recommendations. Targeted selective treatment and combination treatments are recommended to slow development of anthelmintic resistance.
The barber pole worm (Haemonchus contortus) is a highly pathogenic blood-sucking parasite of small ruminants. It has a short lifecycle that is favored by warm, moist conditions. Signs of infection include anemia, bottle jaw, and ill thrift. Managing the parasite involves improving host immunity through good nutrition, genetics, and grazing management. Deworming must be targeted and combine multiple treatment approaches due to widespread dewormer resistance on farms. Testing is needed to determine which dewormers still work in a given location.
This document provides information on management tools for flock and herd improvement, with a focus on vaccination programs and weaning strategies. It discusses which vaccines are commonly used for sheep and goats and recommendations for vaccination of pregnant females, lambs/kids, and mature males. It covers reasons for weaning, typical weaning ages, and recommendations for early weaning of lambs/kids and their dams. The document also briefly discusses factors to consider when planning breeding and preparation steps to take 1-2 months prior to breeding.
The document discusses internal parasites that infect small ruminants and strategies for controlling them in 2018 and beyond. It notes the emergence of anthelmintic resistance as a critical issue and introduces the American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control, which is working to develop sustainable control methods. The document then summarizes the main internal parasites affecting sheep and goats, including barber pole worm, and reviews anthelmintic classes, resistance issues, and integrated control approaches like targeted selective treatment and copper wire particles.
This document provides information on proper deworming practices for small ruminants. It discusses the classes of dewormers approved for use in sheep and goats, as well as extra-label dewormers. The goals of deworming and environmental considerations are covered. Targeted selective treatment is recommended over whole flock treatments to reduce dewormer resistance. Combination dewormer treatments and non-drug options like copper oxide wire particles are also discussed.
The document discusses parasites and goats at the Dakota Goat Association's statewide conference. It provides an overview of the American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control, which develops novel parasite control methods and educates producers. Key topics covered include the biology of parasites, anthelmintics (dewormers), anthelmintic resistance, and integrated parasite control strategies like combination treatments and copper oxide wire particles.
This PowerPoint presentation is the second in a four-part webinar series on worms (in sheep and goats). The presentation covers integrated parasite management (IPM): host immunity, pasture and grazing management, nutrition, management, and genetics. The presentation is by Susan Schoenian, University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist.
The document discusses natural parasite control strategies for sheep and goats. It covers topics like anthelmintic resistance, pasture management, genetic selection, nutrition, herbal dewormers, copper oxide wire particles, condensed tannins, and other alternatives. The key points are that integrated parasite management is needed using multiple strategies together, as anthelmintic resistance is a major problem. Sericea lespedeza and copper oxide wire particles have shown effectiveness, while studies find most herbal dewormers do not reduce worm counts. Sustainable practices focusing on pasture, genetics, and natural methods must become the standard.
This document provides recommendations for internal parasite control in small ruminants. It discusses the inevitability of anthelmintic resistance and strategies for slowing resistance, such as increasing refugia through reduced treatment frequency and incomplete coverage of flocks. It also covers alternative treatment options like copper oxide wire particles that have shown effectiveness against barber pole worms. Proper testing is recommended to determine the level of resistance on a given farm.
This document provides an overview of basic sheep and goat husbandry for land managers. It discusses the differences between sheep and goats, their reproductive basics, nutrition needs, common health issues and diseases, parasite control, hoof care, and strategies for integrated pest management. Reproductive topics covered include breeding seasons, gestation periods and litter sizes. Common diseases addressed are internal and external parasites, foot rot, coccidiosis and other respiratory and digestive issues.
The document discusses alternative parasite control methods for livestock such as improving animal immunity, pasture management, nutritional supplementation, and the use of bioactive forages and biological controls like nematode trapping fungi. It provides details on various grazing, nutritional, and biological strategies that can be implemented instead of frequent deworming to maintain gut health and maximize animal immunity against internal parasites. The economic feasibility of different options is considered, noting that alternatives like improved pasture management or rotational grazing may be more cost effective than products like BioWorma fungal supplement.
This document provides information on dewormer use and resistance in goats from a presentation at Langston University. It discusses proper drug usage, the different drug families and their modes of action, strategies for deworming, and methods to prevent resistance development like the FAMACHA system. The FAMACHA system allows selective treatment by using eye color charts to identify anemia levels and target only animals with scores of 3-5 that likely need deworming.
The document discusses sustainable integrated parasite management (sIPM) in small ruminants. It provides information on the American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control (ACSRPC), which was formed to address issues with anthelmintic resistance and educate on parasite control methods. The document outlines the major internal parasites affecting small ruminants, including gastrointestinal nematodes like Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp., as well as coccidia. It describes the lifecycles of these parasites and clinical signs of infection. Treatment and prevention options for each parasite are also discussed.
This document discusses integrated parasite management (IPM) strategies for controlling internal parasites in small ruminants. It outlines several key internal parasites that affect sheep and goats, including Haemonchus contortus (barber pole worm), other gastrointestinal roundworms, tapeworms, lungworms, liver flukes, and coccidia. It emphasizes that a combination of management strategies is needed for effective parasite control, including grazing management practices like pasture rotation, mixed species grazing, and pasture rest, as well as selective treatment with dewormers. The goal of IPM is to prevent clinical disease and production losses rather than attempting to create parasite-free animals.
The document discusses animal welfare aspects of pig production. It notes that pigs are descended from wild boar and have natural behaviors like living in social groups and foraging. However, intensive production systems often fail to meet pigs' behavioral needs. Common practices like gestation crates severely restrict sows' natural behaviors and cause health and welfare issues. This can lead to problems like apathy, hunger-related stereotypies, and aggression. The document advocates satisfying pigs' needs for space, company, foraging materials and fiber in their diet to improve welfare.
This document discusses regulatory oversight of small ruminants including scrapie eradication programs, extra-label drug use, and the veterinary feed directive. It summarizes scrapie as a fatal prion disease of sheep and goats, and outlines the USDA's scrapie eradication program including mandatory identification and record keeping. It also explains requirements for extra-label drug use by veterinarians and drugs approved or commonly used in sheep and goats. Finally, it provides details on the veterinary feed directive which limits medically important antibiotics used for production purposes.
Internal parasites pose a significant health problem for sheep farms. Common internal parasites include various nematodes (roundworms) and flukes. The barber pole worm causes major losses worldwide. Widespread anthelmintic (dewormer) resistance has developed due to overreliance on and misuse of dewormers. Studies show resistance to common dewormers on many Alberta farms. Integrated parasite management is needed to control parasites in a sustainable manner while reducing selection pressure for resistance.
This presentation on Internal Parasite Control in Sheep was given at the Indianhead Sheep Breeders Association 17th Annual Shepherd's Clinic and Trade Show on February 12, 2011.
Prepared for Delmarva Small Ruminant Conference: All Worms All Day -- by Dr. Niki Whitley. Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware, December 9, 2017.
This presentation was given at the Delmarva Small Ruminant Conference All Worms All Day on December 8, 2018, in Keedysville, Maryland. The presenter was Susan Schoenian.
This document discusses strategies for controlling gastrointestinal parasites like Haemonchus contortus (barber pole worm) in small ruminants. It emphasizes using integrated and targeted approaches like selective deworming based on FAMACHA scores, pasture management, and limiting drug use to reduce anthelmintic resistance. Proper administration and alternating between drug classes is also important for effective control. Sustainable practices involve preventing environmental contamination through various animal health and grazing techniques.
This is the 4th webinar in a series of webinars on worms in sheep and goats. This presentation focuses on anthelmintics and other treatment options. The presentation was prepared by Susan Schoenian, University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist.
This document discusses gastrointestinal parasites that affect sheep and goats. It covers the main parasite groups, their life cycles, symptoms they cause, and methods for control. Integrated parasite management is recommended, using approaches like pasture management, selective treatments, and monitoring with fecal egg counts or systems like FAMACHA. Common anthelmintic drug classes are also outlined.
Managing Internal Parasites in Sheep and GoatsElisaMendelsohn
Managing internal parasites, especially Haemonchus contortus, is a primary concern for most sheep and goat producers. These parasites have become difficult to manage as they have developed resistance to nearly all available dewormers. This publication discusses using integrated techniques like pasture management and new drug administration methods to control parasites and prolong the effectiveness of dewormers. It provides an overview of the parasite lifecycle and factors that encourage parasite growth, as well as signs of parasitism.
Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Copper Wire ParticlesElisaMendelsohn
COWP (copper oxide wire particles) have been found to help reduce internal parasite loads in small ruminants. Research has found that administering COWP boluses containing between 0.5-4g of copper can lower fecal egg counts and reduce the number of parasites like Haemonchus contortus found in animals. The effects last approximately 4-6 weeks. While COWP can be an effective tool, it is best used as part of an integrated parasite management strategy along with other techniques like selective deworming, grazing management, and breeding for resistance.
Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Copper Wire ParticlesElisaMendelsohn
COWP (copper oxide wire particles) have been found to help reduce internal parasite loads in small ruminants. When administered orally in bolus form, COWP can lower fecal egg counts and the number of parasites found in animal intestines and abomasums. Research shows COWP boluses containing 0.5-4g doses, administered every 4-6 weeks, are effective in reducing parasite burdens, especially of the barber pole worm, in sheep and goat populations. While not a stand-alone treatment, COWP boluses can be part of an integrated internal parasite management strategy when used selectively based on individual animal need.
The document discusses natural parasite control strategies for sheep and goats. It covers topics like anthelmintic resistance, pasture management, genetic selection, nutrition, herbal dewormers, copper oxide wire particles, condensed tannins, and other alternatives. The key points are that integrated parasite management is needed using multiple strategies together, as anthelmintic resistance is a major problem. Sericea lespedeza and copper oxide wire particles have shown effectiveness, while studies find most herbal dewormers do not reduce worm counts. Sustainable practices focusing on pasture, genetics, and natural methods must become the standard.
This document provides recommendations for internal parasite control in small ruminants. It discusses the inevitability of anthelmintic resistance and strategies for slowing resistance, such as increasing refugia through reduced treatment frequency and incomplete coverage of flocks. It also covers alternative treatment options like copper oxide wire particles that have shown effectiveness against barber pole worms. Proper testing is recommended to determine the level of resistance on a given farm.
This document provides an overview of basic sheep and goat husbandry for land managers. It discusses the differences between sheep and goats, their reproductive basics, nutrition needs, common health issues and diseases, parasite control, hoof care, and strategies for integrated pest management. Reproductive topics covered include breeding seasons, gestation periods and litter sizes. Common diseases addressed are internal and external parasites, foot rot, coccidiosis and other respiratory and digestive issues.
The document discusses alternative parasite control methods for livestock such as improving animal immunity, pasture management, nutritional supplementation, and the use of bioactive forages and biological controls like nematode trapping fungi. It provides details on various grazing, nutritional, and biological strategies that can be implemented instead of frequent deworming to maintain gut health and maximize animal immunity against internal parasites. The economic feasibility of different options is considered, noting that alternatives like improved pasture management or rotational grazing may be more cost effective than products like BioWorma fungal supplement.
This document provides information on dewormer use and resistance in goats from a presentation at Langston University. It discusses proper drug usage, the different drug families and their modes of action, strategies for deworming, and methods to prevent resistance development like the FAMACHA system. The FAMACHA system allows selective treatment by using eye color charts to identify anemia levels and target only animals with scores of 3-5 that likely need deworming.
The document discusses sustainable integrated parasite management (sIPM) in small ruminants. It provides information on the American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control (ACSRPC), which was formed to address issues with anthelmintic resistance and educate on parasite control methods. The document outlines the major internal parasites affecting small ruminants, including gastrointestinal nematodes like Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp., as well as coccidia. It describes the lifecycles of these parasites and clinical signs of infection. Treatment and prevention options for each parasite are also discussed.
This document discusses integrated parasite management (IPM) strategies for controlling internal parasites in small ruminants. It outlines several key internal parasites that affect sheep and goats, including Haemonchus contortus (barber pole worm), other gastrointestinal roundworms, tapeworms, lungworms, liver flukes, and coccidia. It emphasizes that a combination of management strategies is needed for effective parasite control, including grazing management practices like pasture rotation, mixed species grazing, and pasture rest, as well as selective treatment with dewormers. The goal of IPM is to prevent clinical disease and production losses rather than attempting to create parasite-free animals.
The document discusses animal welfare aspects of pig production. It notes that pigs are descended from wild boar and have natural behaviors like living in social groups and foraging. However, intensive production systems often fail to meet pigs' behavioral needs. Common practices like gestation crates severely restrict sows' natural behaviors and cause health and welfare issues. This can lead to problems like apathy, hunger-related stereotypies, and aggression. The document advocates satisfying pigs' needs for space, company, foraging materials and fiber in their diet to improve welfare.
This document discusses regulatory oversight of small ruminants including scrapie eradication programs, extra-label drug use, and the veterinary feed directive. It summarizes scrapie as a fatal prion disease of sheep and goats, and outlines the USDA's scrapie eradication program including mandatory identification and record keeping. It also explains requirements for extra-label drug use by veterinarians and drugs approved or commonly used in sheep and goats. Finally, it provides details on the veterinary feed directive which limits medically important antibiotics used for production purposes.
Internal parasites pose a significant health problem for sheep farms. Common internal parasites include various nematodes (roundworms) and flukes. The barber pole worm causes major losses worldwide. Widespread anthelmintic (dewormer) resistance has developed due to overreliance on and misuse of dewormers. Studies show resistance to common dewormers on many Alberta farms. Integrated parasite management is needed to control parasites in a sustainable manner while reducing selection pressure for resistance.
This presentation on Internal Parasite Control in Sheep was given at the Indianhead Sheep Breeders Association 17th Annual Shepherd's Clinic and Trade Show on February 12, 2011.
Prepared for Delmarva Small Ruminant Conference: All Worms All Day -- by Dr. Niki Whitley. Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware, December 9, 2017.
This presentation was given at the Delmarva Small Ruminant Conference All Worms All Day on December 8, 2018, in Keedysville, Maryland. The presenter was Susan Schoenian.
This document discusses strategies for controlling gastrointestinal parasites like Haemonchus contortus (barber pole worm) in small ruminants. It emphasizes using integrated and targeted approaches like selective deworming based on FAMACHA scores, pasture management, and limiting drug use to reduce anthelmintic resistance. Proper administration and alternating between drug classes is also important for effective control. Sustainable practices involve preventing environmental contamination through various animal health and grazing techniques.
This is the 4th webinar in a series of webinars on worms in sheep and goats. This presentation focuses on anthelmintics and other treatment options. The presentation was prepared by Susan Schoenian, University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist.
This document discusses gastrointestinal parasites that affect sheep and goats. It covers the main parasite groups, their life cycles, symptoms they cause, and methods for control. Integrated parasite management is recommended, using approaches like pasture management, selective treatments, and monitoring with fecal egg counts or systems like FAMACHA. Common anthelmintic drug classes are also outlined.
Managing Internal Parasites in Sheep and GoatsElisaMendelsohn
Managing internal parasites, especially Haemonchus contortus, is a primary concern for most sheep and goat producers. These parasites have become difficult to manage as they have developed resistance to nearly all available dewormers. This publication discusses using integrated techniques like pasture management and new drug administration methods to control parasites and prolong the effectiveness of dewormers. It provides an overview of the parasite lifecycle and factors that encourage parasite growth, as well as signs of parasitism.
Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Copper Wire ParticlesElisaMendelsohn
COWP (copper oxide wire particles) have been found to help reduce internal parasite loads in small ruminants. Research has found that administering COWP boluses containing between 0.5-4g of copper can lower fecal egg counts and reduce the number of parasites like Haemonchus contortus found in animals. The effects last approximately 4-6 weeks. While COWP can be an effective tool, it is best used as part of an integrated parasite management strategy along with other techniques like selective deworming, grazing management, and breeding for resistance.
Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Copper Wire ParticlesElisaMendelsohn
COWP (copper oxide wire particles) have been found to help reduce internal parasite loads in small ruminants. When administered orally in bolus form, COWP can lower fecal egg counts and the number of parasites found in animal intestines and abomasums. Research shows COWP boluses containing 0.5-4g doses, administered every 4-6 weeks, are effective in reducing parasite burdens, especially of the barber pole worm, in sheep and goat populations. While not a stand-alone treatment, COWP boluses can be part of an integrated internal parasite management strategy when used selectively based on individual animal need.
Managing Internal Parasites in Sheep and GoatsElisaMendelsohn
Managing internal parasites, especially Haemonchus contortus, is a primary concern for sheep and goat producers. Parasites have developed resistance to nearly all available dewormers, making them difficult to manage. This publication discusses using integrated techniques like pasture management, selective treatment based on the FAMACHA system, and providing tannin-rich forages to help control internal parasites and prolong the effectiveness of dewormers in a sustainable manner while reducing production losses.
Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small RuminantsGardening
This document summarizes research on the use of sericea lespedeza for managing internal parasites in small ruminants. Sericea lespedeza is a high-tannin forage that has been shown to reduce parasite loads in sheep and goats through its condensed tannin content. The tannins are believed to directly impact parasites or indirectly boost animal immunity. Studies demonstrate sericea lespedeza reduces egg counts and hatching, and longer term grazing can decrease mature worm burdens. The document provides details on sericea lespedeza as a forage and its condensed tannin levels compared to other plants.
Internal parasites can be a major problem for livestock producers. With parasites developing resistance to dewormers, integrated parasite management is important. Management of nutrition, pasture, and strategic deworming can help control parasites without relying on chemicals. The whole farm system affects parasites - nutrition improves animal health; pasture management reduces contamination; and soil organisms like dung beetles and earthworms kill parasite eggs and larvae. While complete elimination is impossible, reducing parasite loads benefits animal health and productivity.
Deworming in animals- An overview of AntheminticsDr Shifa Ul Haq
The presentation covers various aspects of deworming in animals. It includes the symptoms of worm infestation, harms caused by parasites, various groups of anthelmintic drugs and their mode of action and some natural anthelmintic products.
Managing Internal Parasites in Sheep and GoatsGardening
This document discusses techniques for managing internal parasites, primarily Haemonchus contortus, in sheep and goats. It notes that internal parasites have become more difficult to manage due to widespread resistance developing to dewormers. It recommends an integrated approach using sustainable methods like pasture management, selective treatment based on anemia levels (FAMACHA system), and breeding for parasite resistance rather than relying on dewormers alone. New techniques discussed include using copper wire particle boluses and selecting more tolerant animals, while emphasizing the importance of refugia and not over-using dewormers.
Internal helminth parasites are
potential causes of primary disease in dogs
and cats and zoonotic diseases in humans.
Canine and feline parasite surveys
frequently list roundworms (Toxocara
canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina) and
hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum,
Ancylostoma tubaeforme, Ancylostoma
braziliense, Uncinaria stenocephala) as
common helminths. Numerous
anthelmintics, representing several
chemical classes, are available for
treatment and control of canine and feline
roundworm and hookworm infections.
Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Copper Wire ParticlesGardening
The document discusses copper oxide wire particles (COWP) as a tool for managing internal parasites in small ruminants like sheep and goats. It notes that overuse of dewormers has led to resistance, making them ineffective. COWP are described as a potentially effective alternative as they have been shown to reduce parasite loads. The document outlines how COWP can be administered by repackaging cattle boluses into smaller doses for sheep and goats using gel capsules. It also reviews several research studies that found COWP reduced fecal egg counts and the number of Haemonchus contortus parasites detected. However, it cautions that COWP should be one part of an integrated parasite management strategy.
The document provides information on integrated pest management for controlling internal parasites in sheep populations. It discusses using a combination of chemical and non-chemical methods, including alternative forages, browsing, clean pastures, coccidiostats, delayed grazing, FAMACHA, genetics, host resistance, low stocking rates, management practices, multispecies grazing, natural anthelmintics, nutrition, pasture rotation, proper dewormer use, protein supplementation, refugia, sanitation, and zero grazing. The key internal parasites of sheep are also described.
This document provides an introduction to sustainable sheep production, covering topics such as breed selection, grazing practices, lambing, health management, and marketing wool and meat products. It notes that sheep can be easily integrated into existing farms and operations, complementing cattle. Sheep production is suitable for beginning, small-scale, or part-time farmers due to the relatively small investment and gradually increasing flock size. The document discusses selecting sheep breeds based on markets, climate and preferences, and provides examples of common and specialized breeds.
Integrated Parasite Management for LivestockGardening
- Internal parasites can be a major problem for livestock producers and are developing resistance to dewormers. Integrated parasite management looks at the whole farm system, including nutrition, pasture management, and soil organisms, to decrease parasite loads and reliance on chemical dewormers.
- Nutrition plays a key role in animal health and ability to withstand parasites. Increased protein and phosphorus in diets can improve weight gain in infected animals.
- Pasture management, like rotational grazing and preventing overgrazing, allows for pasture rest and healthier soil that supports dung beetles and fungi to reduce parasite eggs and larvae. Keeping pastures at adequate height also reduces livestock ingestion of parasites.
insect and non insect pest and disease of honeybees.pptxDev Superio
This come under experiential learning program.This will cover topic like insect ,non insect pests and diseases of honeybees and their management and colony collapse disorder.
This will be helpful for those who are entitled under this prograame.
This document summarizes key information about flea and tick control medications for veterinary professionals. It discusses the goals and principles of flea and tick control, including killing existing parasites and preventing future infestations. The document also reviews several common active ingredients used in flea and tick control products, including their modes of action and formulations. These include insecticides, acaricides, insect growth regulators, and systemic compounds that are applied topically or orally.
This document provides information on identifying and managing common garden pests like insects and small animals. It discusses integrated pest management strategies like observation, identification, and using biological and cultural controls before resorting to chemical methods. Specific pests covered include aphids, spider mites, squash bugs, earwigs, and more. For small animals, it provides facts on common species like deer, ground squirrels, mice, moles and rabbits as well as non-lethal control recommendations focused on habitat modification and exclusion. The document concludes with additional wildlife and pest management resources.
One health approach to trichinellosis risk in borderland highlanders of north...ILRI
Poster prepared by Chalisa Kallayanamitra, Chalermpol Samranpong, Bruce A. Wilcox, Parichat Saenna, Veerasak Punyapornwithaya, Khwanchai Kreausukon, Pisit Leeahtam and Manoj Potapohn for the Ecohealth 2012 conference held at Kunming, China on 15-18 October 2012
Insect pest of cattle and their managementEpicGame
This document discusses major insect pests of cattle and their management. It outlines 8 major pests: black flies, horn flies, horse and deer flies, stable flies, cattle grubs, lice, mites, and mosquitoes. For each pest, it describes identifying characteristics, life cycles, impacts on cattle, and recommended management strategies. Management typically involves the use of insecticide applications like permethrin every 2-3 weeks and removing breeding sites or manure to disrupt pest life cycles. The document provides an overview of the key insect pests affecting cattle and guidance on integrated pest management approaches.
This PowerPoint presentation was prepared for the 2011 Missouri Livestock Symposium by Susan Schoenian, University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist.
Similar to Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Sericea Lespedeza (20)
This document provides a sustainability checklist for beef cattle farms. It includes questions about farm resources, management priorities, herd health, reproductive management, forage programs, grazing management, soil and water quality, energy and economic efficiency, quality of life considerations, and goals for improvement. The checklist is intended to help farmers critically evaluate the sustainability of their operations and identify areas for potential enhancement.
Garden Therapy: Links to Articles, Books, Profession Groups, DVDElisaMendelsohn
GARDENING THERAPY Resource List of Articles, Books, Manuals, DVD's, Training Programs and Professional Associations
TOPICS COVERED:
Horticulture Therapy
Healing Gardens
Sensory Gardens
Garden Therapy
Garden Therapy for the Disabled
Garden Therapy for the Mentally Challenged
Garden Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease
Garden Therapy for Depression
Garden Therapy for Autistic Children
Garden Therapy for the Blind and the Visually Impaired
Garden Therapy for Hospitals
Garden Therapy for Nursing Homes
Garden Therapy for Seniors
Garden Therapy for the Handicapped
Garden Therapy for Prisons, Jails and Correction Facilities
Garden Therapy for Botanical Garden
Garden Therapy and Community Gardens
Garden Therapy for Single Mothers
Garden Therapy for Stress
Garden Therapy for Veterans
Garden Therapy at Veterans Facilities
Garden Therapy for Soldiers
Garden Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorders
People Plant Connections
Gardening and Physical Fitness
Greenhouse and Garden Therapy for Disabled People
Accessible Gardening
Wheelchair Gardening
Vertical Gardening and Garden Therapy
Container Gardening and Garden Therapy
Adaptive Garden Equipment for Garden Therapy
Tools for Garden Therapy
Urban Trees and Mental Health
Parks and Garden Therapy
Nature and Learning
Greening School Grounds by Design
Garden Therapy for Schools
Plants in the Classroom for Enhanced Learning
Garden Therapy for Pre Schools
Garden Therapy for Daycare
Garden Therapy for Elementary School Bullies
Garden Therapy and Community Development
Garden Therapy and Food Security
Garden Therapy for Low Income People
Garden Therapy for Homeless People
Garden Therapy and Crime Reduction
Garden Therapy and Neighborhood Security
Sistemas Avícolas Alternativos con Acceso a PasturaElisaMendelsohn
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Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Sericea Lespedeza
1. Tools for Managing Internal
Parasites in Small Ruminants:
Sericea Lespedeza
A Publication of ATTRA - National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service • 1-800-346-9140 • www.attra.ncat.org
By Linda Coffey,
Margo Hale,
Tom Terrill,
Jorge Mosjidis,
Jim Miller, and
Joan Burke
NCAT/ATTRA and
Southern Consortium
for Small Ruminant
Parasite Control
2007
Contents
Introduction ..................... 1
Sericea Lespedeza ......... 3 Goat grazing sericea lespedeza. Photo by Jean-Marie Luginbuhl.
Sericea Lespedeza
Results ................................ 4
Introduction hatching of the eggs and development into
Using Sericea infective larvae. The larvae need moisture,
C
Lespedeza ......................... 5
ontrol of internal parasites, espe- such as dew or rain, to break open the fecal
Resources .......................... 6
cially of Haemonchus contortus (bar- pellet and move. They migrate out of the
References ........................ 6
ber pole worm, stomach worm), is a feces and up blades of grass (usually 1 to
primary concern for the majority of sheep 3 inches). When an animal (sheep or goat)
and goat producers. These parasites have grazes, they may take in parasite larvae
become more difficult to manage because of along with the grass blade. Parasite num-
increasing resistance to nearly all available bers increase over time when conditions are
dewormers. A severe infection of barber pole favorable (warm, wet).
worm causes anemia, bottle jaw, and—if not
Parasites are now developing resistance to
treated—death of infected sheep and goats.
anthelmintics (dewormers). Drug resistance
Mature parasites breed inside the host and is the ability of worms in a population to sur-
“lay eggs,” which pass through the host vive drug (deworming) treatment of the ani-
ATTRA—National Sustainable
Agriculture Information Ser-
and are shed in the feces. After the eggs mal at the prescribed dosage. Over-use of
vice is managed by the National pass out of the host, they hatch into lar- dewormers has led to resistance, and many
Center for Appropriate Technol-
ogy (NCAT) and is funded under
vae. Warm, humid conditions encourage available dewormers are now ineffective.
a grant from the United States
Department of Agriculture’s
Rural Business- Cooperative Ideas and research were generated by the Southern Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control (www.scsrpc.org)
Service. Visit the NCAT Web site and funding support for this work was provided by USDA, CSREES, Integrated Organic Program, and Capacity Building
(www.ncat.org/agri.
Grants Program (Award No. 2005-38814-16429). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this manuscript is
html) for more informa-
tion on our sustainable solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the
agriculture projects. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
3. • Negative effects may include reduced especially <www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/
intake and reduced digestibility, toxicagents/ tannin>.
leading to a decline in animal pro-
ductivity. Negative effects are seen According to Min et al. (2003), low
more often when CT concentration is concentrations of CT (20-45 g CT/kg DM)
high (above 55 g CT/kg DM in the are helpful to animals, while high forage CT
forage). (Min et al., 2003) concentrations (>55 g CT/kg DM) may have
negative effects. Results vary according
• Posit ive effect s may i nclude
to CT concent rat ion and st ructure
an increase in by-pass protein
(causing the animal to use protein and the animal that is grazing the forage,
more effi ciently), a reduction in however.
bloating, increased milk produc- Researchers have shown that big trefoil,
tion, and a reduction in internal sulla, sanfoin, and sericea lespedeza
parasite numbers, egg output, are useful in controlling internal para-
and hatchability. site infection in sheep and goats. Provid-
For more information on tannins, see ing condensed-tannin-containing forages
S
the references listed at the end of this is one way to boost the health of sheep
ericea
publication and the Resources section, or goats.
lespedeza is
Table 1. Condensed tannin (CT) content in different forage species.* a high-tannin
(Adapted from Min and Hart, 2003 and Min et al., 2005). forage that has been
scientifically proven
Forage CT, g/kg of DM %DM
to reduce parasite
Birdsfoot trefoil 48 4.8 loads in sheep
Big trefoil 77 7.7 and goats.
Sanfoin 29 2.9
Sulla 51–84 5.1–8.4
Lucerne (alfalfa) 0.5 .05
Sericea lespedeza 46-152 4.6–15.2
Perennial ryegrass 1.8 0.18
Chicory 3.1 0.31
Crabgrass/tall fescue
3.2 0.32
mixture
*
The standard used for analysis will affect the results. For these studies, a Quebracho standard was used.
Sericea Lespedeza by improving protein nutrition of the goat
and boosting the immune system. In addi-
Sericea lespedeza is a high-tannin forage (4–
tion, tannins appear to reduce the hatch-
15% DM) that has been scientifically proven ing of fecal eggs and development of lar-
to reduce parasite loads in sheep and goats. vae, perhaps by binding to the larvae. (Min
The mechanism of action is not yet known. et al., 2005). The tannins could also bind
Researchers believe that the plant tannins with feed nutrients and possibly prevent
may affect parasites either directly or indi- bacterial growth in the feces (larva feed on
rectly (or both). Tannins may react directly bacteria) and so limit the feed available for
with adult worms by attaching to their larval growth, or in some other way inhibit
“skin”, causing them distress, or indirectly larvae growth and movement. Adult worms
www.attra.ncat.org ATTRA Page 3
4. residing in animals that are grazing sericea
lespedeza shed fewer eggs, and the eggs that
are produced have reduced hatching ability.
However, when animals are moved off seri-
cea lespedeza pastures and on to other for-
ages, egg counts go back up, indicating that
mature worms were inhibited but not killed
in the short term. As animals are fed with
sericea for longer periods of time, research
has shown a reduction in mature worms as
well (Min et al., 2005, Shaik et al., 2006,
Lange et al., 2006). Reducing pasture con-
tamination and animal worm burdens will
help sheep and goats to be healthier and
Goat grazing sericea lespedeza. Photo by Margo Hale. more productive.
Things you should know about sericea lespedeza
• Sericea lespedeza is a legume that grows in low fertility • Sheep and goats may need time to adjust to grazing
and acid soils and was widely planted to rebuild eroded sericea if they are not familiar with the forage;
and depleted soils. It is one of the most commonly used however, they will graze it readily once they go
species for planting on surface mine spoils, road banks, through the adjustment period. Cattle will graze
and other disturbed or eroding areas. sericea if it is not too mature.
• Sericea is listed as a noxious weed in some states • No adjustment period is needed for feeding sericea
(Colorado and Kansas, at the time of this writing) and hay, as it is readily consumed by all classes of livestock.
may become invasive or weedy in some areas. • Researchers are investigating the performance of
• Where sericea is considered a noxious or invasive animals grazing sericea or being fed sericea hay or
weed, sheep and goat grazing can help to control supplement.
the plant while also helping sheep or goat parasite • Research has shown that sericea is effective against
problems. It will not be invasive when grazed and internal parasites when grazed or when fed in dried
prevented from producing seed. forms, such as hay or pellets.
Sericea Lespedeza Results internal parasites in sheep and goats. The
There have been several research trials following table summarizes the results. Ref-
studying the effects of sericea lespedeza on erences are included in the last column.
Animals Used Treatment Results Notes
Spanish wether goats, 15 days grazing sericea or Fecal egg counts (FEC) FEC increased after switch-
grazing rye/crabgrass, switch to reduced (2500 vs. 710 eggs ing to rye/crabgrass; tan-
other forage 15 days per gram), percentage of nins seemed to have short
eggs developing to larvae residual effect (Min et al.,
reduced (99% vs. 58.2%) 2004)
Goats, confined and Ground hay–sericea or ber- Reduced fecal egg counts FEC not significantly dif-
fed hay mudagrass– 4 week trial, (FEC) for sericea-fed goats ferent once animals were
all on bermudagrass hay (significant in 3rd and 4th taken off sericea, but still
for 3 weeks following weeks of trial) numerically lower (Shaik et
al., 2004
Page 4 ATTRA Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Sericea Lespedeza
5. Animals Used Treatment Results Notes
Goats, confined and fed Ground sericea (0, 25, 50, FEC reduced for those Optimum level of SL hay
hay (75% of diet) and grain 75%) and/or bermudagrass fed SL at all levels, greater appeared to be 50-75%
(25%) (75, 50, 25, 0%) in combi- reduction as % SL increases of total diet (Dykes et al.,
nations equaling 75% hay; and with time; at 6 weeks, 2006), but 25% was also
levels testing dose of SL 75% SL hay, 91.9% reduc- beneficial, reducing num-
needed, 6 weeks tion ber of adult barber pole
worms in the stomach by
58% (unpublished data)
Goats, confined and fed Sericea hay or FEC reduced, number of Egg counts dropped by
hay and grain bermudagrass hay, adult worms reduced, about 80% one week after
7 weeks hatchability of eggs into sericea feeding started;
L-3 larvae reduced in goats reduction increased to
fed sericea hay almost 90% by end of trial.
Both abomasal and small
intestinal worms reduced
and female worms reduced
more than male worms.
Male and female H. contor-
tus were reduced by 61 and
76%, respectively (Shaik et
al., 2006)
Lambs, fed hay; Sericea hay or bermudag- FEC reduced for those SL fed as hay reduced
natural and experimen- rass hay, 7 weeks, bermu- receiving sericea (67-98%); naturally infected worm
tal Haemonchus contortus dagrass an additional 2 FEC increased after sericea burdens 67%; reduced
infections weeks feeding stopped. Sericea establishment of incoming
also reduced worm larvae 26%. (Lange et al.,
numbers. 2006)
Angora does, grazing Sericea or crabgrass/tall Goats on sericea had Goats grazing sericea
fescue grazing, 81 days reduced FEC and fewer reduced both H. contortus
adult worms. Inhibited (89%) and Trichostrongylus
larval activity. Improved parasites (50%). (Min et al.,
weight gain and immune 2005)
responses. No adverse
effect on does and kids
(3.6 kg/kid).
Kiko-Spanish kids fed Sericea hay in ground and Pelleted sericea reduced Pelleting increased effec-
ground hay and pellets; pelleted forms, ground FEC 78%; increased PCV tiveness of sericea hay
natural infection bermudagrass hay 32% compared with ber- against parasitic worms;
mudagrass reduced adult H. contortus
75% (Terrill et al., 2007)
Using Sericea Lespedeza of time, it can reduce the number of adult
Producers should not rely on sericea as the worms. Researchers are working to deter-
sole method for controlling internal par- mine the most effective and economical
asites. However, sericea can be useful as ways to use sericea lespedeza as a substi-
one part of a complete parasite management tute for anthelmintics, or as a “deworming
strategy. Sericea has been shown to reduce pasture.” More information will be avail-
hatchability and fecundity (egg laying abil- able as the research is done. Continue to
ity) of internal parasites, and in that way it check the Southern Consortium for Small
will help reduce pasture contamination with Ruminant Parasite Control Web site at
larvae. Also, when used for longer periods www.scsrpc.org for updates.
www.attra.ncat.org ATTRA Page 5
7. Shaik, S.A., T.H. Terrill, J.E. Miller, B. Kouakou, 2006. Sericea lespedeza hay as a natural deworming
G. Kannan, R.K. Kallu, and J.A. Mosjidis. 2004. agent against gastrointestinal nematode infection in
Effects of feeding sericea lespedeza hay to goats goats. Veterinary Parasitology 139. p. 150–157.
infected with Haemonchus contortus. South African
Terrill, T.H., J.A. Mosjidis, D.A. Moore, S.A. Shaik,
Journal of Animal Science. Volume 34 (Supplement
J.E. Miller, J.M. Burke, J.P. Muir, and R. Wolfe.
1). p. 248–250.
2007. Effect of pelleting on efficacy of sericea lespe-
Shaik, S.A., T.H. Terrill, J.E. Miller, B. Kouakou, G. deza hay as a natural dewormer in goats. Veterinary
Kannan, R.M. Kaplan, J.M. Burke, and J.A. Mosjidis. Parasitology 146, p. 117–122.
Related ATTRA Publications
• Managing Internal Parasites in Sheep and Goats • Integrated Parasite Management for Livestock
• Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small • Small Ruminant Sustainability Checksheet
Ruminants: Copper Wire Particles
Notes:
www.attra.ncat.org ATTRA Page 7
8. Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small
Ruminants: Sericea Lespedeza
By Linda Coffey, Margo Hale, Tom Terrill, Jorge Mosjidis,
Jim Miller, and Joan Burke
NCAT/ATTRA and Southern Consortium for Small
Ruminant Parasite Control, 2007
This publication is available on the Web at:
www.attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/sericea_lespedeza.html
or www.attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/PDF/sericea_lespedeza.pdf
IP316
Slot 315
Version 112007
Page 8 ATTRA