The document describes different types of traps used for pest surveillance, including light traps, bait traps, pheromone traps, and sticky traps. Light traps use a light source to attract moths, hoppers, and beetles but can also trap non-target species. Bait traps rely on attractants like food but the bait needs frequent changing. Pheromone traps use synthetic sex pheromones to attract specific pest species without needing power. Sticky traps are used to monitor pests like whiteflies, thrips, and aphids but can also trap beneficial insects.

1. Snehal Arun Mane

2. Practical
Visit to meteorological observatory /
automatic weather reporting station.
Terrestrial and pond ecosystems of insects.
Behavior of insects and orientation.
Distribution patterns of insects, sampling
techniques for the estimation of insect
population and damage.

3. Pest surveillance through light traps, pheromone
traps and field incidence.
Practicable IPM practices- Mechanical and physical
methods, Cultural and biological methods.
Chemical control – Insecticides and their
formulations.
Pesticide appliances, insecticide application
techniques
Calibration of plant protection appliances,
Calculation of doses/concentrations of insecticides.

4. Compatibility of pesticides and Phytotoxicity of
insecticides
IPM case studies– Cotton, Sugarcane, Mango/ Citrus/
Pomegranate.
Identification of common phytophagous mites and
their morphological characters
Identification of rodents, bird pests, their damage and
management.
 Vermiculture – visit to vermiculture unit,
Biopesticides used in IPM with mass multiplication of
NPV and Entomopathogenic fungi.

5. Pest surveillance through traps.
Types of traps
Light trap
Bait trap
Pheromone trap
Sticky trap

6. Light trap
A light trap consist of light
source above funnel and
container below to collect
the catch the insect.
A light source generally oil
lamp or electric bulb
fluorescent tube.

7. It is used for
sampling agricultural
pest particularly
moths, hoppers and
beetles.

8. Disadvantage
 Sometimes large number
of non target species
which may be useful one
also get trapped .
 Which is not only
cumbersome but also
disturb the ecological
balance.

9. Bait trap
Bait traps are rely on an
insect olfaction or sense
of smell for attraction.
A common attractant is
food.(food containing
poison )

10. Sorghum shoot fly - fish meal trap

11. Corn maggot - A mixture of yeast and molasses
fruit sucking moth - over ripen banana
Disadvantage
The utility of such traps is short lived due to
infection of the bait by micro -organism .
Therefore the bait needs to be changed frequently to
keep the trap active.

13. Pheromone trap .
Pheromone - A chemical used to
communicate between individual of
the same spp.
 Synthetic sex pheromone are
placed in traps to attract the target
species, there is no sorting or
identification problem.
No power is required as like light
trap so, these can be installed in
any field.

14. Pheromone traps used in detecting or
sampling of fruit flies .
Fruit
fly
trap

15. Funnel trap
 Pheromone traps / Funnel trap - used
in detecting or sampling of
 Spotted bollworm ( Earias spp)
 Cotton bollworm ( Helicovepa
armigera.)
 Codling moth (Cydia pomonella)
 Pink bollworm ( Pectinophora
gossypiella)

16. Disadvantage
Such traps are is that
almost all traps detect only
the adult males.
Eg- Helicoverpa armigera
traps suspended at 1.8 m
from the ground.

17. Sticky traps
These traps are
installed on a
wooden stack or
bamboo stick at
various height
above plant canopy .

18. Yellow sticky trap –
Use to trap whiteflies
,shore flies thrips, fungus
gnats, winged aphid ,leaf
miners, scales.
But be aware they may
capture parasitic wasp,
midge flies and beetles.
Use with care
Reduce hang duration if
needed ,just be consistent.

19. White fly Aphid

20. Blue sticky trap –
Use blue sticky traps are for
thrips only.
Which is useful if you need to
monitor for thrips
 But be aware they may capture
parasitoids like Aphidius spp.
Hot pink is supposed to be
another good color for thrips ,but
it not commercially available trap
color

21. Thrips