COWP (copper oxide wire particles) have been found to help reduce internal parasite loads in small ruminants. When administered orally in bolus form, COWP can lower fecal egg counts and the number of parasites found in animal intestines and abomasums. Research shows COWP boluses containing 0.5-4g doses, administered every 4-6 weeks, are effective in reducing parasite burdens, especially of the barber pole worm, in sheep and goat populations. While not a stand-alone treatment, COWP boluses can be part of an integrated internal parasite management strategy when used selectively based on individual animal need.
Managing Internal Parasites in Sheep and GoatsElisaMendelsohn
Managing internal parasites, especially Haemonchus contortus, is a primary concern for most sheep and goat producers. These parasites have become difficult to manage as they have developed resistance to nearly all available dewormers. This publication discusses using integrated techniques like pasture management and new drug administration methods to control parasites and prolong the effectiveness of dewormers. It provides an overview of the parasite lifecycle and factors that encourage parasite growth, as well as signs of parasitism.
Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Sericea LespedezaElisaMendelsohn
Sericea lespedeza is a high-tannin forage that has been shown to reduce parasite loads in sheep and goats through both grazing and feeding studies. Research has found that animals consuming sericea lespedeza through grazing or hay have reduced fecal egg counts, lower numbers of adult worms, and decreased hatching of eggs into infective larvae. Multiple studies demonstrated up to a 90% reduction in fecal egg counts for small ruminants consuming sericea lespedeza. The forage appears to directly impact parasites and also boost animal immunity, providing an effective non-chemical approach to parasite management.
Factors Affecting Egg Quality can be summarized as follows:
1. Many factors can affect egg quality, including the hen's genetics, diet, age, environment, and health status. As hens age, egg quality declines as shells thin and albumen weakens.
2. Common causes of poor shell quality include the hen's age over 12-14 months, respiratory diseases, high temperatures, and low calcium intake. Thin shells can also result from drugs and chemicals.
3. Weak or watery egg whites are often due to the hen's age, ammonia levels, respiratory diseases, temperature, and sulfa drugs in their diet. Flecks in albumen can indicate partially cooked eggs
The document discusses current recommendations for internal parasite control in small ruminants. It describes the American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control, which was formed to address issues with anthelmintic resistance and develop sustainable parasite control methods. It provides details on common internal parasites like Haemonchus contortus (barber pole worm), their life cycles, clinical signs, and treatment recommendations. Targeted selective treatment and combination treatments are recommended to slow development of anthelmintic resistance.
The document discusses animal welfare aspects of pig production. It notes that pigs are descended from wild boar and have natural behaviors like living in social groups and foraging. However, intensive production systems often fail to meet pigs' behavioral needs. Common practices like gestation crates severely restrict sows' natural behaviors and cause health and welfare issues. This can lead to problems like apathy, hunger-related stereotypies, and aggression. The document advocates satisfying pigs' needs for space, company, foraging materials and fiber in their diet to improve welfare.
The barber pole worm (Haemonchus contortus) is a highly pathogenic blood-sucking parasite of small ruminants. It has a short lifecycle that is favored by warm, moist conditions. Signs of infection include anemia, bottle jaw, and ill thrift. Managing the parasite involves improving host immunity through good nutrition, genetics, and grazing management. Deworming must be targeted and combine multiple treatment approaches due to widespread dewormer resistance on farms. Testing is needed to determine which dewormers still work in a given location.
This document provides information on managing internal parasites in small ruminants. It discusses the primary internal parasites affecting sheep and goats, including roundworms, tapeworms, flukes, coccidia, and protozoa. An integrated approach to parasite control is recommended, combining management strategies like grazing management with targeted selective treatment. Key management strategies include developing host immunity, husbandry practices, nutritional management, and genetic selection. Diagnostic tools for targeted treatment include FAMACHA, five point check, and fecal egg counts. Combination dewormer treatments are advised to slow development of anthelmintic resistance.
Managing Internal Parasites in Sheep and GoatsElisaMendelsohn
Managing internal parasites, especially Haemonchus contortus, is a primary concern for most sheep and goat producers. These parasites have become difficult to manage as they have developed resistance to nearly all available dewormers. This publication discusses using integrated techniques like pasture management and new drug administration methods to control parasites and prolong the effectiveness of dewormers. It provides an overview of the parasite lifecycle and factors that encourage parasite growth, as well as signs of parasitism.
Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Sericea LespedezaElisaMendelsohn
Sericea lespedeza is a high-tannin forage that has been shown to reduce parasite loads in sheep and goats through both grazing and feeding studies. Research has found that animals consuming sericea lespedeza through grazing or hay have reduced fecal egg counts, lower numbers of adult worms, and decreased hatching of eggs into infective larvae. Multiple studies demonstrated up to a 90% reduction in fecal egg counts for small ruminants consuming sericea lespedeza. The forage appears to directly impact parasites and also boost animal immunity, providing an effective non-chemical approach to parasite management.
Factors Affecting Egg Quality can be summarized as follows:
1. Many factors can affect egg quality, including the hen's genetics, diet, age, environment, and health status. As hens age, egg quality declines as shells thin and albumen weakens.
2. Common causes of poor shell quality include the hen's age over 12-14 months, respiratory diseases, high temperatures, and low calcium intake. Thin shells can also result from drugs and chemicals.
3. Weak or watery egg whites are often due to the hen's age, ammonia levels, respiratory diseases, temperature, and sulfa drugs in their diet. Flecks in albumen can indicate partially cooked eggs
The document discusses current recommendations for internal parasite control in small ruminants. It describes the American Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control, which was formed to address issues with anthelmintic resistance and develop sustainable parasite control methods. It provides details on common internal parasites like Haemonchus contortus (barber pole worm), their life cycles, clinical signs, and treatment recommendations. Targeted selective treatment and combination treatments are recommended to slow development of anthelmintic resistance.
The document discusses animal welfare aspects of pig production. It notes that pigs are descended from wild boar and have natural behaviors like living in social groups and foraging. However, intensive production systems often fail to meet pigs' behavioral needs. Common practices like gestation crates severely restrict sows' natural behaviors and cause health and welfare issues. This can lead to problems like apathy, hunger-related stereotypies, and aggression. The document advocates satisfying pigs' needs for space, company, foraging materials and fiber in their diet to improve welfare.
The barber pole worm (Haemonchus contortus) is a highly pathogenic blood-sucking parasite of small ruminants. It has a short lifecycle that is favored by warm, moist conditions. Signs of infection include anemia, bottle jaw, and ill thrift. Managing the parasite involves improving host immunity through good nutrition, genetics, and grazing management. Deworming must be targeted and combine multiple treatment approaches due to widespread dewormer resistance on farms. Testing is needed to determine which dewormers still work in a given location.
This document provides information on managing internal parasites in small ruminants. It discusses the primary internal parasites affecting sheep and goats, including roundworms, tapeworms, flukes, coccidia, and protozoa. An integrated approach to parasite control is recommended, combining management strategies like grazing management with targeted selective treatment. Key management strategies include developing host immunity, husbandry practices, nutritional management, and genetic selection. Diagnostic tools for targeted treatment include FAMACHA, five point check, and fecal egg counts. Combination dewormer treatments are advised to slow development of anthelmintic resistance.
May 2020 presentation about BioWorma, the fungus that traps and kills worm larvae in manure of livestock. Webinar presentation by Chris Lawlor from International Animal Health.
This document provides information on proper deworming practices for small ruminants. It discusses the classes of dewormers approved for use in sheep and goats, as well as extra-label dewormers. The goals of deworming and environmental considerations are covered. Targeted selective treatment is recommended over whole flock treatments to reduce dewormer resistance. Combination dewormer treatments and non-drug options like copper oxide wire particles are also discussed.
This document summarizes information about dangerous insects. It discusses venomous hymenoptera like bees, wasps and ants. Their venom can cause allergic reactions ranging from local swelling to anaphylaxis. Poisonous spiders like the black widow, hobo spider and brown recluse are also covered. Their bites can cause pain, swelling, nausea and muscle spasms. Other dangerous insects include caterpillars whose hairs or scales cause skin irritations. The document also notes psychological conditions like entomophobia and delusional parasitosis where people believe they are infested with insects.
This document provides information on management tools for flock and herd improvement, with a focus on vaccination programs and weaning strategies. It discusses which vaccines are commonly used for sheep and goats and recommendations for vaccination of pregnant females, lambs/kids, and mature males. It covers reasons for weaning, typical weaning ages, and recommendations for early weaning of lambs/kids and their dams. The document also briefly discusses factors to consider when planning breeding and preparation steps to take 1-2 months prior to breeding.
Integrated disease management in silkworm bombyx morilanantaparihar4
This document summarizes a study on integrated disease management in silkworm Bombyx mori L. It discusses the major predisposing factors for silkworm diseases like constitution, nutrition, crowding, pathogens, and environment. It outlines the different aspects of integrated disease management including disinfection, hygiene maintenance, silkworm rearing management, and disease control measures. The results of rearings conducted during an unfavorable season show that the integrated approach adopted in the treatment batches led to significantly lower mortality from diseases compared to the control batches.
This document discusses various insect and non-insect enemies of honey bees, including the wax moth, wasps, ants, parasitic mites like Varroa destructor, and diseases. It provides details on the nature of damage caused by each enemy, symptoms of infestation or disease, and recommended management practices like removing infested comb, maintaining strong bee colonies, and using approved treatments and chemicals.
This document discusses using genetics to improve flock health and productivity in sheep. It notes that genetics has advantages over traditional approaches like management changes in providing permanent and cumulative improvements. Traits like disease resistance have a genetic component and selecting for improved resistance can benefit flocks. Specific diseases and traits discussed include internal parasites, footrot, mastitis, ovine progressive pneumonia, scrapie, and lambing ease. The document also covers using crossbreeding to take advantage of hybrid vigor and breed complementarity.
This document discusses different species of cockroaches that can become pests, including the German cockroach. It provides information on identifying features and preferred locations of indoor and outdoor cockroach species. Cockroaches can transmit diseases and allergens and contaminate food. The document outlines an integrated pest management approach including sanitation, monitoring with traps, using baits, and eliminating cockroach hiding places and food/water sources.
Integrated disease management in silkworm bombyx mori lPremananda Nath
This document is the introduction and objectives section of a dissertation on integrated disease management in silkworms during unfavorable seasons. It discusses how disease is caused by an imbalance between the host and environment. In India, silkworm diseases cause 15-20% annual crop loss. The objectives are to study predisposing factors for silkworm diseases and the importance of integrated disease management strategies to prevent and control diseases. Methodology will involve conducting rearings during an unfavorable season to compare treatment and control batches.
Combination anthelmintics (dewormers) are now recommended to control drug-resistant gastrointestinal parasites in sheep. Resistance to the three major classes of dewormers has developed on most farms. Combination dewormer treatments are more effective than individual dewormers because they have an additive effect and kill more resistant worms. Combinations should consist of full doses of different dewormers administered separately. Using copper oxide wire particles with dewormers can also improve efficacy against drug-resistant parasites. Adopting combination treatments and integrated parasite management is important for controlling drug resistance.
The impact of internal parasites on flock healthSusan Schoenian
This document discusses the impact of internal parasites on flock health and productivity in sheep. It notes that internal parasites are a primary health problem for sheep raised in warm, moist climates and that anthelmintic resistance has developed on farms around the world due to overuse of deworming drugs. Several types of internal parasites that can infect sheep are described, including nematodes, trematodes, and protozoa. The document also discusses tests for detecting anthelmintic resistance and the costs of resistance in terms of reduced animal performance and profits.
The document discusses the phylum Nematoda, which includes roundworms. It notes that nematodes are one of the most abundant animals on Earth and can be found in nearly every habitat. They cause some of the most debilitating human diseases. Several examples of parasitic nematode genera are described in detail, including their life cycles, hosts, geographic distribution, symptoms caused, and methods of diagnosis and treatment.
This presentation is the third in a four part webinar series on internal parasites in sheep and goats. This presentation focuses on the diagnostic tools available to producers to help them control parasites in the flocks and herds. The presentation is by Susan Schoenian, University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist.
Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Sericea LespedezaElisaMendelsohn
This document discusses tools for managing internal parasites in small ruminants, focusing on the use of sericea lespedeza. It provides an overview of current research showing that condensed tannins from sericea lespedeza can help control internal parasites. The document outlines challenges with relying solely on anthelmintics due to increasing drug resistance in parasites. It recommends integrated approaches including pasture management, selective deworming, breeding resistant animals, and alternative treatments such as sericea lespedeza which contains beneficial condensed tannins.
This document provides an overview of basic sheep and goat husbandry for land managers. It discusses the differences between sheep and goats, their reproductive basics, nutrition needs, common health issues and diseases, parasite control, hoof care, and strategies for integrated pest management. Reproductive topics covered include breeding seasons, gestation periods and litter sizes. Common diseases addressed are internal and external parasites, foot rot, coccidiosis and other respiratory and digestive issues.
Managing Internal Parasites in Sheep and GoatsElisaMendelsohn
Managing internal parasites, especially Haemonchus contortus, is a primary concern for sheep and goat producers. Parasites have developed resistance to nearly all available dewormers, making them difficult to manage. This publication discusses using integrated techniques like pasture management, selective treatment based on the FAMACHA system, and providing tannin-rich forages to help control internal parasites and prolong the effectiveness of dewormers in a sustainable manner while reducing production losses.
Deworming in animals- An overview of AntheminticsDr Shifa Ul Haq
The presentation covers various aspects of deworming in animals. It includes the symptoms of worm infestation, harms caused by parasites, various groups of anthelmintic drugs and their mode of action and some natural anthelmintic products.
Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Copper Wire ParticlesGardening
The document discusses copper oxide wire particles (COWP) as a tool for managing internal parasites in small ruminants like sheep and goats. It notes that overuse of dewormers has led to resistance, making them ineffective. COWP are described as a potentially effective alternative as they have been shown to reduce parasite loads. The document outlines how COWP can be administered by repackaging cattle boluses into smaller doses for sheep and goats using gel capsules. It also reviews several research studies that found COWP reduced fecal egg counts and the number of Haemonchus contortus parasites detected. However, it cautions that COWP should be one part of an integrated parasite management strategy.
insect and non insect pest and disease of honeybees.pptxDev Superio
This come under experiential learning program.This will cover topic like insect ,non insect pests and diseases of honeybees and their management and colony collapse disorder.
This will be helpful for those who are entitled under this prograame.
This document provides an introduction to sustainable sheep production, covering topics such as breed selection, grazing practices, lambing, health management, and marketing wool and meat products. It notes that sheep can be easily integrated into existing farms and operations, complementing cattle. Sheep production is suitable for beginning, small-scale, or part-time farmers due to the relatively small investment and gradually increasing flock size. The document discusses selecting sheep breeds based on markets, climate and preferences, and provides examples of common and specialized breeds.
Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small RuminantsGardening
This document summarizes research on the use of sericea lespedeza for managing internal parasites in small ruminants. Sericea lespedeza is a high-tannin forage that has been shown to reduce parasite loads in sheep and goats through its condensed tannin content. The tannins are believed to directly impact parasites or indirectly boost animal immunity. Studies demonstrate sericea lespedeza reduces egg counts and hatching, and longer term grazing can decrease mature worm burdens. The document provides details on sericea lespedeza as a forage and its condensed tannin levels compared to other plants.
May 2020 presentation about BioWorma, the fungus that traps and kills worm larvae in manure of livestock. Webinar presentation by Chris Lawlor from International Animal Health.
This document provides information on proper deworming practices for small ruminants. It discusses the classes of dewormers approved for use in sheep and goats, as well as extra-label dewormers. The goals of deworming and environmental considerations are covered. Targeted selective treatment is recommended over whole flock treatments to reduce dewormer resistance. Combination dewormer treatments and non-drug options like copper oxide wire particles are also discussed.
This document summarizes information about dangerous insects. It discusses venomous hymenoptera like bees, wasps and ants. Their venom can cause allergic reactions ranging from local swelling to anaphylaxis. Poisonous spiders like the black widow, hobo spider and brown recluse are also covered. Their bites can cause pain, swelling, nausea and muscle spasms. Other dangerous insects include caterpillars whose hairs or scales cause skin irritations. The document also notes psychological conditions like entomophobia and delusional parasitosis where people believe they are infested with insects.
This document provides information on management tools for flock and herd improvement, with a focus on vaccination programs and weaning strategies. It discusses which vaccines are commonly used for sheep and goats and recommendations for vaccination of pregnant females, lambs/kids, and mature males. It covers reasons for weaning, typical weaning ages, and recommendations for early weaning of lambs/kids and their dams. The document also briefly discusses factors to consider when planning breeding and preparation steps to take 1-2 months prior to breeding.
Integrated disease management in silkworm bombyx morilanantaparihar4
This document summarizes a study on integrated disease management in silkworm Bombyx mori L. It discusses the major predisposing factors for silkworm diseases like constitution, nutrition, crowding, pathogens, and environment. It outlines the different aspects of integrated disease management including disinfection, hygiene maintenance, silkworm rearing management, and disease control measures. The results of rearings conducted during an unfavorable season show that the integrated approach adopted in the treatment batches led to significantly lower mortality from diseases compared to the control batches.
This document discusses various insect and non-insect enemies of honey bees, including the wax moth, wasps, ants, parasitic mites like Varroa destructor, and diseases. It provides details on the nature of damage caused by each enemy, symptoms of infestation or disease, and recommended management practices like removing infested comb, maintaining strong bee colonies, and using approved treatments and chemicals.
This document discusses using genetics to improve flock health and productivity in sheep. It notes that genetics has advantages over traditional approaches like management changes in providing permanent and cumulative improvements. Traits like disease resistance have a genetic component and selecting for improved resistance can benefit flocks. Specific diseases and traits discussed include internal parasites, footrot, mastitis, ovine progressive pneumonia, scrapie, and lambing ease. The document also covers using crossbreeding to take advantage of hybrid vigor and breed complementarity.
This document discusses different species of cockroaches that can become pests, including the German cockroach. It provides information on identifying features and preferred locations of indoor and outdoor cockroach species. Cockroaches can transmit diseases and allergens and contaminate food. The document outlines an integrated pest management approach including sanitation, monitoring with traps, using baits, and eliminating cockroach hiding places and food/water sources.
Integrated disease management in silkworm bombyx mori lPremananda Nath
This document is the introduction and objectives section of a dissertation on integrated disease management in silkworms during unfavorable seasons. It discusses how disease is caused by an imbalance between the host and environment. In India, silkworm diseases cause 15-20% annual crop loss. The objectives are to study predisposing factors for silkworm diseases and the importance of integrated disease management strategies to prevent and control diseases. Methodology will involve conducting rearings during an unfavorable season to compare treatment and control batches.
Combination anthelmintics (dewormers) are now recommended to control drug-resistant gastrointestinal parasites in sheep. Resistance to the three major classes of dewormers has developed on most farms. Combination dewormer treatments are more effective than individual dewormers because they have an additive effect and kill more resistant worms. Combinations should consist of full doses of different dewormers administered separately. Using copper oxide wire particles with dewormers can also improve efficacy against drug-resistant parasites. Adopting combination treatments and integrated parasite management is important for controlling drug resistance.
The impact of internal parasites on flock healthSusan Schoenian
This document discusses the impact of internal parasites on flock health and productivity in sheep. It notes that internal parasites are a primary health problem for sheep raised in warm, moist climates and that anthelmintic resistance has developed on farms around the world due to overuse of deworming drugs. Several types of internal parasites that can infect sheep are described, including nematodes, trematodes, and protozoa. The document also discusses tests for detecting anthelmintic resistance and the costs of resistance in terms of reduced animal performance and profits.
The document discusses the phylum Nematoda, which includes roundworms. It notes that nematodes are one of the most abundant animals on Earth and can be found in nearly every habitat. They cause some of the most debilitating human diseases. Several examples of parasitic nematode genera are described in detail, including their life cycles, hosts, geographic distribution, symptoms caused, and methods of diagnosis and treatment.
This presentation is the third in a four part webinar series on internal parasites in sheep and goats. This presentation focuses on the diagnostic tools available to producers to help them control parasites in the flocks and herds. The presentation is by Susan Schoenian, University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist.
Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Sericea LespedezaElisaMendelsohn
This document discusses tools for managing internal parasites in small ruminants, focusing on the use of sericea lespedeza. It provides an overview of current research showing that condensed tannins from sericea lespedeza can help control internal parasites. The document outlines challenges with relying solely on anthelmintics due to increasing drug resistance in parasites. It recommends integrated approaches including pasture management, selective deworming, breeding resistant animals, and alternative treatments such as sericea lespedeza which contains beneficial condensed tannins.
This document provides an overview of basic sheep and goat husbandry for land managers. It discusses the differences between sheep and goats, their reproductive basics, nutrition needs, common health issues and diseases, parasite control, hoof care, and strategies for integrated pest management. Reproductive topics covered include breeding seasons, gestation periods and litter sizes. Common diseases addressed are internal and external parasites, foot rot, coccidiosis and other respiratory and digestive issues.
Managing Internal Parasites in Sheep and GoatsElisaMendelsohn
Managing internal parasites, especially Haemonchus contortus, is a primary concern for sheep and goat producers. Parasites have developed resistance to nearly all available dewormers, making them difficult to manage. This publication discusses using integrated techniques like pasture management, selective treatment based on the FAMACHA system, and providing tannin-rich forages to help control internal parasites and prolong the effectiveness of dewormers in a sustainable manner while reducing production losses.
Deworming in animals- An overview of AntheminticsDr Shifa Ul Haq
The presentation covers various aspects of deworming in animals. It includes the symptoms of worm infestation, harms caused by parasites, various groups of anthelmintic drugs and their mode of action and some natural anthelmintic products.
Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Copper Wire ParticlesGardening
The document discusses copper oxide wire particles (COWP) as a tool for managing internal parasites in small ruminants like sheep and goats. It notes that overuse of dewormers has led to resistance, making them ineffective. COWP are described as a potentially effective alternative as they have been shown to reduce parasite loads. The document outlines how COWP can be administered by repackaging cattle boluses into smaller doses for sheep and goats using gel capsules. It also reviews several research studies that found COWP reduced fecal egg counts and the number of Haemonchus contortus parasites detected. However, it cautions that COWP should be one part of an integrated parasite management strategy.
insect and non insect pest and disease of honeybees.pptxDev Superio
This come under experiential learning program.This will cover topic like insect ,non insect pests and diseases of honeybees and their management and colony collapse disorder.
This will be helpful for those who are entitled under this prograame.
This document provides an introduction to sustainable sheep production, covering topics such as breed selection, grazing practices, lambing, health management, and marketing wool and meat products. It notes that sheep can be easily integrated into existing farms and operations, complementing cattle. Sheep production is suitable for beginning, small-scale, or part-time farmers due to the relatively small investment and gradually increasing flock size. The document discusses selecting sheep breeds based on markets, climate and preferences, and provides examples of common and specialized breeds.
Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small RuminantsGardening
This document summarizes research on the use of sericea lespedeza for managing internal parasites in small ruminants. Sericea lespedeza is a high-tannin forage that has been shown to reduce parasite loads in sheep and goats through its condensed tannin content. The tannins are believed to directly impact parasites or indirectly boost animal immunity. Studies demonstrate sericea lespedeza reduces egg counts and hatching, and longer term grazing can decrease mature worm burdens. The document provides details on sericea lespedeza as a forage and its condensed tannin levels compared to other plants.
Internal parasites can be a major problem for livestock producers. With parasites developing resistance to dewormers, integrated parasite management is important. Management of nutrition, pasture, and strategic deworming can help control parasites without relying on chemicals. The whole farm system affects parasites - nutrition improves animal health; pasture management reduces contamination; and soil organisms like dung beetles and earthworms kill parasite eggs and larvae. While complete elimination is impossible, reducing parasite loads benefits animal health and productivity.
Managing Internal Parasites in Sheep and GoatsGardening
This document discusses techniques for managing internal parasites, primarily Haemonchus contortus, in sheep and goats. It notes that internal parasites have become more difficult to manage due to widespread resistance developing to dewormers. It recommends an integrated approach using sustainable methods like pasture management, selective treatment based on anemia levels (FAMACHA system), and breeding for parasite resistance rather than relying on dewormers alone. New techniques discussed include using copper wire particle boluses and selecting more tolerant animals, while emphasizing the importance of refugia and not over-using dewormers.
This document discusses strategies for managing internal parasitism in sheep and goats. It notes that internal parasites are the primary health problem and cause losses through clinical disease and reduced production. The two most important parasite types are Haemonchus contortus (barber pole worm) and Eimeria spp. (coccidia). Anthelmintic/dewormer resistance has developed on many farms, necessitating testing and integrated parasite management. The document outlines non-drug management techniques including pasture management, nutritional management, genetic selection, and monitoring tools like FAMACHA, Five Point Check and Happy Factor for targeted selective treatment.
Internal helminth parasites are
potential causes of primary disease in dogs
and cats and zoonotic diseases in humans.
Canine and feline parasite surveys
frequently list roundworms (Toxocara
canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina) and
hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum,
Ancylostoma tubaeforme, Ancylostoma
braziliense, Uncinaria stenocephala) as
common helminths. Numerous
anthelmintics, representing several
chemical classes, are available for
treatment and control of canine and feline
roundworm and hookworm infections.
This document discusses integrated parasite management (IPM) strategies for controlling internal parasites in small ruminants. It outlines several key internal parasites that affect sheep and goats, including Haemonchus contortus (barber pole worm), other gastrointestinal roundworms, tapeworms, lungworms, liver flukes, and coccidia. It emphasizes that a combination of management strategies is needed for effective parasite control, including grazing management practices like pasture rotation, mixed species grazing, and pasture rest, as well as selective treatment with dewormers. The goal of IPM is to prevent clinical disease and production losses rather than attempting to create parasite-free animals.
Insect pest of cattle and their managementEpicGame
This document discusses major insect pests of cattle and their management. It outlines 8 major pests: black flies, horn flies, horse and deer flies, stable flies, cattle grubs, lice, mites, and mosquitoes. For each pest, it describes identifying characteristics, life cycles, impacts on cattle, and recommended management strategies. Management typically involves the use of insecticide applications like permethrin every 2-3 weeks and removing breeding sites or manure to disrupt pest life cycles. The document provides an overview of the key insect pests affecting cattle and guidance on integrated pest management approaches.
DR Rizwan Saeed
Prof Community Medicine
Azra Naheed Medical College
Superior University
Lahore
Pakistan
snake bite management is a public health importance as it has a very less notification rate. Snakes are available in all types of climates, geographical zones and environment. It has social, cultural and historic importance. They are present in deserts, grasslands, jungles, mountains, coastal areas, lakes, rivers, oceans and almost everywhere. Its health education and management related awareness is very important.
The document provides information on integrated pest management for controlling internal parasites in sheep populations. It discusses using a combination of chemical and non-chemical methods, including alternative forages, browsing, clean pastures, coccidiostats, delayed grazing, FAMACHA, genetics, host resistance, low stocking rates, management practices, multispecies grazing, natural anthelmintics, nutrition, pasture rotation, proper dewormer use, protein supplementation, refugia, sanitation, and zero grazing. The key internal parasites of sheep are also described.
This document discusses various diseases that affect honey bees, including viral, bacterial, fungal diseases and mites. It describes the symptoms and control methods for important diseases like Thai Sac-brood virus, Kashmir bee virus, American foulbrood, European foulbrood, Nosema disease and Chalkbrood. It also discusses bee hive products like honey, beeswax, bee venom, propolis, royal jelly and bee pollen and their uses.
Understanding and Managing the Worming of your HorseWormers.co.uk
The document discusses understanding and managing worming for horses. It explains that worms can pose health risks to horses if present in large numbers, as they interfere with digestion. While worming treatments exist, they should be used sparingly to prevent parasite resistance. The best way to check for worms is a faecal egg count test. A horse should ideally be wormed twice a year and when tests indicate, as worming too often can promote resistance. Various prevention methods are described such as rotating grazing areas and picking up manure.
The document summarizes key information about internal parasites that infect small ruminants. It focuses on barber pole worms and coccidia as the two most important internal parasites. Resistance to dewormers has developed on many farms, so producers need to regularly test which dewormers still work using a Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test or DrenchRite Test. Integrated parasite management is the best approach and combines strategies like targeted selective treatment, pasture management, genetics, and monitoring animals.
Similar to Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Copper Wire Particles (20)
This document provides a sustainability checklist for beef cattle farms. It includes questions about farm resources, management priorities, herd health, reproductive management, forage programs, grazing management, soil and water quality, energy and economic efficiency, quality of life considerations, and goals for improvement. The checklist is intended to help farmers critically evaluate the sustainability of their operations and identify areas for potential enhancement.
Garden Therapy: Links to Articles, Books, Profession Groups, DVDElisaMendelsohn
GARDENING THERAPY Resource List of Articles, Books, Manuals, DVD's, Training Programs and Professional Associations
TOPICS COVERED:
Horticulture Therapy
Healing Gardens
Sensory Gardens
Garden Therapy
Garden Therapy for the Disabled
Garden Therapy for the Mentally Challenged
Garden Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease
Garden Therapy for Depression
Garden Therapy for Autistic Children
Garden Therapy for the Blind and the Visually Impaired
Garden Therapy for Hospitals
Garden Therapy for Nursing Homes
Garden Therapy for Seniors
Garden Therapy for the Handicapped
Garden Therapy for Prisons, Jails and Correction Facilities
Garden Therapy for Botanical Garden
Garden Therapy and Community Gardens
Garden Therapy for Single Mothers
Garden Therapy for Stress
Garden Therapy for Veterans
Garden Therapy at Veterans Facilities
Garden Therapy for Soldiers
Garden Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorders
People Plant Connections
Gardening and Physical Fitness
Greenhouse and Garden Therapy for Disabled People
Accessible Gardening
Wheelchair Gardening
Vertical Gardening and Garden Therapy
Container Gardening and Garden Therapy
Adaptive Garden Equipment for Garden Therapy
Tools for Garden Therapy
Urban Trees and Mental Health
Parks and Garden Therapy
Nature and Learning
Greening School Grounds by Design
Garden Therapy for Schools
Plants in the Classroom for Enhanced Learning
Garden Therapy for Pre Schools
Garden Therapy for Daycare
Garden Therapy for Elementary School Bullies
Garden Therapy and Community Development
Garden Therapy and Food Security
Garden Therapy for Low Income People
Garden Therapy for Homeless People
Garden Therapy and Crime Reduction
Garden Therapy and Neighborhood Security
Sistemas Avícolas Alternativos con Acceso a PasturaElisaMendelsohn
Este documento describe y compara sistemas avícolas alternativos y convencionales. Los sistemas alternativos incluyen aves con acceso a pasturas a través de casas fijas, casas portátiles, corrales de pastura u otros diseños que permiten a las aves expresar su comportamiento natural al aire libre. Estos sistemas son comúnmente a pequeña escala e integrados a granjas diversificadas. El acceso al exterior es una parte importante del bienestar de las aves y permite producción extensiva en comparación con los sistem
Producción Orgánica de Lechugas de Especialidad y Verduras Para EnsaladaElisaMendelsohn
Este documento describe las técnicas de producción orgánica de lechugas de especialidad y ensaladas. Explica que el mercado de lechugas de especialidad ha crecido, pero que el aumento de la producción ha hecho bajar los precios. Describe diferentes tipos de lechugas y verduras para ensaladas, así como técnicas de preparación del suelo, propagación, control de plagas y cosecha. Resalta la importancia de planificar cultivos para mantener un suministro constante a lo largo de la temporada.
Este documento cubre el procesamiento de aves a pequeña escala, ya sea en la granja o en plantas pequeñas. Describe las etapas clave del procesamiento, como la inmovilización, matanza, sangrado, desplume, evisceración, enfriamiento y empaque. También compara el procesamiento a pequeña, mediana y gran escala, y explica cómo el acceso a instalaciones de procesamiento es crucial para los pequeños productores avícolas.
Planeando la Plantación de Vegetales para una Cosecha ContinuaElisaMendelsohn
Este documento ofrece consejos para planificar plantaciones sucesivas de vegetales con el fin de lograr una cosecha continua a lo largo de la temporada de crecimiento. Explica que es importante mantener registros de plantaciones y cosechas anteriores para determinar las fechas óptimas de siembra. También destaca que el clima y las condiciones de la tierra afectan el crecimiento de los cultivos, por lo que es útil considerar las temperaturas ideales de germinación de cada vegetal. El documento incluye una tabla con esta información y un
Este documento trata sobre la nutrición de rumiantes en pastoreo. Explica que los rumiantes como vacunos, ovinos y caprinos pueden convertir plantas no comestibles para humanos en alimentos mediante la digestión de la celulosa. También destaca que la mayoría de las tierras son aptas solo para pastoreo, no para cultivo, y que el pastoreo es una forma eficiente de convertir la biomasa vegetal en alimentos como carne y leche. Además, resalta la importancia de entender la nutrición de los rumiantes considerando fact
Este documento trata sobre los requerimientos nutricionales para aves de pastura y cómo cubrirlos a través de diferentes ingredientes alimenticios comunes y poco comunes. Explica el valor nutritivo de ingredientes como el maíz, trigo, avena, harina de pescado y frijol soya, y discute consideraciones como la molienda, la formulación de raciones y la nutrición aplicada para diferentes tasas de crecimiento y estilos de alimentación.
Nuevos Mercados para Su Cosecha (audio version)ElisaMendelsohn
Pedro quiere vender sus productos agrícolas pero no puede vender todo en el mercado local y los comerciantes le ofrecen precios bajos. José le sugiere vender a instituciones como escuelas, hospitales y asilos de ancianos. José introduce a Pedro con el comprador de alimentos del hospital local. El comprador está interesado en comprar productos de la granja de Pedro y pide detalles sobre sus productos, precios y disponibilidad. Pedro comienza a vender lechuga al hospital y el comprador pide un volumen mayor, pero Pedro no puede
Los Escarabajos del Pepino: Manejo Integrado de Plagas — MIP Orgánico y Biora...ElisaMendelsohn
Los escarabajos del pepino son plagas importantes de cultivos de cucurbitáceas en los Estados Unidos. Transmiten enfermedades bacterianas y virales y causan daño directo al alimentarse de raíces, tallos, hojas y frutos. Sus ciclos de vida y las medidas orgánicas de control como plantación tardía, cobertores flotantes, cultivos trampa e insecticidas botánicos deben ser comprendidos para implementar estrategias de manejo integrado efectivas.
Las Crónicas Orgánicas No. 1: No Tenga Pánico Vuélvase OrgánicoElisaMendelsohn
Este documento presenta la historia de Pedro, un agricultor, que aprende sobre los beneficios de la agricultura orgánica a través de una visita a una granja orgánica y conversaciones con agricultores orgánicos. Pedro descubre que la agricultura orgánica fomenta la biodiversidad en el suelo y los cultivos, lo que ayuda a controlar plagas de forma natural. Aprende que el uso de pesticidas químicos puede dañar a los organismos benéficos en el suelo y los cultivos. Finalmente, Pedro decide convertir
La Certificación para Granjas Orgánicas y el Programa Orgánico NacionalElisaMendelsohn
Este documento describe los requisitos para la certificación orgánica de granjas y el Programa Orgánico Nacional de los EE.UU. Los agricultores que quieran vender sus productos como orgánicos deben obtener la certificación de un agente acreditado. La certificación asegura a los consumidores que los productos cumplen con las normas orgánicas. El Programa Orgánico Nacional estableció normas uniformes para la certificación y acredita agentes certificadores. Los agricultores deben cumplir con las normas de producción e
Jardinería Comercial: Consideraciones para Producción de Frutas y VerdurasElisaMendelsohn
Este documento proporciona consideraciones para iniciar un negocio de jardinería comercial. Explica que se debe desarrollar un plan de negocios que incluya un plan de marketing enfocado en los mercados. También discute opciones de mercado como mercados de productores, ventas directas, restaurantes e instituciones. Finalmente, enfatiza la importancia de aprender técnicas de producción a través de talleres, conferencias u observando otros productores.
Guía Ilustrada para la Producción de Ovinos y CaprinosElisaMendelsohn
Este documento es una guía ilustrada para la producción de ovinos y caprinos. Proporciona información sobre la selección de animales, la alimentación y el pastoreo, el cuidado de animales jóvenes y de cría, la sanidad, el equipo y el manejo, y la comercialización de productos de ovinos y caprinos. La guía describe las características deseables para una buena conformación en ovinos y caprinos, y ofrece consejos sobre cómo proveer una dieta y pastoreo saludables para estos animales.
Este documento proporciona una guía sobre métodos orgánicos para producir fresas. Cubre técnicas como el control de malezas mediante acolchado de plástico negro, fertilización orgánica, y control biológico de plagas. También discute sistemas de producción como la plantación en camellones con plástico y la producción en túneles, y provee recursos adicionales sobre certificación orgánica y recomendaciones de variedades por estado. La producción orgánica de fresas puede requerir más esf
Este documento describe el equipamiento básico necesario para una pequeña granja avícola, enfocándose en los sistemas de bebederos y comederos. Explica que los bebederos son cruciales para el bienestar de las aves y deben proveer agua limpia de manera confiable para prevenir enfermedades y la muerte de los pollos. También discute brevemente consideraciones para cercos, perchas y cajas nido.
Este documento describe el proceso de certificación orgánica según las normas del Programa Nacional Orgánico del Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos. Explica que la certificación permite vender, representar y etiquetar productos como orgánicos, y que involucra inspecciones anuales realizadas por un certificador acreditado para verificar el cumplimiento de las normas. También destaca algunos de los beneficios de la certificación, como mantener mejores registros que ayudan a identificar y resolver problemas de producción con mayor facilidad.
Este documento trata sobre el manejo sostenible de suelos. Explica las propiedades básicas del suelo y los pasos para mejorar y mantener la calidad del suelo de manera sostenible. Cubre temas como la importancia de la materia orgánica y los organismos del suelo, técnicas para mejorar el suelo como el compost y la labranza reducida, y ejemplos de agricultores que han tenido éxito mejorando la calidad de sus suelos.
El Manejo de Gallineros para la Producción AlternativaElisaMendelsohn
Este documento proporciona información sobre el manejo del medio ambiente en la producción avícola alternativa. Explica que tanto el área interior como el exterior son importantes para el bienestar de las aves. Detalla la importancia de la ventilación, temperatura, iluminación y lecho dentro del gallinero. Además, enfatiza que la producción alternativa a menudo ocurre a pequeña escala y puede ser certificada orgánica, requiriendo ciertas prácticas especiales en comparación con la avicultura convencional.
Este documento describe los cuatro pasos que los productores y procesadores orgánicos deben seguir para prepararse adecuadamente para su inspección de certificación orgánica anual. El primer paso es leer las secciones pertinentes de las Normas Orgánicas Nacionales según el tipo de operación. El segundo paso es revisar su Plan de Sistema Orgánico. El tercer paso es revisar la comunicación de la agencia certificadora del año pasado. El cuarto paso es organizar todos los registros requeridos usando las listas proporcionadas. La public
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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BPSC-105 important questions for june term end exam
Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Copper Wire Particles
1. Tools for Managing Internal
Parasites in Small Ruminants:
Copper Wire Particles
A Publication of ATTRA - National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service • 1-800-346-9140 • www.attra.ncat.org
By Margo Hale,
Joan Burke, Jim Miller,
and Tom Terrill
NCAT/ATTRA and
Southern Consortium
for Small Ruminant
Parasite Control
2007
Contents
Introduction ..................... 1
Copper Oxide Wire
Particles (COWP) ............. 2
Things You Should Know
about Copper .................. 2
COWP Boluses ................. 3
How to Make COWP
Boluses ............................... 3
COWP Results .................. 4
Summary ........................... 5
Resources .......................... 6 Sheep and goat producers must rely on a combination of techniques to manage internal parasites.
References ........................ 6
Introduction are shed in the feces. After the eggs pass
I
out of the host, they hatch into larvae in
nternal parasite management, especially the pellet. Warm, moist conditions encour-
of Haemonchus contortus (barber pole age hatching of the eggs and development
worm, stomach worm), is a primary con- into infective larvae. The larvae need mois-
cern for the majority of sheep and goat pro- ture, such as dew or rain, to break open
ducers. These parasites have become more the fecal pellet, releasing the larvae. The
difficult to manage because of developed infective larvae migrate out of the feces and
resistance to nearly all available deworm- up blades of grass (usually 1 to 3 inches).
ers. A severe infection of barber pole worm When an animal (sheep or goat) grazes, it
causes anemia, reduced animal production, may take in parasite larvae along with the
bottle jaw, and—if not treated—death of grass blade, resulting in infection. Numbers
infected sheep and goats.
ATTRA—National Sustainable
Agriculture Information Ser-
of infective larvae on the pasture increase
vice is managed by the National Mature parasites breed inside the host and over time when environmental conditions
Center for Appropriate Technol-
ogy (NCAT) and is funded under
“lay eggs,” which pass through the host and are favorable (warm, wet).
a grant from the United States
Department of Agriculture’s
Rural Business- Cooperative Ideas and research were generated by the Southern Consortium for Small Ruminant Parasite Control (www.scsrpc.org)
Service. Visit the NCAT Web site and funding support for this work was provided by USDA, CSREES, Integrated Organic Program, and Capacity Building
(www.ncat.org/agri.
html) for more informa-
Grants Program (Award No. 2005-38814-16429). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this manuscript is
tion on our sustainable solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the
agriculture projects. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
4. COWP Results
There have been several research trials parasites in sheep and goats. The following
studying the effects of COWP on internal table summarizes the results.
Animals Used Treatment Results Notes
Crossbred (Katahdin, 0.5 g or 1 g COWP every 6 Fecal egg counts (FEC) Lower COWP doses just
Dorper, St. Croix cross) weeks (May-October) reduced, fewer as effective at reducing
ram lambs H. contortus found in fecals internal parasites as higher
of lambs treated with doses in other studies.
COWP COWP was highly effec-
tive in reducing nematode
infection for 4-6 weeks (3)
5-6 month old hair 0, 2, 4, or 6 g COWP FEC reduced in lambs
breed lambs receiving 2, 4, or 6 g COWP;
H. contortus numbers in
the abomasums were
reduced (5)
Mature Katahdin ewes, 0, 2, or 4 g COWP FEC reduced for those Evidence that lambs
prior to lambing receiving COWP (2 g-66%; received copper from
4 g- 55%), FEC increased in treated ewes (in utero and
untreated animals through milk) (4)
Lactating Polypay ewes Mature ewes—0, 0.5, 1, or Ewes—FEC were lower for In this study, a beneficial
and their offspring 2 g COWP 60 days after those treated with 1 or 2 g effect for ewes was seen
lambing COWP with 2 g COWP.
Offspring—0, 0.5, 0.75, 1 Offspring—All doses of COWP appear to be less
or 2 g COWP at 2 months COWP lowered FEC effective in mature ewes
of age compared with lambs. (7)
Boer-cross yearling goats 0, 5, or 10 g COWP bolus FEC were lower for animals While FEC were lower for
treated with COWP animals treated with COWP,
they still were over 2000
eggs/g. (9)
Boer-cross weanling goats 0 or 2.5 g COWP FEC initially decreased by FEC started to rise 3 weeks
~50% (from 2930 eggs/g after COWP treatment. (10)
to 1525 eggs/g) for those
treated with COWP, but
then rose to over 3000
eggs/g
Mature Spanish does graz- 0 or 4 g COWP Overall FEC were similar On days 0, 7, and 14 FEC of
ing winter pasture between 0 and 4 g COWP. untreated goats increased
while FEC of COWP treated
goats remained low. (8)
Yearling Spanish x boer 0, 5, or 10 g COWP FEC were similar in 0, 5, or Concentrations of copper
cross bucks 10 g COWP treated goats in the liver were greater in
and decreased between COWP-treated goats than
day 0 and 35. untreated goats. (8)
Boer x Spanish doe and 0, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 g COWP FEC were lower on days 7, Average daily gain tended
wether kids 14, and 21 compared with to increase with dose
untreated kids, but were of COWP up to 2 g then
similar by day 28. decreased at 4 g. (8)
Page 4 ATTRA Tools for Managing Internal Parasites in Small Ruminants: Copper Wire Particles
5. Animals Used Treatment Results Notes
Boer x Spanish wether kids 0 g COWP, 5 g COWP, apple There was no effect of vin-
cider vinegar drench, or egar drenching on FEC in 0
vinegar drench and 5 g or 5 g COWP treated kids.
COWP FEC were reduced in COWP
treated kids. (8)
Boer and Spanish x Boer 0 or 2 g COWP while sup- FEC were reduced in At the end of this study,
does plemented with 220 g of COWP treated goats and 2 g COWP was administered
corn and soybean meal or remained lower than to all goats and resulted
220 g of cottonseed meal untreated does until day in a 79% reduction in FEC
21 for corn soybean meal- 7 days later. (8)
supplemented does and
day 28 in cottonseed meal-
supplemented does. FEC
were lower in CSM than
corn soybean meal-supple-
mented does that received
COWP.
Boer yearling does 0 or 5 g COWP grazing Doses of 5 g COWP By day 28 approx. 50% of
either tall fescue or sericea decreased FEC and sericea untreated does required
lespedeza lespedeza grazing tended deworming, but no COWP-
to decrease FEC. treated does required
deworming. (8)
Yearling Spanish does, Multi-trace element/vita- Fecal egg counts were
prior to breeding min ruminal bolus contain- reduced (by 80%) and
ing copper oxide remained low, while
untreated animals’ FEC
increased (6)
Spanish and Boer does, 6 Multi-trace element/vita- H. contortus decreased; FEC Reduction in FEC lasted
weeks before kidding min ruminal bolus contain- were reduced (by 60%) 3-4 weeks, similar to
ing copper oxide anthelmintic treatments (6)
Summary
Copper oxide wire particles (COWP) have
been proven to be an effective method of
controlling H. contortus (barber pole worm)
in sheep and goats. While COWP have
shown positive results in reducing parasite
loads, they should not be the only method
of parasite control used. Research continues
on the use of COWP to determine the most
effective treatments for sheep and goats.
COWP can be an effective component of a
holistic parasite management strategy.
Producers must use a holistic approach to managing
internal parasites.
www.attra.ncat.org ATTRA Page 5