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Families Poaceae and amaranthaceae.pptx

This document summarizes the Poaceae and Amaranthaceae families. It describes key characteristics of Poaceae such as jointed stems, spikelet inflorescences, and the importance of members like rice and wheat. Rice is described in detail, including its morphology and floral diagram. Amaranthaceae is also summarized, noting its opposite or alternate leaves, racemose inflorescences, and importance as grain, potherb, and ornamental plants. Amaranthus spinosus is then characterized.

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Presented to – dr. preeti khanduri uniyal Presented by – km. anamika uniyal Class- m. sc.2nd sem Subject- taxonomy of angiosperms Departmeent of botany ,pg Families Poaceae and amaranthaceae
Family poaceae  Name ‘poaceae’ was given by john hendly in 1895  It was given on the basis of tribe poeae  The meaning of this word is fodder  Also known as gramineae or grass family  Represented the fifth largest family
Vegetative characters  Habit – annual, biennial,perennials, herbs, shrubs, few woody  Root –adventitious, fibrous ,stilt in maize  Stem - jointed , errect , creeping, fistular(bamboo),hard and (maize),nodes and internodes  Leaf - simple, alternate, sessile, stipule called ligule.
Floral characters  Inflorescence- spikelets  Flower - sesssile,unisexual or bisexual, hypogynous, zygomorphic.  Perianth- absent sometime ,sometime 2 or 3 lodicules are present  androecium- 3stamens, sometime 6 in rice  Gynoecium- monocarpellary, syncarpous,suprior  fruit- caryopsis  Seed- endospermic
Important genera 1) Zea mays 2) Oryza sativa 3) Triticum aestivum 4) Pennisetum glaucum 5) Saccharaum officinarum 6) Bambusa bamboo 7) Cymbopogon citarus
Classification genus (oryza)  Kingdom – plantae  Phylum angiosperm  Class- monocotyledonae  Order – poales  family- poaceae  12 subfamily  Genus – oryza sativa
Oryza sativa ( rice- chawal)  habit – annual herb, cultivated as annual cereal in both tropical and temperature regions  root - the seminal or primary root and the adventitious or secondary roots  Stem - erect, cylindrical , hollow except at nodes, 6 to 8mm, thick, nodes and internodes conspicuos  Leaf –they always emerge from the nodesnoral leaf possesses the leaf sheath, ligule, auricles and leaf blade
Floral characters  Inflorescence- a terminal panicle, the inflorescence borne on the peducle or on the upper –most internodes  spikelets - spikelets are either singly  flower- bracteate, a large conspicuos bract, the lemma  Perianth- two broad, thick and fleshy lodicules  androecium- six stamen , arranged in two whorls  Gynoecium- single carpel, ovary superior, unilocular , longe than broad  Fruit- a caryopsis
Floral diagram of oryza sativa
Importance of poaceae  use as food  members of this family are good source of food, wheat, maize , rice , sugarcane etc  Use as food of animals eg fodder for cattle and sheeps etc oils are obtained  Industrial uses - manufacturing of paper  sugar is obtanied  Biofuel production  Medicinal- cymbopogon jwarancusa is used to cure fever and flu
amaranthaceae  Origin - south east asia  Distribution - tropical, sub tropical and temperate regions as  Grain crops  Potherbs  ornaments  dye plants  There are about 64 genera and 800 species in this family
Vegetative & floral characters  Habit- the plant are herbs ,shurbs,annual or perennial  Leaves – oppositeor alternate, simple, entire, exstipulate  Inflorescence- racemose type  Flower- minute and aaranged in dense fascicles eg. Celosia cristata  Perianth– dry, white or coloured , 4or 5 paeianth leaves  Androcium- 4or 5 stamens opposite the perianth leaves
Classification of amaranthus( genus) Kingdom – plantae Phylum- angiosperm Class- monocotyledonae  order- amarathales Family- amaranthaceae
Amaranthus spinosus( genera)  habit- a spiny herb  Root- tap and branched  Stem – erect, aerial, branched, herbaceous , terete, solid, smooth, green  leaf- cauline and ramal ,exsipulate, alternate, simple , petioate,ovate, entire, acute
Floral characters inflorescence- spike  Male flower- bracteate, bracteolate, sessile, actinomorphic, unisexual, incomplete, staminate,spike  Perianth- 5 tepals , polytepalous, quincuncial aestivation, membranous .  Androecium – 4-5 stamen , polyandrous, anteposed, filament long .  Gynoecium – absent  Female flower- bracteate, bracteolate, sessile, unisexual, incomplete,pistillate,actinomorphic, cyclic perianth -5tepals,polytepalous,quincuncial, membranous androecium- absent Gynoecium – 2 carpels , syncarpous, ovary superior Fruit- utricle
Importance of amaranthaceae  Few species are grown as ornamental plants eg amaranthus blitum,  Amaranthus spinosus eng- prickly amaranth verna – katailchaulai this is spiny herb , the ash of the leaves use in dyeing  amaranthus caudatus , verna – ramdana this is grown as a vegetable in north india . This is grow as ornamental  digera muricata , verna – latmohuria – this is a herb , its tender twigs and inflorescences are used as vegetable
Families Poaceae and amaranthaceae.pptx