Maternal and neonatal mortality remains a public health burden around the globe most especially in developing countries. A well utilized antenatal care ANC is however among the identified interventions to reduce this burden of maternal and neonatal mortality rates. A lot of factors therefore predispose, enable and cause mothers to identify the need to utilize this service ANC .This study employed descriptive cross sectional survey design. A semi structured questionnaire consisting of demographic profile of the respondents, their knowledge about ANC services and the level of ANC utilization. Logistic regression analysis techniques and chi square were used for the categorical variables to examine the associations between the dependent and independent variables. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Science software SPSS version 22. Majority 87 of postpartum mothers in the Sunyani municipality attended ANC at least once during their last pregnancy of which 95.6 had four or more visits and 77.1 initiated their ANC attendance within their first trimester. It was further observed that 97.3 of the mothers had good knowledge about ANC. Marital status and ANC knowledge were found to be significantly associated with ANC attendance. Stephen Owusu Sekyere | Kodua Freda "Factors Associated with Antenatal Care Service Utilization among Women with Children under Five Years in Sunyani Municipality, Ghana" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39882.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/39882/factors-associated-with-antenatal-care-service-utilization-among-women-with-children-under-five-years-in-sunyani-municipality-ghana/stephen-owusu-sekyere
Learning from a Class Imbalanced Public Health Dataset: a Cost-based Comparis...IJECEIAES
Public health care systems routinely collect health-related data from the population. This data can be analyzed using data mining techniques to find novel, interesting patterns, which could help formulate effective public health policies and interventions. The occurrence of chronic illness is rare in the population and the effect of this class imbalance, on the performance of various classifiers was studied. The objective of this work is to identify the best classifiers for class imbalanced health datasets through a cost-based comparison of classifier performance. The popular, open- source data mining tool WEKA, was used to build a variety of core classifiers as well as classifier ensembles, to evaluate the classifiers‟ performance. The unequal misclassification costs were represented in a cost matrix, and cost-benefit analysis was also performed. In another experiment, various sampling methods such as under-sampling, over-sampling, and SMOTE was performed to balance the class distribution in the dataset, and the costs were compared. The Bayesian classifiers performed well with a high recall, low number of false negatives and were not affected by the class imbalance. Results confirm that total cost of Bayesian classifiers can be further reduced using cost-sensitive learning methods. Classifiers built using the random under-sampled dataset showed a dramatic drop in costs and high classification accuracy.
Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module SIM on Level of Knowledge Regardin...ijtsrd
Background Fertility is the natural capability to produce offspring. A lack of fertility is infertility while a lack of fecundity would be called sterility. The term infertility is defined as the inability to conceive despite regular and unprotected intercourse for 2 years. However, risk factors such as the womans age, abnormal menstrual periods, history of pelvic inflammatory disease and whether there has been previous abdominal or pelvic surgery, history of undescended testicles may warrant earlier investigations and treatment of infertility. Couples should be aware that 80 will conceive within a year and 90 within two years if they dont use contraception and have regular intercourse.1 Materials and Methods A pre experimental has provided comparison between a group of subjects before and after the experimental treatment used for this study. The sample consisted 60 staff nurses those were working in obstetrics and gynecology department in selected hospital Haridwar . They were selected by Convenient non – probability Sampling Technique. Data was collected by using a structured knowledge questionnaire regarding recent advancement in infertility treatment. Data analysis is done by using descriptive and inferential method. Results Findings suggest that the pre test knowledge score was 15.45 ±3.88 which has increased to post test knowledge score 30.11 ±3.4. Independent sample “t†test was calculated to find the significant difference between means of pretest and post test knowledge scores. The calculated t value was 23.036 df=59 at p 0.05 . This significant improvement in the knowledge can be attributed to the intervention. Conclusion Based on the findings of the study after the implementation of self instructional module, there is a significant increase in knowledge of staff nurses regarding the recent advancement in infertility treatment. Bhawna Sharma | Priscilla John | Asha ""Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) on Level of Knowledge Regarding Recent Advancements in Infertility Treatment among the Staff Nurses Working in Obstetrics and Gynecological Departments"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22929.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/22929/effectiveness-of-self-instructional-module-sim-on-level-of-knowledge-regarding-recent-advancements-in-infertility-treatment-among-the-staff-nurses-working-in-obstetrics-and-gynecological-departments/bhawna-sharma"
This document discusses epidemiological research methods and their application to health informatics. It covers the basic principles of epidemiology including different study designs like cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, and experimental studies. Examples are provided of how these designs have been used in health informatics research to study topics like use of health IT in physician offices and relationships between variables in electronic health record data. The document also explains how to calculate measures like prevalence rates, sensitivity, specificity, odds ratios, relative risk, and incidence rates for different epidemiological study designs.
UOG Journal Club: September 2013
Value of adding second-trimester uterine artery Doppler to patient characteristics in identification of nulliparous women at increased risk for pre-eclampsia: an individual patient data meta-analysis
C. E. Kleinrouweler, P. M. M. Bossuyt, B. Thilaganathan, K. C. Vollebregt, J. Arenas Ramírez, A. Ohkuchi, K. L. Deurloo, M. Macleod, A. E. Diab, H. Wolf, J. A. M. van der Post, B. W. J. Mol and E. Pajkrt
Volume 42, Issue 3, Date: September 2013, pages 257–267
Link to the free-access article:
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/uog.12435/abstract
This document provides a summary and review of notable publications in translational bioinformatics from approximately 2014 to early 2015. It begins with an introduction and overview of the goals and process for selecting publications. Several key topics and publications are then highlighted, including precision medicine and clinical prediction models, variation analysis, cancer genomics, clinical applications of genomics, pharmacogenomics, systems biology approaches, and natural language processing. The document concludes with thanks and acknowledges limitations in scope.
The study assessed knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding emergency contraception among 366 female students in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia. The key findings were:
1) About 90.7% of respondents had heard of emergency contraception. Three-fourths (75.7%) had good knowledge and over half (64.9%) had a positive attitude.
2) Older age was significantly associated with greater awareness. Those over 18 were more likely to have good knowledge compared to younger students.
3) Age and ethnicity also influenced attitude - younger students and non-Tigre ethnic groups were less likely to have a positive attitude.
4) While knowledge and attitude were high, the study
This document describes a population-based case-control study examining the relationship between alcohol use and crash risk. A population-based case-control study is appropriate as it reduces selection bias and allows results to be generalized to the population. Data is collected through biological samples, standardized questionnaires, medical records, and employment records to minimize bias. The study analyzes how alcohol and marijuana use can increase crash risk due to impaired functioning. Driver demographics and a random sample population are examined. The results help understand how alcohol in particular may be a leading factor in traffic crashes, though other exposures could also play a role.
This document provides an introduction and tables for determining sample sizes in various health studies. It covers one-sample situations like estimating a population proportion with absolute or relative precision and hypothesis tests for a population proportion. Two-sample situations covered include estimating the difference between two population proportions and hypothesis tests for two population proportions. It also addresses case-control studies, cohort studies, lot quality assurance sampling, and incidence-rate studies. Tables of minimum sample sizes are provided for each situation.
Learning from a Class Imbalanced Public Health Dataset: a Cost-based Comparis...IJECEIAES
Public health care systems routinely collect health-related data from the population. This data can be analyzed using data mining techniques to find novel, interesting patterns, which could help formulate effective public health policies and interventions. The occurrence of chronic illness is rare in the population and the effect of this class imbalance, on the performance of various classifiers was studied. The objective of this work is to identify the best classifiers for class imbalanced health datasets through a cost-based comparison of classifier performance. The popular, open- source data mining tool WEKA, was used to build a variety of core classifiers as well as classifier ensembles, to evaluate the classifiers‟ performance. The unequal misclassification costs were represented in a cost matrix, and cost-benefit analysis was also performed. In another experiment, various sampling methods such as under-sampling, over-sampling, and SMOTE was performed to balance the class distribution in the dataset, and the costs were compared. The Bayesian classifiers performed well with a high recall, low number of false negatives and were not affected by the class imbalance. Results confirm that total cost of Bayesian classifiers can be further reduced using cost-sensitive learning methods. Classifiers built using the random under-sampled dataset showed a dramatic drop in costs and high classification accuracy.
Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module SIM on Level of Knowledge Regardin...ijtsrd
Background Fertility is the natural capability to produce offspring. A lack of fertility is infertility while a lack of fecundity would be called sterility. The term infertility is defined as the inability to conceive despite regular and unprotected intercourse for 2 years. However, risk factors such as the womans age, abnormal menstrual periods, history of pelvic inflammatory disease and whether there has been previous abdominal or pelvic surgery, history of undescended testicles may warrant earlier investigations and treatment of infertility. Couples should be aware that 80 will conceive within a year and 90 within two years if they dont use contraception and have regular intercourse.1 Materials and Methods A pre experimental has provided comparison between a group of subjects before and after the experimental treatment used for this study. The sample consisted 60 staff nurses those were working in obstetrics and gynecology department in selected hospital Haridwar . They were selected by Convenient non – probability Sampling Technique. Data was collected by using a structured knowledge questionnaire regarding recent advancement in infertility treatment. Data analysis is done by using descriptive and inferential method. Results Findings suggest that the pre test knowledge score was 15.45 ±3.88 which has increased to post test knowledge score 30.11 ±3.4. Independent sample “t†test was calculated to find the significant difference between means of pretest and post test knowledge scores. The calculated t value was 23.036 df=59 at p 0.05 . This significant improvement in the knowledge can be attributed to the intervention. Conclusion Based on the findings of the study after the implementation of self instructional module, there is a significant increase in knowledge of staff nurses regarding the recent advancement in infertility treatment. Bhawna Sharma | Priscilla John | Asha ""Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) on Level of Knowledge Regarding Recent Advancements in Infertility Treatment among the Staff Nurses Working in Obstetrics and Gynecological Departments"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22929.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/22929/effectiveness-of-self-instructional-module-sim-on-level-of-knowledge-regarding-recent-advancements-in-infertility-treatment-among-the-staff-nurses-working-in-obstetrics-and-gynecological-departments/bhawna-sharma"
This document discusses epidemiological research methods and their application to health informatics. It covers the basic principles of epidemiology including different study designs like cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, and experimental studies. Examples are provided of how these designs have been used in health informatics research to study topics like use of health IT in physician offices and relationships between variables in electronic health record data. The document also explains how to calculate measures like prevalence rates, sensitivity, specificity, odds ratios, relative risk, and incidence rates for different epidemiological study designs.
UOG Journal Club: September 2013
Value of adding second-trimester uterine artery Doppler to patient characteristics in identification of nulliparous women at increased risk for pre-eclampsia: an individual patient data meta-analysis
C. E. Kleinrouweler, P. M. M. Bossuyt, B. Thilaganathan, K. C. Vollebregt, J. Arenas Ramírez, A. Ohkuchi, K. L. Deurloo, M. Macleod, A. E. Diab, H. Wolf, J. A. M. van der Post, B. W. J. Mol and E. Pajkrt
Volume 42, Issue 3, Date: September 2013, pages 257–267
Link to the free-access article:
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/uog.12435/abstract
This document provides a summary and review of notable publications in translational bioinformatics from approximately 2014 to early 2015. It begins with an introduction and overview of the goals and process for selecting publications. Several key topics and publications are then highlighted, including precision medicine and clinical prediction models, variation analysis, cancer genomics, clinical applications of genomics, pharmacogenomics, systems biology approaches, and natural language processing. The document concludes with thanks and acknowledges limitations in scope.
The study assessed knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding emergency contraception among 366 female students in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia. The key findings were:
1) About 90.7% of respondents had heard of emergency contraception. Three-fourths (75.7%) had good knowledge and over half (64.9%) had a positive attitude.
2) Older age was significantly associated with greater awareness. Those over 18 were more likely to have good knowledge compared to younger students.
3) Age and ethnicity also influenced attitude - younger students and non-Tigre ethnic groups were less likely to have a positive attitude.
4) While knowledge and attitude were high, the study
This document describes a population-based case-control study examining the relationship between alcohol use and crash risk. A population-based case-control study is appropriate as it reduces selection bias and allows results to be generalized to the population. Data is collected through biological samples, standardized questionnaires, medical records, and employment records to minimize bias. The study analyzes how alcohol and marijuana use can increase crash risk due to impaired functioning. Driver demographics and a random sample population are examined. The results help understand how alcohol in particular may be a leading factor in traffic crashes, though other exposures could also play a role.
This document provides an introduction and tables for determining sample sizes in various health studies. It covers one-sample situations like estimating a population proportion with absolute or relative precision and hypothesis tests for a population proportion. Two-sample situations covered include estimating the difference between two population proportions and hypothesis tests for two population proportions. It also addresses case-control studies, cohort studies, lot quality assurance sampling, and incidence-rate studies. Tables of minimum sample sizes are provided for each situation.
Risk factors and treatment seeking behavior of Tuberculosis In Selected Stat...PRAKASAM C P
This document analyzes risk factors and treatment seeking behavior for tuberculosis (TB) in four Indian states using data from the National Family Health Survey 3 (NFHS-3). The key points are:
1. The prevalence of TB was highest in Tamil Nadu and among males, older age groups, and rural populations.
2. Risk factors for TB included poor housing conditions, cooking with biomass fuels, and behaviors like smoking and drinking. Wealth, education, and urban residence were protective.
3. Treatment seeking varied by state, with households in Andhra Pradesh least likely to use government facilities for TB care. Private providers remained the primary source of care overall.
Does Utilization of Antenatal Care Reduces Reproductive Risk? A Case Study o...PRAKASAM C P
This paper examines the utilization of antenatal care and out come of pregnancy and delivery complications (Reproductive risk) among currently married women in Andhra Pradesh, India. Data for this study were collected from DLHS-RCH-3 for Andhra Pradesh. Pregnancy outcome has been collected for all deliveries from the currently married women and the utilisation of ANC, health seeing behavior, pregnancy problems during and problems during delivery which have been considered as reproductive risk and analysed for the last child data. Reproductive history of 19825 deliveries for Andhra Pradesh form data set. Analysis has been carried out in three stages. Initially Pregnancy loss and its ANC and treatment seeking behavior have been analysed. At the second stage pregnancy complications and delivery complications for the last delivery in relation to outcome has been analysed for Andhra Pradesh data. At the third stage interrelation between Pregnancy out come and reproductive risk has been analysed by using logistic regression. Further influence of background variables on reproductive loss and treatment seeking behavior has been analysed. The results revealed that women experience still birth in Andhra Pradesh found to be around 2.9. Further results revealed that women who had utilized antenatal care services found to have less risk in delivering last child than other. Maternal age and husband occupation played significant influence in utilization of health care services leading to safe delivery in these two selected states.
Study on utilization of antenatal care and outcome of pregnancy in a medical ...Su Dipta
- Antenatal care is important for both mother and baby's health during pregnancy. It involves medical supervision, screening tests, education, and management or referral of any health conditions.
- The document discusses the aims, components, and importance of antenatal care. It also presents data on antenatal care utilization and pregnancy outcomes in West Bengal, India. Key findings include over 50% of women receiving at least 3 antenatal visits and getting recommended tests.
- Ensuring quality antenatal care through multiple visits, screenings and education can help prevent complications and lower maternal and infant mortality rates.
A Study to Identify the Post Partum Complications among Post Natal Mothers in...ijtsrd
Complications in early post natal periods may lead many issues such as breast engorgement, perineal pain, constipation, and urine incontinence. Postpartum complications contribute to a lot of maternal morbidity. A Descriptive study was conducted to identify the post partum complications among post natal mothers. The study was conducted on 120 post natal mothers who were selected using convenient sampling technique. The study was explained to participants and consent was taken. Data were collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire and self reported practice check list. Homogeneity was maintained for demographic variables. The result showed Identification of post partum complications shows that that in perineal pain, pain in perineal area 45 . In constipation, difficulty to express stool 33.33 , a sense that everything didn’t come out 33.33 , hard or small stool 20.83 . In breast engorgement, 20.83 mothers reported pain and swelling in breast, hardness in breast 20 and flat nipple 15 . In urine incontinence, intense urge of urine 2.5 . Himani Bora | Kanchan Bala | Laxmi Kumar "A Study to Identify the Post-Partum Complications among Post Natal Mothers in Selected Hospital of Dehradun, Uttarakhand" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/33524/a-study-to-identify-the-postpartum-complications-among-post-natal-mothers-in-selected-hospital-of-dehradun-uttarakhand/himani-bora
Lscs audit in a tertiary care center in mumbai to study indications and risk...Papri Sarkar
This study analyzed 474 cesarean section cases performed over 6 months at a tertiary hospital in Mumbai, India. The overall cesarean rate was 25.7%, and primary cesarean rate was 23.1%. Previous cesarean section was the leading indication (35.2% of cases), followed by fetal distress (14.9%) and previous 2 cesareans (10.5%). Early perinatal mortality was 1.6% and morbidity from NICU admission was 20.8%. Highest morbidity occurred in babies delivered for fetal distress, multiple pregnancy, and premature rupture of membranes. Careful evaluation of indications and individualization can help reduce early perinatal morbidity and mortality.
A study to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of informationAlexander Decker
This study evaluated the effectiveness of an information booklet on emergency contraception in increasing women's knowledge about the topic. 50 women were surveyed before and after reading the booklet. The results showed that the booklet significantly increased women's knowledge across all domains, with post-test scores being significantly higher than pre-test scores. The booklet was also found to have high acceptability and be useful for enhancing women's knowledge of emergency contraception. The researchers concluded that the information booklet was effective in improving knowledge, but that further studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
Timeliness of Malaria Treatment in Children Under Five Years of Age in sub-Sa...MEASURE Evaluation
This study analyzed national survey data from 12 sub-Saharan African countries to assess the timeliness of malaria treatment for children under 5. It found that overall, 63% of children received prompt antimalarial treatment within 24 hours of fever onset. Maternal education level, household wealth, and country of residence were key predictors of timely treatment access. Children with higher-educated and wealthier mothers and those living in Mozambique, Zanzibar, Malawi, Rwanda, Senegal and Tanzania were most likely to receive prompt and effective malaria treatment.
Misconceptions about Oral Contraceptive Pill Used Among Women at Primary Heal...iosrjce
This document summarizes a study that examined misconceptions about oral contraceptive pills among women in Holy Karbala City, Iraq. The study involved a survey of 200 women attending primary health care centers. The survey assessed demographic information, reproductive histories, and levels of agreement with statements about potential consequences of oral contraceptive use. The results found that most participants were between 21-35 years old, housewives, and had primary education or less. Regarding reproductive histories, most had 1-2 pregnancies and deliveries. Assessment of misconceptions showed that over 50% of participants believed myths such as oral contraceptives causing nervousness or infertility. However, participants correctly understood the effectiveness of oral contraceptives in preventing pregnancy
Great article on how to integrate machine learning and optimization technique.
One group of researchers was able to reduce heart failure readmissions by 35% by combining machine learning and decision science technique, see "Data-driven decisions for reducing readmissions for heart failure: general methodology and case study" (Bayati, et. al., 2014).
Does the perception of trust in the usefulness or ease of use of a HIS (Healt...Monica Barrowman MacFadyen
The document summarizes a study that examined how nurses' perceptions of a health information system's (HIS) usefulness (independent variable 1) and ease of use (independent variable 2) influence their usage of the HIS (dependent variable 1). The study found significant positive correlations between both independent variables and usage. It also found females had higher usage than males and differed significantly on all three variables. The study concludes that perceived ease of use has a greater influence on usage than perceived usefulness, and identifies ease of use as a key factor for developers to consider when designing HIS systems.
One of the areas which creates satisfaction in individuals is their work life. Lack of job satisfaction causes negative feelings within an individual. Low job satisfaction can have negative effects such as resigning or absenteeism from work, arriving late at work and working slowly. For this reason, it is important to investigate job satisfaction levels and the factors affecting this in midwives giving health services. This work was carried out with the aim of detemining the relationship between the levels of job satisfaction in midwives and some socio-demographic characteristics of the job satisfaction levels. Within the framework of this descriptive study, 106 midwives who worked within the Sivas province and agreed to participate in this study were studied. Data were collected using ‘Socio-Demographic Questionnaire for Midwives’ and ‘Scale of Job Satifaction in Nursing’. The data collected from the research were analysed using the Kruskal Wallis, Student t and Mann-Whitney U tests within the SPSS 10.0 computer program. The average general job satisfaction points of the midwives was 47.08 ± 15.52. The average job satisfaction levels in midwives who chose the occupation themselves, wanted to be in the profession and found that midwifery suited them were found to be high at a significant level (p<0.05).>0.05). It was established that the organisation they work at, length of working life, whether they had worked continuously or had a break from work, weekly working hours, way of working and amount of individuals to whom care was given did not affect their job satisfaction point averages (p>0.05). It was also determined that the general job satisfaction point average levels were not affected by whether they had children or not, the number of children they had and the age of the youngest child (p>0.05). In contrast, the job satisfaction levels of midwives who worked in hospitals in terms of the possibility of development and working conditions were significantly higher than midwives who worked at health centres (p<0.05). Job satisfaction levels in midwives who chose the occupation themselves, wanted to be in the profession and found that midwifery suited them were high. Midwives who worked in hospitals who had the possibility of development and different working conditions had greater job satisfaction than midwives who worked at health centres. The remaining socio-demographic charateristics did not affect job satisfaction in the midwives.
This document discusses evidence-based medicine (EBM) and its importance in helping clinicians navigate the vast amount of medical information available. It defines EBM as integrating the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. The document outlines the stages of EBM, from identifying a clinical problem to implementing evidence in patient care. It also discusses resources for finding evidence, barriers to EBM, and the benefits it provides like improving patient outcomes and reducing unnecessary treatment.
Comparative cost effectiveness of two interventions to promote work functioni...Cindy Noben
1. The study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of two interventions to improve work functioning among nurses with mental health issues: screening followed by referral to an occupational physician, and screening followed by e-mental health interventions.
2. At 6-month follow-up, work functioning improved in 20%, 24%, and 16% of nurses in the control, occupational physician, and e-mental health groups, respectively. The occupational physician intervention had lower average annual costs per nurse (€1,266) compared to the control (€1,752) and e-mental health (€1,375) groups.
3. The occupational physician intervention dominated the control intervention, meaning it achieved better outcomes at lower costs,
This document describes the development of a clinical audit tool to measure processes of pregnancy care. It discusses:
- The need to measure processes of care, not just outcomes, to evaluate quality of healthcare.
- How the tool was developed using literature on clinical audit methodology and local clinical standards for pregnancy care.
- How focus groups with stakeholders were used to engage them in the project and refine the methodology.
- That the tool was tested on 354 health records and found to have high inter-rater reliability, showing it is a robust way to measure adherence to clinical standards.
Performance Analysis of Data Mining Methods for Sexually Transmitted Disease ...IJECEIAES
According to health reports of Malang city, many people are exposed to sexually transmitted diseases and most sufferers are not aware of the symptoms. Malang city being known as a city of education so that every year the population number increases, it is at risk of increasing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases virus. This problem is important to be solved to treat earlier sufferers sexually transmitted diseases virus in order to reduce the burden of patient spending. In this research, authors conduct data mining methods to classifying sexually transmitted diseases. From the experiment result shows that K-NN is the best method for solve this problem with 90% accuracy.
Prescription Event Monitoring & Record Linkage SystemsSatish Veerla
- Prescription-Event Monitoring (PEM) is a non-interventional observational cohort technique used to study the safety of new medications prescribed by general practitioners. It involves collecting data on all clinical events reported by patients after being prescribed a new drug.
- PEM provides clinically useful safety information as it establishes incidence densities for all reported events during treatment with the monitored drug based on data collected from the first 5,000-18,000 prescriptions. This allows for comparisons of event rates before and after drug use.
- While PEM provides nationally representative data on new drugs in real-world settings, it also has disadvantages like an inability to measure compliance or determine use of non-prescription medications.
importance of biostatics in modern reasearchsana sana
This document discusses the role of biostatistics in modern research. It begins by defining statistics and biostatistics, noting that biostatistics is the application of statistical methods to biological problems. It then provides examples of how biostatistics is used across various fields, including community medicine, cancer research, pharmacology, ecology, demography, genetics, and more. Key applications mentioned include clinical trials and research, determining treatment efficacy, analyzing data from advanced technologies, and making inferences from genetic and population data.
Ezz eazy biostatistics for crash courseBasalama Ali
This document discusses the importance of statistical significance and p-values in hypothesis testing. It explains that the p-value is the probability of observing results as extreme or more extreme than what was actually observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true. A lower p-value provides stronger evidence against the null hypothesis. The decision to reject the null hypothesis depends on comparing the p-value to the pre-determined significance level (alpha), typically 0.05. If the p-value is less than the significance level, then the result is considered statistically significant and the null hypothesis can be rejected.
This document discusses the development of a scoring system to evaluate qualitative research evidence for inclusion in clinical practice guidelines. It describes:
1) The history of evidence-based clinical practice guideline development and the need to systematically evaluate both qualitative and quantitative research.
2) How the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN) developed guidelines for managing the second stage of labor, which led to the need for a qualitative research scoring system.
3) The process used by AWHONN to create a 5-category scoring system based on qualitative research evaluation criteria, allowing qualitative studies to be ranked by level of evidence. This included pilot testing and refinement of the
This document discusses the role of statistics in medicine. It defines statistics as the science of collecting, summarizing, presenting and interpreting data to estimate associations and test hypotheses. The document outlines the two major types of statistics as descriptive statistics, which involves collecting and summarizing data, and inferential statistics, which draws inferences from samples. It emphasizes the importance of statistics in medicine for evidence-based practices, establishing causality, disease prevention and control, and aiding the identification of clinical syndromes.
This study aimed to determine factors influencing breast self-examination (BSE) behaviors in Iranian women using the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) framework. A questionnaire was administered to 410 women aged 40-65 years in Tehran, Iran assessing demographics, knowledge of breast cancer, PMT constructs, and BSE practices. Results found significant positive correlations between knowledge of breast cancer and self-efficacy, response efficacy, and protection motivation for BSE. The study concludes that PMT can be used as an educational framework to improve BSE behaviors in women by addressing perceptions of vulnerability, threat, and ability to successfully perform BSE.
The document summarizes a study that assessed nurses and midwives' knowledge about Pap smear tests in Baghdad city hospitals. It found that the nurses and midwives had generally low and unacceptable knowledge about Pap smears. There were no significant associations found between their knowledge and demographic factors like age, education level, or experience. The study recommends improved education and training for healthcare providers on Pap smears to increase awareness and better implement cervical cancer screening guidelines.
Risk factors and treatment seeking behavior of Tuberculosis In Selected Stat...PRAKASAM C P
This document analyzes risk factors and treatment seeking behavior for tuberculosis (TB) in four Indian states using data from the National Family Health Survey 3 (NFHS-3). The key points are:
1. The prevalence of TB was highest in Tamil Nadu and among males, older age groups, and rural populations.
2. Risk factors for TB included poor housing conditions, cooking with biomass fuels, and behaviors like smoking and drinking. Wealth, education, and urban residence were protective.
3. Treatment seeking varied by state, with households in Andhra Pradesh least likely to use government facilities for TB care. Private providers remained the primary source of care overall.
Does Utilization of Antenatal Care Reduces Reproductive Risk? A Case Study o...PRAKASAM C P
This paper examines the utilization of antenatal care and out come of pregnancy and delivery complications (Reproductive risk) among currently married women in Andhra Pradesh, India. Data for this study were collected from DLHS-RCH-3 for Andhra Pradesh. Pregnancy outcome has been collected for all deliveries from the currently married women and the utilisation of ANC, health seeing behavior, pregnancy problems during and problems during delivery which have been considered as reproductive risk and analysed for the last child data. Reproductive history of 19825 deliveries for Andhra Pradesh form data set. Analysis has been carried out in three stages. Initially Pregnancy loss and its ANC and treatment seeking behavior have been analysed. At the second stage pregnancy complications and delivery complications for the last delivery in relation to outcome has been analysed for Andhra Pradesh data. At the third stage interrelation between Pregnancy out come and reproductive risk has been analysed by using logistic regression. Further influence of background variables on reproductive loss and treatment seeking behavior has been analysed. The results revealed that women experience still birth in Andhra Pradesh found to be around 2.9. Further results revealed that women who had utilized antenatal care services found to have less risk in delivering last child than other. Maternal age and husband occupation played significant influence in utilization of health care services leading to safe delivery in these two selected states.
Study on utilization of antenatal care and outcome of pregnancy in a medical ...Su Dipta
- Antenatal care is important for both mother and baby's health during pregnancy. It involves medical supervision, screening tests, education, and management or referral of any health conditions.
- The document discusses the aims, components, and importance of antenatal care. It also presents data on antenatal care utilization and pregnancy outcomes in West Bengal, India. Key findings include over 50% of women receiving at least 3 antenatal visits and getting recommended tests.
- Ensuring quality antenatal care through multiple visits, screenings and education can help prevent complications and lower maternal and infant mortality rates.
A Study to Identify the Post Partum Complications among Post Natal Mothers in...ijtsrd
Complications in early post natal periods may lead many issues such as breast engorgement, perineal pain, constipation, and urine incontinence. Postpartum complications contribute to a lot of maternal morbidity. A Descriptive study was conducted to identify the post partum complications among post natal mothers. The study was conducted on 120 post natal mothers who were selected using convenient sampling technique. The study was explained to participants and consent was taken. Data were collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire and self reported practice check list. Homogeneity was maintained for demographic variables. The result showed Identification of post partum complications shows that that in perineal pain, pain in perineal area 45 . In constipation, difficulty to express stool 33.33 , a sense that everything didn’t come out 33.33 , hard or small stool 20.83 . In breast engorgement, 20.83 mothers reported pain and swelling in breast, hardness in breast 20 and flat nipple 15 . In urine incontinence, intense urge of urine 2.5 . Himani Bora | Kanchan Bala | Laxmi Kumar "A Study to Identify the Post-Partum Complications among Post Natal Mothers in Selected Hospital of Dehradun, Uttarakhand" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/33524/a-study-to-identify-the-postpartum-complications-among-post-natal-mothers-in-selected-hospital-of-dehradun-uttarakhand/himani-bora
Lscs audit in a tertiary care center in mumbai to study indications and risk...Papri Sarkar
This study analyzed 474 cesarean section cases performed over 6 months at a tertiary hospital in Mumbai, India. The overall cesarean rate was 25.7%, and primary cesarean rate was 23.1%. Previous cesarean section was the leading indication (35.2% of cases), followed by fetal distress (14.9%) and previous 2 cesareans (10.5%). Early perinatal mortality was 1.6% and morbidity from NICU admission was 20.8%. Highest morbidity occurred in babies delivered for fetal distress, multiple pregnancy, and premature rupture of membranes. Careful evaluation of indications and individualization can help reduce early perinatal morbidity and mortality.
A study to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of informationAlexander Decker
This study evaluated the effectiveness of an information booklet on emergency contraception in increasing women's knowledge about the topic. 50 women were surveyed before and after reading the booklet. The results showed that the booklet significantly increased women's knowledge across all domains, with post-test scores being significantly higher than pre-test scores. The booklet was also found to have high acceptability and be useful for enhancing women's knowledge of emergency contraception. The researchers concluded that the information booklet was effective in improving knowledge, but that further studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
Timeliness of Malaria Treatment in Children Under Five Years of Age in sub-Sa...MEASURE Evaluation
This study analyzed national survey data from 12 sub-Saharan African countries to assess the timeliness of malaria treatment for children under 5. It found that overall, 63% of children received prompt antimalarial treatment within 24 hours of fever onset. Maternal education level, household wealth, and country of residence were key predictors of timely treatment access. Children with higher-educated and wealthier mothers and those living in Mozambique, Zanzibar, Malawi, Rwanda, Senegal and Tanzania were most likely to receive prompt and effective malaria treatment.
Misconceptions about Oral Contraceptive Pill Used Among Women at Primary Heal...iosrjce
This document summarizes a study that examined misconceptions about oral contraceptive pills among women in Holy Karbala City, Iraq. The study involved a survey of 200 women attending primary health care centers. The survey assessed demographic information, reproductive histories, and levels of agreement with statements about potential consequences of oral contraceptive use. The results found that most participants were between 21-35 years old, housewives, and had primary education or less. Regarding reproductive histories, most had 1-2 pregnancies and deliveries. Assessment of misconceptions showed that over 50% of participants believed myths such as oral contraceptives causing nervousness or infertility. However, participants correctly understood the effectiveness of oral contraceptives in preventing pregnancy
Great article on how to integrate machine learning and optimization technique.
One group of researchers was able to reduce heart failure readmissions by 35% by combining machine learning and decision science technique, see "Data-driven decisions for reducing readmissions for heart failure: general methodology and case study" (Bayati, et. al., 2014).
Does the perception of trust in the usefulness or ease of use of a HIS (Healt...Monica Barrowman MacFadyen
The document summarizes a study that examined how nurses' perceptions of a health information system's (HIS) usefulness (independent variable 1) and ease of use (independent variable 2) influence their usage of the HIS (dependent variable 1). The study found significant positive correlations between both independent variables and usage. It also found females had higher usage than males and differed significantly on all three variables. The study concludes that perceived ease of use has a greater influence on usage than perceived usefulness, and identifies ease of use as a key factor for developers to consider when designing HIS systems.
One of the areas which creates satisfaction in individuals is their work life. Lack of job satisfaction causes negative feelings within an individual. Low job satisfaction can have negative effects such as resigning or absenteeism from work, arriving late at work and working slowly. For this reason, it is important to investigate job satisfaction levels and the factors affecting this in midwives giving health services. This work was carried out with the aim of detemining the relationship between the levels of job satisfaction in midwives and some socio-demographic characteristics of the job satisfaction levels. Within the framework of this descriptive study, 106 midwives who worked within the Sivas province and agreed to participate in this study were studied. Data were collected using ‘Socio-Demographic Questionnaire for Midwives’ and ‘Scale of Job Satifaction in Nursing’. The data collected from the research were analysed using the Kruskal Wallis, Student t and Mann-Whitney U tests within the SPSS 10.0 computer program. The average general job satisfaction points of the midwives was 47.08 ± 15.52. The average job satisfaction levels in midwives who chose the occupation themselves, wanted to be in the profession and found that midwifery suited them were found to be high at a significant level (p<0.05).>0.05). It was established that the organisation they work at, length of working life, whether they had worked continuously or had a break from work, weekly working hours, way of working and amount of individuals to whom care was given did not affect their job satisfaction point averages (p>0.05). It was also determined that the general job satisfaction point average levels were not affected by whether they had children or not, the number of children they had and the age of the youngest child (p>0.05). In contrast, the job satisfaction levels of midwives who worked in hospitals in terms of the possibility of development and working conditions were significantly higher than midwives who worked at health centres (p<0.05). Job satisfaction levels in midwives who chose the occupation themselves, wanted to be in the profession and found that midwifery suited them were high. Midwives who worked in hospitals who had the possibility of development and different working conditions had greater job satisfaction than midwives who worked at health centres. The remaining socio-demographic charateristics did not affect job satisfaction in the midwives.
This document discusses evidence-based medicine (EBM) and its importance in helping clinicians navigate the vast amount of medical information available. It defines EBM as integrating the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. The document outlines the stages of EBM, from identifying a clinical problem to implementing evidence in patient care. It also discusses resources for finding evidence, barriers to EBM, and the benefits it provides like improving patient outcomes and reducing unnecessary treatment.
Comparative cost effectiveness of two interventions to promote work functioni...Cindy Noben
1. The study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of two interventions to improve work functioning among nurses with mental health issues: screening followed by referral to an occupational physician, and screening followed by e-mental health interventions.
2. At 6-month follow-up, work functioning improved in 20%, 24%, and 16% of nurses in the control, occupational physician, and e-mental health groups, respectively. The occupational physician intervention had lower average annual costs per nurse (€1,266) compared to the control (€1,752) and e-mental health (€1,375) groups.
3. The occupational physician intervention dominated the control intervention, meaning it achieved better outcomes at lower costs,
This document describes the development of a clinical audit tool to measure processes of pregnancy care. It discusses:
- The need to measure processes of care, not just outcomes, to evaluate quality of healthcare.
- How the tool was developed using literature on clinical audit methodology and local clinical standards for pregnancy care.
- How focus groups with stakeholders were used to engage them in the project and refine the methodology.
- That the tool was tested on 354 health records and found to have high inter-rater reliability, showing it is a robust way to measure adherence to clinical standards.
Performance Analysis of Data Mining Methods for Sexually Transmitted Disease ...IJECEIAES
According to health reports of Malang city, many people are exposed to sexually transmitted diseases and most sufferers are not aware of the symptoms. Malang city being known as a city of education so that every year the population number increases, it is at risk of increasing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases virus. This problem is important to be solved to treat earlier sufferers sexually transmitted diseases virus in order to reduce the burden of patient spending. In this research, authors conduct data mining methods to classifying sexually transmitted diseases. From the experiment result shows that K-NN is the best method for solve this problem with 90% accuracy.
Prescription Event Monitoring & Record Linkage SystemsSatish Veerla
- Prescription-Event Monitoring (PEM) is a non-interventional observational cohort technique used to study the safety of new medications prescribed by general practitioners. It involves collecting data on all clinical events reported by patients after being prescribed a new drug.
- PEM provides clinically useful safety information as it establishes incidence densities for all reported events during treatment with the monitored drug based on data collected from the first 5,000-18,000 prescriptions. This allows for comparisons of event rates before and after drug use.
- While PEM provides nationally representative data on new drugs in real-world settings, it also has disadvantages like an inability to measure compliance or determine use of non-prescription medications.
importance of biostatics in modern reasearchsana sana
This document discusses the role of biostatistics in modern research. It begins by defining statistics and biostatistics, noting that biostatistics is the application of statistical methods to biological problems. It then provides examples of how biostatistics is used across various fields, including community medicine, cancer research, pharmacology, ecology, demography, genetics, and more. Key applications mentioned include clinical trials and research, determining treatment efficacy, analyzing data from advanced technologies, and making inferences from genetic and population data.
Ezz eazy biostatistics for crash courseBasalama Ali
This document discusses the importance of statistical significance and p-values in hypothesis testing. It explains that the p-value is the probability of observing results as extreme or more extreme than what was actually observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true. A lower p-value provides stronger evidence against the null hypothesis. The decision to reject the null hypothesis depends on comparing the p-value to the pre-determined significance level (alpha), typically 0.05. If the p-value is less than the significance level, then the result is considered statistically significant and the null hypothesis can be rejected.
This document discusses the development of a scoring system to evaluate qualitative research evidence for inclusion in clinical practice guidelines. It describes:
1) The history of evidence-based clinical practice guideline development and the need to systematically evaluate both qualitative and quantitative research.
2) How the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN) developed guidelines for managing the second stage of labor, which led to the need for a qualitative research scoring system.
3) The process used by AWHONN to create a 5-category scoring system based on qualitative research evaluation criteria, allowing qualitative studies to be ranked by level of evidence. This included pilot testing and refinement of the
This document discusses the role of statistics in medicine. It defines statistics as the science of collecting, summarizing, presenting and interpreting data to estimate associations and test hypotheses. The document outlines the two major types of statistics as descriptive statistics, which involves collecting and summarizing data, and inferential statistics, which draws inferences from samples. It emphasizes the importance of statistics in medicine for evidence-based practices, establishing causality, disease prevention and control, and aiding the identification of clinical syndromes.
This study aimed to determine factors influencing breast self-examination (BSE) behaviors in Iranian women using the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) framework. A questionnaire was administered to 410 women aged 40-65 years in Tehran, Iran assessing demographics, knowledge of breast cancer, PMT constructs, and BSE practices. Results found significant positive correlations between knowledge of breast cancer and self-efficacy, response efficacy, and protection motivation for BSE. The study concludes that PMT can be used as an educational framework to improve BSE behaviors in women by addressing perceptions of vulnerability, threat, and ability to successfully perform BSE.
The document summarizes a study that assessed nurses and midwives' knowledge about Pap smear tests in Baghdad city hospitals. It found that the nurses and midwives had generally low and unacceptable knowledge about Pap smears. There were no significant associations found between their knowledge and demographic factors like age, education level, or experience. The study recommends improved education and training for healthcare providers on Pap smears to increase awareness and better implement cervical cancer screening guidelines.
This study examined factors influencing breast cancer screening behaviors using the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) framework. A survey was administered to 410 women in Tehran, Iran measuring PMT constructs and breast self-examination (BSE) practices. Results showed most women had low breast cancer knowledge. Higher education was associated with greater perceived risk, response efficacy, and self-efficacy. Knowledge of BSE and a family history of breast cancer predicted increased BSE. Greater knowledge correlated with higher self-efficacy, response efficacy, and protection motivation for BSE. The study supports using PMT to develop interventions to improve breast cancer screening.
LITERATURE SELECTION2LITERATURE SELECTION6Lite.docxSHIVA101531
LITERATURE SELECTION 2
LITERATURE SELECTION 6
Literature Selection
Augustina Ferguson
Grand Canyon University: NRS-441V
August 30, 2015
Running head: LITERATURE SELECTION 1
Literature Selection
#1
Nwaru, B. I., & Hemminki, E (2011). Infant Care practice in rural China and their relation to prenatal care utilization.Global Public Health, 6(1), 1- 14.doi:10.1080/17441691003667307.
How does each article describe the nature of the problem, issue, or deficit you have identified?
Studies describing postpartum childcare practices and the influence of prenatal care on infant care outcomes in rural China are scarce. Inadequate care was positively associated with never breastfeeding, early introduction of milk formula and cereal/porridge, and early start of work after delivery.
Does each article provide statistical information to demonstrate the gravity of the issue, problem, or deficit?
Yes! Data were available from a Knowledge, Attitude and Perception cross-sectional survey collected from 2001 to 2003, after a prenatal care intervention in Anhui County, China, with a response rate of 97%.
What are example(s) of morbidity, mortality, and rate of incidence or rate of occurrence in the general population?
None Identified
Does each article support your proposed change?
Yes, it does
#2
Udgiri, R., K. J., S., & Sorganvi, V. (2015). Breast Feeding Practices among Postnatal Mothers-a Hospital based Study. Journal of Advanced Scientific Research, 6(1), 10-13. Grand Canyon University Library. (2015). Research & Resource LopeSearch. Retrieved from http://library.gcu.edu/
How does each article describe the nature of the problem, issue, or deficit you have identified?
It assesses the knowledge and practices of mothers about breastfeeding Practices Cross- sectional study was carried out for a period of one month.
Does each article provide statistical information to demonstrate the gravity of the issue, problem, or deficit?
A total of 162 postnatal mothers admitted in postnatal ward constitute the sample size. The data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 16th version. The study shows that 21(12.9%) of the babies were feed with prelacteal feeds like honey and sugar water.
What are example(s) of morbidity, mortality, and rate of incidence or rate of occurrence in the general population?
None was identified.
Does each article support your proposed change?
Yes.
# 3
Geçkil, E., Şahin, T., & Tunçdemir, A. (2012). The Effect of * The Following and Supporting Breast-feeding Programme*, That Is Applied by Family Health Staff, on The Mother's Effective Breastfeeding Behaviors in The First Six Months of The Post-Birth Period. (English)
How does each article describe the nature of the problem, issue, or deficit you have identified?
This study investigates the effect of the education and observation of supporting breast-feeding programme that is applied by family health staff on the mothers of the post birt ...
This document summarizes a study that used multilevel logistic regression to identify individual and community level factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding among infants under six months in Ethiopia. The study used 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data including 1,185 infants. Results found that at the individual level, factors like infant age, sex, health issues, household wealth, and antenatal care were associated with exclusive breastfeeding. At the community level, region, postnatal care visits, and maternal employment were associated factors. Both individual and community factors explained around 47% of the variation in exclusive breastfeeding.
This study assessed the prevalence of neonatal sepsis and associated risk factors among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) at two hospitals in Ethiopia from February 2016 to February 2017. The overall prevalence of neonatal sepsis was found to be 77.9%. Age of neonates, birth asphyxia, and use of oxygen via mask were significantly associated with increased risk of neonatal sepsis. The study recommends focusing prevention efforts on modifiable risk factors to reduce neonatal sepsis.
Ovid 'kangaroo mother care' to prevent neonatal deaths due to preterm birth ...Rosalinda Acuña
This review found that Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), which involves continuous skin-to-skin contact between a mother and premature baby, substantially reduces neonatal mortality and morbidity compared to conventional care. The review included 15 studies with over 10,000 participants. Meta-analyses found that KMC significantly reduced the risk of death by 51% based on RCTs and 32% based on observational studies. It also significantly reduced the risk of serious health issues like respiratory distress by 66%. While some results depended on modeling assumptions, the authors concluded KMC is highly effective in improving outcomes for preterm babies.
Ovid 'kangaroo mother care' to prevent neonatal deaths due to preterm birth ...Rosalinda Acuña
This review found that Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), which involves continuous skin-to-skin contact between a mother and premature baby, substantially reduces neonatal mortality and morbidity compared to conventional care. The review included 15 studies with over 10,000 participants. It found that KMC reduced the risk of death by 51% based on randomized trials and 32% based on observational studies. It also reduced the risk of serious health issues like respiratory distress by 66%. While some results depended on modeling assumptions, the authors concluded KMC is highly effective in improving outcomes for preterm babies.
Nurses' Knowledge Concerning Neuroblastoma in Children at Oncology Units in B...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice.The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Magnitude of neonatal near miss and associated factors among neonates born in public hospitals in Harari region, eastern Ethiopia.
The study assessed the magnitude of neonatal near miss (NNM) and associated factors among neonates born in two public hospitals over 2 months. The overall NNM was 31.42%, higher than some previous Ethiopian studies. Key factors associated with increased odds of NNM included mothers being referred from other facilities, primiparity, lack of antenatal care, antepartum hemorrhage, obstructed labor, premature rupture of membranes, and non-vertex fetal presentation. The findings can help improve neonatal care and outcomes in the region by addressing delays in care-seeking and quality of referral
Household survey as a tool for training medical students in measuring public ...Alim A-H Yacoub Lovers
Habib OS, Ajeel NAH, Yacoub AAH. Household surveys as a tool for training medical students in measuring population health. The Iraqi Journal of Community Medicine 2002; 15: 5-8.
This document describes a study that tested the reliability of a German questionnaire about how general practitioners manage and communicate about female urinary incontinence. 16 general practitioners completed the questionnaire twice, 4 weeks apart. The questionnaire included questions on managing urinary incontinence, communicating about it, practice structure, and personal details. Most items showed high or moderate reliability between responses. However, two items showed low reliability: satisfaction with urinary incontinence management and barriers to discussing it. The researchers recommend revising these items before using the questionnaire in future studies to improve reliability. Overall, the questionnaire seems to reliably assess general practitioners' handling of female urinary incontinence.
UTILIZATION OF IMMUNIZATION SERVICES AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE I...AM Publications
Immunization is the key strategy to curb communicable diseases which are the number one killer of children under five. Immunization prevents mortalities of approximating three million children under five annually. This study aimed to assess utilization of immunization services among children under five of age in Kirinyaga County, Kenya.
Health System Factors Affecting Uptake of Antenatal Care by Women of Reproduc...Premier Publishers
This study sought to determine how health system factors affect antenatal care services uptake. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted. The population under study was selected household members of the community, facility in charges as well as community own resource persons in Kisumu county. The study used purposive sampling method in selecting the Key Informants. A total sample size of 300 respondents were interviewed. The study used an interview and questionnaires to collect data. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to analyse data with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Chi-square analysis showed that distance to facility (p=0.043), waiting time (p=0.012), means of transport used (p=0.016), perceived quality of services (p=0.000) and perceived attitude of service provider (p=0.000) were significant as pertains to number of ANC visits. The study concluded that health system factors affect uptake of ANC. Specifically, lack long distance to hospital, long waiting time, poor quality of services, commodity stock outs and poor attitude of staff. The combination of these factors reduced uptake of ANC. The study recommended integration of traditional birth attendants, community health workers and health care workers services, regular ANC Outreaches and better equipping of rural health facilities.
Assessment of Factors that affect male partner involvement in emergency obste...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Assessment of Factors that affect male partner involvement in emergency obstetric care in Fortportal Regional referral hospital
Norah, Ngami Mutuku
Department of Medicine, Kampala International University, Uganda.
________________________________________
ABSTRACT
Male partner involvement has been recognized as a key factor in improving maternal health and reducing maternal mortality in settings where men play key roles in decision making in the household. Male partner involvement is one of the strategies that can be used to accelerate the decline in maternal mortality and improve maternal health. The objective of this study was to determine the level of male partner involvement in emergency obstetric care and/or came from home in labour and identify factors that influenced their involvement. A cross-sectional survey using interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was conducted among 150 women aged 18 years. Male involvement was measured using a composite measure of 5 key points. Pearson Chi-Square was used to test association between the various factors and the level of male involvement and logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the influence of these factors on the level of male involvement. The mean age of participants was 32.9 years (SD=8.2). Overall, 26.4% had high level of involvement, 55.2% had moderate level of involvement and 18.4% had low level of involvement. The period with the highest proportion of high male involvement was during labour and delivery. Younger age (18-25years vs. 26-35years: OR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.12, 0.66) and the couple living with other family members negatively impacted on the level of male involvement. On the other hand, higher level of education (Tertiary: OR=40.57, 95%CI- 3.16, 520.32; Senior Secondary: OR=7.73, 95% CI- 1.61, 37.15) and the couple living together (OR= 13.12, 95%CI 6.86, 25.08) had a positive influence on the level of male involvement. Healthcare institution barriers to male partner involvement included poor staff attitudes, restrictions on male access to labour and delivery rooms and unwelcoming health facility environment. Male involvement in emergency obstetric care and/or came from home in labour was not optimal. Improving male-friendliness of health facilities in terms of infrastructure, organization of services and staff attitudes and education of the community especially men to sensitize them against the negative attitudes towards male participation in maternity care can improve male involvement. The Hospital Management Team in collaboration with the community leaders should organize educational campaigns within the communities to educate community members especially the men, on the importance and benefits of male involvement in maternal health care. Such campaigns can also address negative sociocultural norms and attitudes. The hospital should restructure the maternal health clinics to make them more male friendly. Adequate space and privacy must be provided.
In India, Reproductive Tract Infection (RTI) including Sexually transmitted Diseases (STDs) produce a huge disease burden. Nursing staff plays a major role in prevention of STI/RTIs. So this study was conducted aimed to know the knowledge about STIs/RTIs of nursing personnel of a tertiary care hospital of Rajasthan. 100 nursing professionals were supervised for practice and interrogated for attitude and knowledge as per a semi- structured schedule. It was found that overall mean score of nurses was 56% and only 52% had scores passing marks (>50%). Although this knowledge about STI/RTI was not found to be associated religion, caste, type of family and socio-economic status but it was found to be associated with sex, marital status and education of nurses. It was also found in this study that gap of training decreases the knowledge and number of training increases the knowledge. It was found to be associated with department where the nurses were working. So all the nurses irrespective of place of posting should be given refresher trainings at regular intervals.
This document compares three regression methods - ordinary least squares (OLS), Poisson regression, and negative binomial regression - for analyzing count data from infrequently occurring health events. It uses data on adolescent pregnancies from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health to illustrate the different approaches. OLS regression is found to be inappropriate for modeling count data that is highly skewed and clustered around low values. Poisson and negative binomial regression are identified as more suitable alternatives that do not assume a normal distribution of error terms or dependent variables. The strengths and limitations of each method are discussed to help researchers choose the most appropriate analysis.
Informatics and nursing 2015 2016.odette richardsOdette Richards
This document summarizes a literature review of research papers in clinical informatics and digital health in nursing from 2015-2016. It describes the search strategy and criteria for including papers, which resulted in 73 papers being shortlisted. Of these, 5 top papers were chosen that either identified gaps in the literature or demonstrated improved patient care through digital health innovations. The document discusses each of these 5 papers and their relevance. It concludes with recommendations and limitations of the literature review.
Critical Research Appraisal AssignmentNUR501 PhilosophiMargenePurnell14
Critical Research Appraisal Assignment
NUR501: Philosophical & Theoretical, Evidence-Based Research
Dr. Corzo-Sanchez
June 24, 2022
Critical Research Appraisal Assignment
Nursing research uncovers new knowledge to help build the foundation of clinical practice. Research can help prevent diseases and disabilities, help manage symptoms, establish new treatment plans and improve nursing skills. This is why nurses need to be able to participate in and analyze research, as this can bring positive outcomes to their careers and the health of their patients. There are two different types of research, quantitative and qualitative, that provide information and data. For this assignment, I chose one qualitative research that focuses on the stress and burnout experienced by nursing professionals and one quantitative analysis that explores nurses’ knowledge regarding hand hygiene. Each study will be evaluated thoroughly and analyzed.
Qualitative Research
The definition of qualitative research can be challenging. Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences (Morgan et al., 2021). This form of research explores deeper insights into real-world problems in an emergent and holistic way. Qualitative data can be collected using various methods such as interviews, focus groups, observations, and documentation analysis (Hoover, 2021). Qualitative research has been used in nursing for many years, but it was not the first method used in nursing. Before quantitative research, philosophical methods such as hermeneutics and phenomenology were the only options for professional inquiry (Butts & Rich, 2017). However, it was changed to qualitative research because its ways were incompatible with science. There are three major approaches to qualitative research, (1) ethnography, based on anthropology, (2) phenomenology, drawn from philosophy; and (3) grounded theory, drawn from sociology (Morgan et al., 2021). The use of qualitative studies is common due to its many strengths, such as providing multiple methods of data collection, more detailed information, and how it can refine and strengthen quantitative research. However, some of the limitations of this form of research are difficulty analyzing and collecting data while being more time-consuming.
Evaluating and Analyzing a Selected Qualitative Study
For the example of the qualitative study, I chose Luis M. Dos Santos's study, which focused on the effects of stress, burnout, and low self-efficacy in nursing professionals. The quantitative research aimed to understand and explore how social and environmental factors influence nursing professionals’ self-efficacy. In the study, the Social Cognitive Theory was used to define how each subject was affected based on their thoughts, behaviors, feeling, and personal beliefs (Dos Santos, 2020). For this research study, the phenomenological approach and analysis were used thought the survey to collec ...
Similar to Factors Associated with Antenatal Care Service Utilization among Women with Children under Five Years in Sunyani Municipality, Ghana (20)
This document provides an overview of cosmetic science, summarizing different types of cosmetics including skin, hair, face, eye, and nail cosmetics. It describes key ingredients and formulations for different cosmetic products like moisturizers, cleansers, hair conditioners, mascara, lipstick, and nail polish. The document also discusses trends in cosmetic use throughout history and how cosmetics help beautify and care for skin, hair, nails, and facial features.
Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis ProceraYogeshIJTSRD
Plants growing in arid regions have elicited increased attention, because the hostile environment, in which these plants survive, forces them to develop chemical protective systems through adaptation which is rarely found in vegetation of other ecosystems. Furthermore, many of the plants grow in areas, where the dependence on traditional, plant based medicines over industrially produced pharmaceuticals persists to this day. The two plants, Calotopris Procera giant milkweed, also named C. Persica and Calotropis gigantea crown ower , have been used widely in traditional medicine in North Africa, the Middle East, and South and South East Asia. This has led to extensive research on the chemical constituents of the plants. Both plants are known to be sources of cardenolides, and newer research has yielded a number of interesting cancer active constituents. In addition, extracts of both plants have remarkable nematocidal, molluscidal and insecticidal activities. In many regions, the wood of Calotropis plants has been used as a building material and as a source of fuel. In addition, certain parts of the plants have been used as feed for livestock. In other regions, Calotropis plants are seen as invasive species that threaten local plant life and that due to their toxicity also pose a threat to grazing eld animals. Jaffar Khan | Pankaj Chasta | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis Procera" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45145.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45145/standardization-and-formulations-of-calotropis-procera/jaffar-khan
Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ParalysisYogeshIJTSRD
Paralysis is a complete loss of motor power in any muscle group. When paralysis affects all four extremities, it is called quadriplegia when it affects only the lower extremities, paraplegia and when it affects the extremities on one side of the body, hemiplegic. For this reason, the term paralysis is generally reserved for more focal, less stereotyped weakness, for instance, affecting all the muscles innervated by a peripheral nerve. Many different anatomical lesions and etiologies can cause paralysis and determine its treatment. Bikash Debsingha | Dr. Gourav Kr. Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Paralysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45108.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacology-/45108/review-of-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-paralysis/bikash-debsingha
Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods A...YogeshIJTSRD
Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere which results in cooling of the remainder water. The current research reviews various studies conducted on cooling tower using experimental and numerical techniques. Different design configuration and operating conditions on cooling towers are evaluated by various researchers. Significant findings from researches have shown new and improved design of cooling tower with much better performance as compared to conventional design. Neetish Kumar Sao | Dr. Surendra K. Dwivedi "Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45100.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/45100/comparative-analysis-of-forced-draft-cooling-tower-using-two-design-methods-a-review/neetish-kumar-sao
Criminology Educators Triumphs and StrugglesYogeshIJTSRD
This document summarizes a research study about the triumphs and struggles of criminology educators in the Philippines. It finds that most respondents enjoy seeing their students succeed but find grading and dealing with difficult students stressful. Financially, only one respondent felt stable while others said their salaries were just enough to get by. Respondents did not initially intend to become teachers but stayed for reasons like family and valuing the teaching profession. While teaching had rewards, low salaries and qualifications impacted job satisfaction for some. Overall, the study provides insights into criminology educators' experiences in the Philippines.
A Review Herbal Drugs Used in Skin DisorderYogeshIJTSRD
The human bodys skin is an organ that allows it to interact with the environment while also shielding it from harmful external influences. People of all ages suffer from skin diseases all over the world. Its vital to keep your skin in good form for a healthy physique. Plants have been employed in some form or another since the beginning of time. This research has highlighted some prevalent skin disease issues, as well as the herbals utilized in disease therapy and the various formulations accessible in the pharmaceutical industry. Some medicinal plants have been shown to be quite effective in removing or reducing skin infection disorders. Chandramita Borah | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "A Review: Herbal Drugs Used in Skin Disorder" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45118.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45118/a-review-herbal-drugs-used-in-skin-disorder/chandramita-borah
Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectiv...YogeshIJTSRD
The aim of information retrieval systems is to retrieve relevant information according to the query provided. The queries are often vague and uncertain. Thus, to improve the system, we propose an Automatic Query Expansion technique, to expand the query by adding new terms to the user s initial query so as to minimize query mismatch and thereby improving retrieval performance. Most of the existing techniques for expanding queries do not take into account the degree of semantic relationship among words. In this paper, the query is expanded by exploring terms which are semantically similar to the initial query terms as well as considering the degree of relationship, that is, “fuzzy membership- between them. The terms which seemed most relevant are used in expanded query and improve the information retrieval process. The experiments conducted on the queries set show that the proposed Automatic query expansion approach gave a higher precision, recall, and F measure then non fuzzy edge weights. Tarun Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectivity Measures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45074.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/45074/automatic-query-expansion-using-word-embedding-based-on-fuzzy-graph-connectivity-measures/tarun-goyal
A New Proposal for Smartphone Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System f...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper proposes a Smartphone based system for the detection of drowsiness in automotive drivers. The proposed system uses three stage drowsiness detection technique. The first stage uses the percentage of eyelid closure PERCLOS which is obtained by capturing images with the front camera of the Smartphone with a modified eye state classification method. The system uses near infrared lighting for illuminating the face of the driver during night driving. The second step uses the voiced to the unvoiced ratio VUR obtained from the speech data from the microphone, in the event PERCLOS crosses the threshold. The VUR is also compared with a threshold and if it is a value greater than that of the threshold, it moves on to the next verification stage. In the final verification stage, touch response is required within the stipulated time to declare whether the driver is drowsy or not and subsequently sound an alarm. To awake the driver, a vibrating mechanism is done and also the live GPS location is also sent to an emergency contact. We have studied eight other reference papers for the literature review. The system has three advantages over existing drowsiness detection systems. First, the three stage verification process makes the system more reliable. The second advantage is its implementation on an Android smart phone, which is readily available to most drivers or cab owners as compared to other general purpose embedded platforms. The third advantage is the use of SMS service to inform the control room as well as the passenger regarding the loss of attention of the driver. Abishek K Biju | Godwin Jolly | Asif Mohammed C A | Dr. Paul P Mathai | Derek Joseph "A New Proposal for Smartphone-Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System for Automotive Drivers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45083.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/45083/a-new-proposal-for-smartphonebased-drowsiness-detection-and-warning-system-for-automotive-drivers/abishek-k-biju
Data Security by AES Advanced Encryption StandardYogeshIJTSRD
Now a days with the rapid development of multimedia technologies, research on safety and security are becoming more important. Multimedia data are generated and transmitted through the communication channels and the wireless media. The efficiencies of encryption based on different existing algorithms are not up to the satisfactory limit. Hence researchers are trying to modify the existing algorithm or even develop new algorithms that help to increase security with a little encryption time. Here in this paper, we have furnished a new technology to modify the AES algorithm which gives more security with a little encryption time and which can be used to encrypt using 128 bit key. Theoretical analysis on the proposed algorithm with the existing reveals the novelty of our work. Here we have proposed a technique to randomize the key and hidden the key data into an encrypted digital image using the basics concept of cryptography and also using the concept of digital watermarking, the concept of key hide has also been encrypted. We have also proposed a new technique to reposition the pixels to break the correlation between them. So, the proposed scheme offers a more secure and cost effective mechanism for encryption. Next on the AES criteria list good performance. Widespread market adoption will require reasonably good performance on a variety of platforms, ranging from easy tocrack smart cards to the largest servers. Good algorithm performance includes speed for the encryption and decryption process as well as the key schedule. Prateek Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Data Security by AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45073.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/45073/data-security-by-aes-advanced-encryption-standard/prateek-goyal
Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus NiruriYogeshIJTSRD
Theorigin of Phyllanthus niruri is tropical America from there it spread as a weed to other tropic and sub tropics. It is a tropical annual herb shrub which grows as weed in moist humid waste land. Phyllanthus niruri is among more than 500 Phyllanthus species that are widely spread in temperate and tropical climates region Lizuka et al., 2007. It grows 30 40 cm in height, has small leaves and yellow flowers the stem has green capsule, and blooms with flowers with 5 white sepals and apical acute anther.38g of Mueller Hinton Agar was dissolved in 1000ml distilled water in a conical flask, the mouth of the conical flask was plugged with cotton woo wrapped in aluminium foil. This was sterilized in an autoclave at 121oC for 15mns. The media was removed and allowed to cool to 45oC, later poured into a sterilized plastic petri plates which were appropriately labeled. The present study revealed the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of phyllanthus niruri. The antimicrobial activity of phyllanthus niruri shows great significant against pathogens which are responsible for common infections of skin, respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. The phytochemical screening of oxalate, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and steroids were all found to be active within the plant. This bioactive phytochemicals present in P. niruri can be useful for further researches on the plant P. nururi since the phytochemicals have shown preclinical efficacies for treating human diseases’ which include hepatitis and HIV AIDS. This work has compiled the chemical constituents present and can be useful for further researches Dr. Mohammed Musa Lawan | Yusuf Sale Baba "Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus Niruri" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44948.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/44948/antimicrobial-and-phytochemical-screening-of-phyllantus-niruri/dr-mohammed-musa-lawan
There is a need for temperature drop in a buried pipeline based on the media and process. Need of some methodology and design requirement for a set of conditions by reducing pipeline surface temperature and the temperature drops to atmospheric temperature at a particular distance of pipeline. Based on the conduction principle, desire reduction up to atmospheric temperature can be possible. Let us understand by below methods and design of Heat sink for buried pipe line. Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Heat Sink for Underground Pipe Line" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45117.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45117/heat-sink-for-underground-pipe-line/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber Optic Cable CoreYogeshIJTSRD
Fiber optic cables have single core and multiple core options, but single and multiple core fiber cable -˜s core design need to be updated. Newly proposed design gives facilities to multiple usage than traditional design of cable core. Cable core design needs improvement by using present technology for decreasing material and cost and by improving efficiency of cable. Research need to be carried out in this direction. What do you think Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber-Optic Cable Core" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45116.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45116/newly-proposed-multi-channel-fiberoptic-cable-core/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and PoliceYogeshIJTSRD
The need to understand and at the same time give prescriptions for the direction of security reform in Third world countries after the end of World War II has prompted the emergence of a big project called the study of security reform SSR . Within this framework emerge various theories and strategies for security reform, with various variations, including ideological variations that underlie these theories. The reform of the structural aspect is a reform of the institutional and structure of an institution, the instrumental reform includes the reform of the system, laws and regulations, while the reform of the cultural aspect is a reform of the habits or organizational culture in institutions in general and in particular the Timor Leste’s security institutions, both military and police. Arquimino Ramos "Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and Police" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45061.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/45061/security-sector-reform-toward-professionalism-of-military-and-police/arquimino-ramos
Stress An Undetachable Condition of LifeYogeshIJTSRD
Stressful life events affects human body, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases and effect metabolism and immune system. Recent studies showed increase in stress levels in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the stress levels in MBBS students. The objectives of the study are a To determine the current stress level, b To assess relation between stress level and lifestyle of college students. The present study was carried out in Ahmedabad City of Gujarat State. A total of 400 medical students were included in the study, which were selected using multi stage sampling aged between 18 years to 25 years. Students were questioned regarding their socioeconomic and life style parameters. The results showed that physical activity such as walking, exercise, yoga, meditation etc. were associated to stress levels. College students showed high stress levels with more satisfaction were mostly smokers. Their major reason for eating junk food and smoking was, increase in stress. Conclusion Majority of students suffered from moderate stress levels. Despite of having stress they were happy and satisfied with life with less no internet addiction. Spirituality and stress scales had a positive correlation as most of the students were averagely highly spiritual. Discriminant function can be used to determine the stress level of a person using age, BMI, internet addiction, spirituality, happiness scale and life satisfaction scale of that person. Jayshree N. Tolani | Dr. Nitinkumar D. Shah "Stress: An Undetachable Condition of Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45054/stress-an-undetachable-condition-of-life/jayshree-n-tolani
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid 19 Patients after Having Vac...YogeshIJTSRD
The severity and mortality of COVID 19 cases has been associated with the Three category such as vaccination status, severity of disease and outcome. Objective presently study was aimed to assess the severity and mortality among covid 19 patients. Methods Using simple lottery random method 100 samples were selected. From these 100 patients, 50 patients were randomly assigned to case group and 50 patients in control group after informed consents of relative obtained. Patients in the case group who being died after got COVID 19 whereas 50 patients in the control group participated who were survive after got infected from COVID 19 patients. Result It has three categories such as a Vaccination status For the vaccination status we have seen 59 patients were not vaccinated and 41 patients was vaccinated out of 100. b Incidence There were 41 patients were vaccinated whereas 59 patients were not vaccinated. c Severity In the case of mortality we selected 50 patients who were died from the Corona and I got to know that out of 50 patients there were 12 24 patients were vaccinated whereas 38 76 patients were non vaccinated. Although for the 50 control survival group total 29 58 patients were vaccinated and 21 42 patients was not vaccinated all graph start. Conclusion we have find out that those people who got vaccinated were less infected and mortality rate very low. Prof. (Dr) Binod Kumar Singh | Dr. Saroj Kumar | Ms. Anuradha Sharma "To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients after Having Vaccinated: A Retrospective Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45065/to-assess-the-severity-and-mortality-among-covid19-patients-after-having-vaccinated-a-retrospective-study/prof-dr-binod-kumar-singh
Novel Drug Delivery System An OverviewYogeshIJTSRD
In present scenario evolution of an existing drug molecule from a old form to a novel delivery system can significantly improve its performance in terms of patient compliance, safety and efficacy. In the form of a control drug delivery system an existing drug molecule can get a new life. An appropriately designed Novel Drug Delivery System can be a major advance for solving the problems related towards the release of the drug at specific site with specific rate. The porpuse for delivering drugs to patients efficiently and with fewer side effects has prompted pharmaceutical companies to engage in the development of new drug delivery system. This article covers the basic information regarding Novel Drug Delivery Systems and also advantages, factor etc. Chiranjit Barman | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Novel Drug Delivery System: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45068.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/45068/novel-drug-delivery-system-an-overview/chiranjit-barman
With the growth of technology their grows threat to our data which is just secured by passwords so to make it more secure biometrics came into existence. As biometric systems are adopted and accepted for security purpose for various information and security systems. Hence it is immune to attacks. This paper deals with the security of biometric details of individuals. In this paper we will be discussing about biometrics and its types and the threats and security issues which is not talked about usually. The different technologies evolved and had contributed to biometrics in long run and their effects. Sushmita Raulo | Saurabh Gawade "Security Issues Related to Biometrics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44951.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/44951/security-issues-related-to-biometrics/sushmita-raulo
Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initi...YogeshIJTSRD
A mathematical equation which involves a function and its derivatives is called a differential equation. We consider a real life situation, from this form a mathematical model, solve that model using some mathematical concepts and take interpretation of solution. It is a well known and popular concept in mathematics because of its massive application in real world problems. Differential equations are one of the most important mathematical tools used in modeling problems in Physics, Biology, Economics, Chemistry, Engineering and medical Sciences. Differential equation can describe many situations viz exponential growth and de cay, the population growth of species, the change in investment return over time. We can solve differential equations using classical as well as numerical methods, In this paper we compare numerical methods of solving initial valued first order ordinary differential equations namely Euler method, Improved Euler method, Runge Kutta method and their accuracy level. We use here Scilab Software to obtain direct solution for these methods. Vibahvari Tukaram Dhokrat "Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initial Value Problems in First Order Ordinary Differential Equations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45066.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathematics/45066/comparative-analysis-of-different-numerical-methods-for-the-solution-of-initial-value-problems-in-first-order-ordinary-differential-equations/vibahvari-tukaram-dhokrat
Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing ContentYogeshIJTSRD
Bituminous mixes are most commonly used all over the world in flexible pavement construction. It consists of asphalt or bitumen used as a binder and mineral aggregate which are mixed together, laid down in layers and then compacted. Under normal circumstances, conventional bituminous pavements if designed and executed properly perform quite satisfactorily but the performance of bituminous mixes is very poor under various situations. Today’s asphaltic concrete pavements are expected to perform better as they are experiencing increased volume of traffic, increased loads and increased variations in daily or seasonal temperature over what has been experienced in the past. In addition, the performance of bituminous pavements is found to be very poor in moisture induced situations. Considering this a lot of work has been done on use of additives in bituminous mixtures and as well as on modification of bitumen. Research has indicated that the addition of polymers to asphalt binders helps to increase the interfacial cohesiveness of the bond between the aggregate and the binder which can enhance many properties of the asphalt pavements to help meet these increased demands. However, the additive that is to be used for modification of mix or binder should satisfy both the strength requirements as well as economical aspects. Naveen Kumar | Ms. Shivani "Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing Content" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45089.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/45089/evaluation-of-different-paving-mixes-using-optimum-stabilizing-content/naveen-kumar
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD39882 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2021 Page 680
various communities for data collection. At each CWC unit,
mothers who after explaining the purpose, benefits and risk
of the study gives their consent to participate in the study
were interviewed after they have received child welfare
service for their child.
Data from the field were edited, and checked for
completeness by the researcher before data entry was done.
Data was entered into EpiData manager and was exported
into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)
software version 22 for analysis. Results were displayed in
tables and graphs according to the study variables.Bivariate
analysis was done to test for association using Pearson’s
correlation coefficient, Fisher exact test (for 2×2 tables
where some of the expected counts are less than 10) and
Likelihood Ratio (for biggertables where20% ormoreof the
expected count is less than 5) in order to find out the
relationship between the independent and dependent
variables. P-value of less than 0.05 (i.e. p<0.05) was set as
the significance level for the analysis.
Logistic regression model was then applied to variables
which were significant at the bivariate analysis level to find
out the strength of the association. Both simple and multiple
logistic regression analysis were performed in order to get
the crude and adjusted odd ratios respectively. The strength
of the association for each independent variable was based
on the odd ratios and the 95% confidence interval, while
holding other factors constant. However, only the variables
found to be significant for multiple logistics (adjusted odds
ratios) were discussed in the study. Areliabilityanalysis was
carried out on the ANC knowledgeitems tocheck forinternal
consistency using Cronbach’s alpha which gave an, α = 0.70.
Most items appeared to be worthy of retention,resultingina
decrease in the alpha if deleted. Responses for the Likert
scale were however recoded into ‘YES’ or ‘NO’. All responses
of strongly agree and agree were recorded as ‘yes’ and all
responses of no opinion to strongly disagree were recorded
as ‘no’. Median was computed as a measure of central
tendency (what most respondents believe/think) to
determine the knowledge level of respondents about ANC
services. A descriptive frequency analysis of the newly
computed/generated variable (ANC Knowledge level)
showed and grouped respondents’ knowledge into either
good or poor taking into considerationtheinterquartilerage
(IQR) as a measure of spread/dispersion of responses.
The sample size of a study is a section of the population that
is drawn to make inference or projections to the general
population. The sample size for this study was calculated
using the Cochran’s (1977) formula: Sample size, n = (Z²
Pq)/d² where;
Z being the confidence limits which in this study was 95%
level of confidence and 1.96 as critical value. P as the
assumed prevalence / proportion of thedependentvariable;
According to a report by the Ghana demographic and health
survey, large proportion of pregnant women in Ghana (87
per cent) had four or more antenatal care visits for their
most recent live births (GSS, 2014).Q as the acceptable
deviation from the assumed proportion (1-0.87 = 0.13).D as
the margin of error around p estimated as 0.05 in this study.
Therefore, n = [(1.96)^2×(0.87)×(0.13)] / [(0.05)²] =173.79
≈ 174
Adding 5% of 174 mothers (thus 174 × 0.05 = 8.7 ≈ 9), to
compensate for errors during data collection, a total sample
size of 183 (thus 174 + 9 = 183) mothers were recruited for
the study.
RESULTS
Socio-demographic characteristics of respondents
Results in table 1, it is shown that majority 101 (56.4%) of
the respondents are between the ages of twenty (20) and
thirty (30) years with a mean (SD) age of 28.56 (SD =
5.99years). Marital status of the respondents indicates that
most 151 (83.0%) of the respondents are married. In terms
of employment status, most of the respondents 123 (69.1%)
are self-employed. However, those who are unemployed 30
(16.9%) outweighed those who are government employed
25 (14.0%).
Table1: Socio-demographic Characteristics of Respondents
Variable Frequency Percentage (%)
Age group Mean = 28.56years SD = 5.99years
Less than 20 21 11.7
20 – 30 101 56.4
Above 30 57 31.8
Age group at first birth Mean = 21.27years SD = 3.46years
Less than 20 88 52.4
20 – 30 77 45.8
Above 30 3 1.8
Marital Status
Married 151 83.0
Not married 25 13.7
Divorced 3 1.6
Widowed 3 1.6
Parity
One 52 28.7
Two 38 21.0
Three 49 27.1
Four 22 12.2
More than four 20 11.0
Employment Status
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Government employed 25 14.0
Self employed 123 69.1
Unemployed 30 16.9
Educational Level
Basic education 84 46.2
Secondary education 56 30.8
Tertiary education 28 15.4
No education 14 7.7
Husband’s Employment Status
Government employed 32 20.3
Self employed 126 79.7
Unemployed 0 0.0
Husband’s educational level
Basic education 56 36.4
Secondary education 49 31.8
Tertiary education 37 24.0
No education 12 7.8
Area of Residence
Urban 76 41.8
Peri – urban 36 19.8
Rural 70 38.5
Religion
Christian 137 83.5
Muslim 26 15.9
Traditionalist 1 0.6
Antenatal care attendance among study population
Data on antenatal care attendance revealed that, a high proportion of women in theSunyanimunicipality attended ANCduring
their last pregnancy birth. Relating the frequency difference, about 87% of the respondents attended ANC during their last
pregnancy with only 13% who did not attend ANC during their last pregnancy preceding the study preceding the study.
Fig.1: Antenatal care attendance at least once among post-partum mothers in the Sunyani municipality
Respondents number of ANC attendance per WHO recommendation
As shown in Fig. 2, majority of the study respondentsattained WHO’srecommendation forminimumANCvisit.Among mothers
who attended ANC during their last pregnancy, about 95.6% had four or more contacts as recommended by WHO with only a
few of them (4.4%) who had less than four contacts.
Fig. 2: Percentage of respondents who visited ANC per the WHO recommendation
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Gestational age at which respondents initiated their first antenatal care
Analysis of data on gestational age at which respondents madetheirfirstANCcontactmeasuredagainstWHOrecommendation
of having it within the first trimester shows that, most of the respondents met this recommendation. About 77.1% of mothers
who visited ANC during their last pregnancy had their first contact within their first trimester (within 3moths) as
recommended by WHO with few of them (22.9%) having their first ANC contact after their firsttrimesteras clearlydepictedin
figure 3.
Fig.3: Respondents’ gestational age at first ANC
Multivariate analysis socio-demographic characteristics associated with antenatal care (ANC) attendance
In the multivariate logistic regression analysisdepictedin table3,controllingforall possibleconfounders revealed that,marital
status and ANC knowledge were statistically significant with ANCattendance.Respondents whowerenot married were78.8%
less likely to attend ANC as compared to those married (AOR = 0.212;CI:0.054- 0.834).Inaddition, respondents whohad poor
knowledge about ANC were 95.8% less likely to attend ANC using good knowledge as the reference category (AOR =0.042;CI:
0.002 - 1.113). Employment status and educational level were found not to be statistically associated with ANC attendance
during pregnancy. However, age group and area of resident shown significance in the bivariate analysis where mothers who
were in the age group of 20 – 30years had 5.56times more odds of attending ANC than those less than 20years or being a
teenager and also those residing in rural areas were 82% less likely to attend ANC than those in urban areas but after
controlling for confounders, these two variables (age group and area of residence) lost their statistical significance in the
multivariate analysis.
Table 2: Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with ANC attendance
Variable Categories COR (95% CI) [P-value] AOR (95% CI) [P-value]
Age group
Less than 20years Reference Reference
20 – 30years 5.563(1.939 - 15.954) [0.001] 1.416 (0.231 - 8.688) [0.707]
Above 30years 13.50(3.171 - 57.474) [0.00] 1.692 (0.162 - 17.662) [0.660]
Marital status
Married Reference Reference
Not married 0.090 (0.033 - 0.250) [0.000] 0.212 (0.054 - 0 .834) [0.026]
Divorced 0.035 (0.003 - 0.425) [0.008] 0.00 (0.00) [0.998]
Widowed 0.142 (.012 - 1.702) [0.123] 0.118 (0.008 - 1.681) [0.115]
Employment status
Government employed Reference Reference
Self employed 0.000 (0.00) [0.998] 0.00 (0.00) [0.999]
Unemployed 0.000 (0.00) [0.998] 0.00 (0.00) [0.999]
Educational level
Basic education Reference Reference
Secondary education 0.616 (0.247 - 1.538) [0.300] 0.537 (0.166 - 1.738) [0.3]
Tertiary education 2.29e-7 (0.00) [0.998] 0.00 (0.00) [0.999]
No education 0.904 (0.178 - 4.594) [0.903] 1.060 (0.130 - 8.630) [0.956]
Area of residence
Urban Reference Reference
Peri-urban 0.144 (0.036 - 0.581) [0.007] 0.439 (0.084 - 2.279) [0.327]
Rural 0.180 (0.049 - 0.663) [0.010] 0.244 (0.052 - 1.140) [0.073]
Knowledge score
Good knowledge Reference Reference
Poor knowledge 0.090 (0.014 - 0.569) [0.010] 0.042 (0.002 - 1.113) [0.023]
COR – Crude Odds Ratio; AOR – Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI – Confident Interval
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD39882 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2021 Page 683
Bivariate analysis of knowledge and ANC utilization
In table 3 results from cross tabulating knowledge against ANC service utilization shows that, there is a significantassociation
between ANC knowledge and its service attendance, p ˂ 0.05. No signi icant association was found between ANC knowledge
and gestational age for first ANC visit as well as between ANC knowledge and number of visits, p ˃ 0.05. About 98.7% of
respondents who has good knowledge aboutANCactually attendedANCduringtheirlastpregnancypreceding the studywhere
about 87.5% of those with good knowledge not attending ANC. As opposed to those with poor knowledge score, only 1.3%
attended ANC during their last pregnancy preceding the study.
Table 3: Respondent’s knowledge score and association with ANC utilization
VARIABLE ANC UTILIZATION Fisher’s Exact p-value *
Knowledge score ANC attendance in percentage (%) 0.017
YES NO
Good knowledge 98.7 87.5
Poor knowledge 1.3 12.5
Knowledge score Gestational age at first visit (%) 1.00
≤ 3months ≥ 3months
Good knowledge 98.3 100
Poor knowledge 1.7 0.0
Knowledge score Number of visit in percentage (%) 1.00
˂ 4times ˃ 4times
Good knowledge 100 98.7
Poor knowledge 0.00 1.3
*Where chi-square rule is violated; p ˂ 0.05
DISCUSSIONS
The relatively high rate of ANC attendance observed in this
study is found to be in agreement with some recent
literatures including studies conducted in Ghana, and other
Lower Middle Income Countries, Sierra Leone [1] [3] [18].
However, these findings are also found not to be in
agreement with some other literatures finding a diverging
results from the results obtained in this study[20] [4] [8]
Marital status and knowledge about antenatal care services
were significant predictors of ANC attendance in this study.
For marital status, mothers who were not married were
about 78.8% less likely to attend ANC as compared to those
who were married (AOR: 0.212; CI: 0.054 - 0 .834). These
findings corroborate the results of a cross sectional study
conducted in rural Ghana [14]. They found out that,
cohabiting women and unmarried women were 43% and
61% respectively less likely to attend ANC atleastfourtimes
relative to married women. Moreover, findings from a study
among Adolescent Mothers in the Yendi Municipality of
Northern Region, Ghana affirms that there is a significant
association between marital status and ANC utilization[19].
This could be due to certain social norms defined in some
societies and cultures including Ghana where unmarried
women are expected to remain chaste until theyaremarried
[7] Therefore, unmarried womenwhobecomes pregnant are
more likely to avoid ANC services so as not to expose their
pregnancy for fear of public ridicule. In addition, women
who do not have partners could experience financial
difficulty that might prevent them from attending ANC
regularly. In variance to these findings, other studies also
suggest no association between marital status and ANC
attendance [5]
Knowledge on ANC services was found to be significantly
associated with ANC service attendance. Mothers with poor
knowledge were about 95.8% less likely to attend ANC
compared to mothers with high knowledge about ANC
services. This finding is therefore been buttressed by a lot of
current literatures [12] [10] [9] [11]
CONCLUSION
It has been revealed by this study that, majority of
postpartum mothers in the Sunyani municipality utilized
antenatal care during their last pregnancy before birth. The
utilization included increased number of ANC attendance
(more than 4times) and early initiation (within the first
trimester). These postpartum mothers were again observed
to have an increased knowledge about antenatal care
services with the exception of few whom were not aware
about the minimum number of ANC contacts a pregnant
woman should have before birth.
In addition, marital status and ANCknowledgewerefoundto
be factors which predisposes women either to use or not to
use ANC services.
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