- Antenatal care is important for both mother and baby's health during pregnancy. It involves medical supervision, screening tests, education, and management or referral of any health conditions.
- The document discusses the aims, components, and importance of antenatal care. It also presents data on antenatal care utilization and pregnancy outcomes in West Bengal, India. Key findings include over 50% of women receiving at least 3 antenatal visits and getting recommended tests.
- Ensuring quality antenatal care through multiple visits, screenings and education can help prevent complications and lower maternal and infant mortality rates.
A Study to Identify the Post Partum Complications among Post Natal Mothers in...ijtsrd
Complications in early post natal periods may lead many issues such as breast engorgement, perineal pain, constipation, and urine incontinence. Postpartum complications contribute to a lot of maternal morbidity. A Descriptive study was conducted to identify the post partum complications among post natal mothers. The study was conducted on 120 post natal mothers who were selected using convenient sampling technique. The study was explained to participants and consent was taken. Data were collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire and self reported practice check list. Homogeneity was maintained for demographic variables. The result showed Identification of post partum complications shows that that in perineal pain, pain in perineal area 45 . In constipation, difficulty to express stool 33.33 , a sense that everything didn’t come out 33.33 , hard or small stool 20.83 . In breast engorgement, 20.83 mothers reported pain and swelling in breast, hardness in breast 20 and flat nipple 15 . In urine incontinence, intense urge of urine 2.5 . Himani Bora | Kanchan Bala | Laxmi Kumar "A Study to Identify the Post-Partum Complications among Post Natal Mothers in Selected Hospital of Dehradun, Uttarakhand" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/33524/a-study-to-identify-the-postpartum-complications-among-post-natal-mothers-in-selected-hospital-of-dehradun-uttarakhand/himani-bora
Does Utilization of Antenatal Care Reduces Reproductive Risk? A Case Study o...PRAKASAM C P
This paper examines the utilization of antenatal care and out come of pregnancy and delivery complications (Reproductive risk) among currently married women in Andhra Pradesh, India. Data for this study were collected from DLHS-RCH-3 for Andhra Pradesh. Pregnancy outcome has been collected for all deliveries from the currently married women and the utilisation of ANC, health seeing behavior, pregnancy problems during and problems during delivery which have been considered as reproductive risk and analysed for the last child data. Reproductive history of 19825 deliveries for Andhra Pradesh form data set. Analysis has been carried out in three stages. Initially Pregnancy loss and its ANC and treatment seeking behavior have been analysed. At the second stage pregnancy complications and delivery complications for the last delivery in relation to outcome has been analysed for Andhra Pradesh data. At the third stage interrelation between Pregnancy out come and reproductive risk has been analysed by using logistic regression. Further influence of background variables on reproductive loss and treatment seeking behavior has been analysed. The results revealed that women experience still birth in Andhra Pradesh found to be around 2.9. Further results revealed that women who had utilized antenatal care services found to have less risk in delivering last child than other. Maternal age and husband occupation played significant influence in utilization of health care services leading to safe delivery in these two selected states.
Risk factors and treatment seeking behavior of Tuberculosis In Selected Stat...PRAKASAM C P
In this paper an attempt is made to know 1.Prevalence of TB in four southern states, 2. Risk factors associated with the infection (TB) and 3.Health seeking behavior among the infected person with TB.
Data were collected from NFHS-3 for the four selected states viz: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Risk factors for the infection of TB have been identified as: 1.Houseld factors viz: Persons per room used for sleeping, Cooking fuel, Place for cooking, Type of fuel/stove, and 2.individual factors viz: Use of Tobacco, Use of Alcohol. Treatment seeking behavior has been identified as: Source of health care and Health insurance coverage
Background: Maternal health remains today, one of the major public health concerns in developing countries. Maternal deaths and newborn deaths usually occur within 48 hours of delivery. In Cameroon, despite all the initiatives set up by the Ministry of Public Health to reduce the mortality rate, the situation remains alarming in terms of postnatal consultation; this is much more felt in the West region of Cameroon, which is one of the most affected regions because 43.1% of women who give birth in hospitals do not return to postnatal consultation and this rate is higher than the national average with a value of 21.5%. Objective:This work aims to determine the factors influencing postnatal follow-up in the Bafang Health District. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study for analytical purposes, carried out in the Bafang Health District between January 1 to November 30, 2017. Our study population consisted of all women of childbearing age living in the Bafang Health District during the study period. The variables studied were sociodemographic characteristics, socio-cultural characteristics and the provision of care. Results: Analysis carried out during this study, it appears that, the person who informs the women on the dates of rendez-vous during the CPoN (OR = 2.92; [95%CI = 1.16-7,]; p-value = 0.02), women who think the appropriate period of postnatal follow-up is 6 weeks postpartum (OR = 4.27, [95%CI = 1.47-12.39], p-value = 0.00 ) and those who massage the abdomen after childbirth (OR = 2.62, [95%CI = 1.34 - 5.12], p-value = 0.00) are more likely to have knowledge about follow-up postnatal. While women who have no knowledge of postnatal follow-up (OR = 0.18, 95%CI = 0.07-0.45, p-value = 0.00) are less likely to have more knowledge. Conclusion: Lack of knowledge of the existence and importance of postnatal consultation (CPoN), traditional practices are the factors that influence postnatal follow-up in the Bafang Health District. A good and effective care for women after childbirth requires increased awareness campaigns at the hospital level as well as in community settings.
Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module SIM on Level of Knowledge Regardin...ijtsrd
Background Fertility is the natural capability to produce offspring. A lack of fertility is infertility while a lack of fecundity would be called sterility. The term infertility is defined as the inability to conceive despite regular and unprotected intercourse for 2 years. However, risk factors such as the womans age, abnormal menstrual periods, history of pelvic inflammatory disease and whether there has been previous abdominal or pelvic surgery, history of undescended testicles may warrant earlier investigations and treatment of infertility. Couples should be aware that 80 will conceive within a year and 90 within two years if they dont use contraception and have regular intercourse.1 Materials and Methods A pre experimental has provided comparison between a group of subjects before and after the experimental treatment used for this study. The sample consisted 60 staff nurses those were working in obstetrics and gynecology department in selected hospital Haridwar . They were selected by Convenient non – probability Sampling Technique. Data was collected by using a structured knowledge questionnaire regarding recent advancement in infertility treatment. Data analysis is done by using descriptive and inferential method. Results Findings suggest that the pre test knowledge score was 15.45 ±3.88 which has increased to post test knowledge score 30.11 ±3.4. Independent sample “t†test was calculated to find the significant difference between means of pretest and post test knowledge scores. The calculated t value was 23.036 df=59 at p 0.05 . This significant improvement in the knowledge can be attributed to the intervention. Conclusion Based on the findings of the study after the implementation of self instructional module, there is a significant increase in knowledge of staff nurses regarding the recent advancement in infertility treatment. Bhawna Sharma | Priscilla John | Asha ""Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) on Level of Knowledge Regarding Recent Advancements in Infertility Treatment among the Staff Nurses Working in Obstetrics and Gynecological Departments"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22929.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/22929/effectiveness-of-self-instructional-module-sim-on-level-of-knowledge-regarding-recent-advancements-in-infertility-treatment-among-the-staff-nurses-working-in-obstetrics-and-gynecological-departments/bhawna-sharma"
Effect of a Training Program about Maternal Fetal Attachment Skills on Prenat...iosrjce
to assess effect of a training program about maternal fetal attachment skills on prenatal attachment
among primigravida women.
Subjects and Methods: A quasi experimental research design was utilized. From a specific private Antenatal
Clinic in Mansoura city-Egypt eighty primigravida women aged 20 to 35 years, at 30th week gestation, had
singleton pregnancy and can read and write were selected purposively between of January and August 2011
and was equally divided into two groups; intervention group: received a training program on two MFA skills
and control group: received the routine antenatal care. Using interview sheet and Cranley's Maternal Fetal
Attachment Scale (MFAS) the data were collected at baseline and after two and four weeks of the enrollment.
Results: MFAS score had significantly increased in the intervention group from 61.6±5.9 at the baseline to
68.5±6.8 and 69.6 ±5.9 at 32nd, 34th week gestation respectively. While the changes of the MFAS total score in
the control group were insignificant.
Conclusion: MFAS total scores had significantly increased in the intervention group at 32nd and 34th week
gestation compared to the baseline score. Conversely, the MFAS total score did not differ significantly between
the baseline and two and four weeks after enrollment among the control group.
Recommendations: Enhancing the health care providers' awareness of the MFA skills to utilize in the
promotion of the prenatal MFA and motivate the active role of the nurses in helping the pregnant women to
adhere to the appropriate MFA skills are recommended.
Management of Labor in Pregnant Women using Traditional Medicines in Northern...Premier Publishers
Labor comes with pain, hence expectant mothers would desire for procedures and materials that would quicken the process and provide relief to the extreme pain. Women in developing countries are known to patronize traditional medicines hence it is most probable traditional medicines will be used for labor purposes. This study therefore assessed the level of usage of traditional medicines among pregnant women in the Tamale metropolis, identified the products used and their reasons for usage. Using convenience sampling method, data was collected from 301 respondents from 20 suburbs within the Tamale metropolis using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 and association between variables obtained using appropriate tools. Up to 25.9% of respondents used traditional medicine immediately before or during their most recent labor. Lower educational status, staying with extended family members, being a believer in Islam, home delivery and ever using traditional medicine before the most recent pregnancy were statistically associated with the use of traditional medicine to manage labor processes (p < 0.05). Various plants were found in formulating the traditional labor medicine known locally as ‘kalghutim’ with the bark of the Shea tree ((Vitellaria paradoxa) being present in most formulations.
Impact of Hormonal Contraceptive use upon Women's Social Relationship who att...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
A Study to Identify the Post Partum Complications among Post Natal Mothers in...ijtsrd
Complications in early post natal periods may lead many issues such as breast engorgement, perineal pain, constipation, and urine incontinence. Postpartum complications contribute to a lot of maternal morbidity. A Descriptive study was conducted to identify the post partum complications among post natal mothers. The study was conducted on 120 post natal mothers who were selected using convenient sampling technique. The study was explained to participants and consent was taken. Data were collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire and self reported practice check list. Homogeneity was maintained for demographic variables. The result showed Identification of post partum complications shows that that in perineal pain, pain in perineal area 45 . In constipation, difficulty to express stool 33.33 , a sense that everything didn’t come out 33.33 , hard or small stool 20.83 . In breast engorgement, 20.83 mothers reported pain and swelling in breast, hardness in breast 20 and flat nipple 15 . In urine incontinence, intense urge of urine 2.5 . Himani Bora | Kanchan Bala | Laxmi Kumar "A Study to Identify the Post-Partum Complications among Post Natal Mothers in Selected Hospital of Dehradun, Uttarakhand" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/33524/a-study-to-identify-the-postpartum-complications-among-post-natal-mothers-in-selected-hospital-of-dehradun-uttarakhand/himani-bora
Does Utilization of Antenatal Care Reduces Reproductive Risk? A Case Study o...PRAKASAM C P
This paper examines the utilization of antenatal care and out come of pregnancy and delivery complications (Reproductive risk) among currently married women in Andhra Pradesh, India. Data for this study were collected from DLHS-RCH-3 for Andhra Pradesh. Pregnancy outcome has been collected for all deliveries from the currently married women and the utilisation of ANC, health seeing behavior, pregnancy problems during and problems during delivery which have been considered as reproductive risk and analysed for the last child data. Reproductive history of 19825 deliveries for Andhra Pradesh form data set. Analysis has been carried out in three stages. Initially Pregnancy loss and its ANC and treatment seeking behavior have been analysed. At the second stage pregnancy complications and delivery complications for the last delivery in relation to outcome has been analysed for Andhra Pradesh data. At the third stage interrelation between Pregnancy out come and reproductive risk has been analysed by using logistic regression. Further influence of background variables on reproductive loss and treatment seeking behavior has been analysed. The results revealed that women experience still birth in Andhra Pradesh found to be around 2.9. Further results revealed that women who had utilized antenatal care services found to have less risk in delivering last child than other. Maternal age and husband occupation played significant influence in utilization of health care services leading to safe delivery in these two selected states.
Risk factors and treatment seeking behavior of Tuberculosis In Selected Stat...PRAKASAM C P
In this paper an attempt is made to know 1.Prevalence of TB in four southern states, 2. Risk factors associated with the infection (TB) and 3.Health seeking behavior among the infected person with TB.
Data were collected from NFHS-3 for the four selected states viz: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Risk factors for the infection of TB have been identified as: 1.Houseld factors viz: Persons per room used for sleeping, Cooking fuel, Place for cooking, Type of fuel/stove, and 2.individual factors viz: Use of Tobacco, Use of Alcohol. Treatment seeking behavior has been identified as: Source of health care and Health insurance coverage
Background: Maternal health remains today, one of the major public health concerns in developing countries. Maternal deaths and newborn deaths usually occur within 48 hours of delivery. In Cameroon, despite all the initiatives set up by the Ministry of Public Health to reduce the mortality rate, the situation remains alarming in terms of postnatal consultation; this is much more felt in the West region of Cameroon, which is one of the most affected regions because 43.1% of women who give birth in hospitals do not return to postnatal consultation and this rate is higher than the national average with a value of 21.5%. Objective:This work aims to determine the factors influencing postnatal follow-up in the Bafang Health District. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study for analytical purposes, carried out in the Bafang Health District between January 1 to November 30, 2017. Our study population consisted of all women of childbearing age living in the Bafang Health District during the study period. The variables studied were sociodemographic characteristics, socio-cultural characteristics and the provision of care. Results: Analysis carried out during this study, it appears that, the person who informs the women on the dates of rendez-vous during the CPoN (OR = 2.92; [95%CI = 1.16-7,]; p-value = 0.02), women who think the appropriate period of postnatal follow-up is 6 weeks postpartum (OR = 4.27, [95%CI = 1.47-12.39], p-value = 0.00 ) and those who massage the abdomen after childbirth (OR = 2.62, [95%CI = 1.34 - 5.12], p-value = 0.00) are more likely to have knowledge about follow-up postnatal. While women who have no knowledge of postnatal follow-up (OR = 0.18, 95%CI = 0.07-0.45, p-value = 0.00) are less likely to have more knowledge. Conclusion: Lack of knowledge of the existence and importance of postnatal consultation (CPoN), traditional practices are the factors that influence postnatal follow-up in the Bafang Health District. A good and effective care for women after childbirth requires increased awareness campaigns at the hospital level as well as in community settings.
Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module SIM on Level of Knowledge Regardin...ijtsrd
Background Fertility is the natural capability to produce offspring. A lack of fertility is infertility while a lack of fecundity would be called sterility. The term infertility is defined as the inability to conceive despite regular and unprotected intercourse for 2 years. However, risk factors such as the womans age, abnormal menstrual periods, history of pelvic inflammatory disease and whether there has been previous abdominal or pelvic surgery, history of undescended testicles may warrant earlier investigations and treatment of infertility. Couples should be aware that 80 will conceive within a year and 90 within two years if they dont use contraception and have regular intercourse.1 Materials and Methods A pre experimental has provided comparison between a group of subjects before and after the experimental treatment used for this study. The sample consisted 60 staff nurses those were working in obstetrics and gynecology department in selected hospital Haridwar . They were selected by Convenient non – probability Sampling Technique. Data was collected by using a structured knowledge questionnaire regarding recent advancement in infertility treatment. Data analysis is done by using descriptive and inferential method. Results Findings suggest that the pre test knowledge score was 15.45 ±3.88 which has increased to post test knowledge score 30.11 ±3.4. Independent sample “t†test was calculated to find the significant difference between means of pretest and post test knowledge scores. The calculated t value was 23.036 df=59 at p 0.05 . This significant improvement in the knowledge can be attributed to the intervention. Conclusion Based on the findings of the study after the implementation of self instructional module, there is a significant increase in knowledge of staff nurses regarding the recent advancement in infertility treatment. Bhawna Sharma | Priscilla John | Asha ""Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) on Level of Knowledge Regarding Recent Advancements in Infertility Treatment among the Staff Nurses Working in Obstetrics and Gynecological Departments"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22929.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/22929/effectiveness-of-self-instructional-module-sim-on-level-of-knowledge-regarding-recent-advancements-in-infertility-treatment-among-the-staff-nurses-working-in-obstetrics-and-gynecological-departments/bhawna-sharma"
Effect of a Training Program about Maternal Fetal Attachment Skills on Prenat...iosrjce
to assess effect of a training program about maternal fetal attachment skills on prenatal attachment
among primigravida women.
Subjects and Methods: A quasi experimental research design was utilized. From a specific private Antenatal
Clinic in Mansoura city-Egypt eighty primigravida women aged 20 to 35 years, at 30th week gestation, had
singleton pregnancy and can read and write were selected purposively between of January and August 2011
and was equally divided into two groups; intervention group: received a training program on two MFA skills
and control group: received the routine antenatal care. Using interview sheet and Cranley's Maternal Fetal
Attachment Scale (MFAS) the data were collected at baseline and after two and four weeks of the enrollment.
Results: MFAS score had significantly increased in the intervention group from 61.6±5.9 at the baseline to
68.5±6.8 and 69.6 ±5.9 at 32nd, 34th week gestation respectively. While the changes of the MFAS total score in
the control group were insignificant.
Conclusion: MFAS total scores had significantly increased in the intervention group at 32nd and 34th week
gestation compared to the baseline score. Conversely, the MFAS total score did not differ significantly between
the baseline and two and four weeks after enrollment among the control group.
Recommendations: Enhancing the health care providers' awareness of the MFA skills to utilize in the
promotion of the prenatal MFA and motivate the active role of the nurses in helping the pregnant women to
adhere to the appropriate MFA skills are recommended.
Management of Labor in Pregnant Women using Traditional Medicines in Northern...Premier Publishers
Labor comes with pain, hence expectant mothers would desire for procedures and materials that would quicken the process and provide relief to the extreme pain. Women in developing countries are known to patronize traditional medicines hence it is most probable traditional medicines will be used for labor purposes. This study therefore assessed the level of usage of traditional medicines among pregnant women in the Tamale metropolis, identified the products used and their reasons for usage. Using convenience sampling method, data was collected from 301 respondents from 20 suburbs within the Tamale metropolis using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 and association between variables obtained using appropriate tools. Up to 25.9% of respondents used traditional medicine immediately before or during their most recent labor. Lower educational status, staying with extended family members, being a believer in Islam, home delivery and ever using traditional medicine before the most recent pregnancy were statistically associated with the use of traditional medicine to manage labor processes (p < 0.05). Various plants were found in formulating the traditional labor medicine known locally as ‘kalghutim’ with the bark of the Shea tree ((Vitellaria paradoxa) being present in most formulations.
Impact of Hormonal Contraceptive use upon Women's Social Relationship who att...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Study on utilization of antenatal care and outcome of pregnancy in a medical ...Suman Biswas
An Observational, Descriptive, Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study was done in Postnatal Ward of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata. Mothers admitted in postnatal ward of Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital were asked questions in a structured interview basis and the medical records were collected and reviewed from the department after taking proper informed consent with the guidance of the Department of Community Medicine of Calcutta national Medical College and hospital, Kolkata, India. The field work was done actively by me and my group of fellow medical students in between May and June of 2013.
The results were presented as a PowerPoint slide in the department of Community Medicine and they were submitted in the hospital for further evaluation and implementation. It was a part of MBBS medical graduation program.
Austin Journal of Women's Health is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of women's healthcare including gynecology, obstetrics, and breast cancer and policies.
Austin Journal of Women's Health is committed to improving the health and health care of all women throughout the lifetime and in diverse communities with focus on the prevention, diagnosis and administration of fertility.
Austin Journal of Women's Health accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, commentaries, clinical images and rapid communication on all the aspects of Women's Health.
Neonatal and Obstetric Risk Assessment (NORA) Pregnancy Cohort Study in Singa...Premier Publishers
The Neonatal and Obstetric Risk Assessment (NORA) pregnancy cohort study was set up to assess clinical, biochemical and biophysical markers for risk assessment and prediction of the outcomes early in pregnancy. A total of 3271 patients who were in KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital between September 2010 and October 2014 were screened and 1013 patients consented to participate in the study. Women were followed at 18 to 22 weeks, 28 to 32 weeks and 34 weeks and above, till their postnatal discharge from the hospital. Finally, 926 patients remained for studying the outcome. In NORA study, we established locally derived and gestational age-specific reference intervals for the five thyroid hormone parameters. Higher serum progesterone levels at 28–32 weeks of pregnancy were observed in women who had preterm deliveries compared with women with term deliveries in the cohort. We also found that extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers enhanced the predictive robustness of an existing pre-eclampsia (PE) biomarker sufficiently to justify PE screening in a low-risk general obstetric population. We plan to further conduct a range of serial assessments from the biosamples which will provide a comprehensive and valuable information of the dynamics of maternal conditions and fetal development during pregnancy.
Misconceptions about Oral Contraceptive Pill Used Among Women at Primary Heal...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Relationship of Antenatal Care with the Prevention of Maternal Mortality amon...iosrjce
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of antenatal care with the prevention of
maternal mortality among pregnant women in Bauchi state. An ex-post facto research design was used to study
308 subjects drawn from six local government areas in Bauchi state. The subjects were drawn through stratified
random sampling techniques. A close ended questionnaire was used to obtain responses from the subjects. Data
collected for this study were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and inferential
statistics of person product moment correlation analysis, 0.05 level of significance was used for all tests of
significance. Two research questions were asked and two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance.
Findings showed that, significance relationship existed between level of awareness and the prevention of
maternal mortality among pregnant women in Bauchi state; significant relationship existed between level of
utilization of antenatal care services among pregnant women and prevention of maternal mortality in Bauchi
state. Based on the findings above, the following recommendations were made: health professionals should
intensify enlightenment campaign on the benefits of antenatal care in Bauchi state. Pregnant women should be
encouraged to attend antenatal care services regularly as soon as possible for early detection of risk factors,
resulting to maternal mortality. Government should provide adequate facilities and equipment of antenatal care
in Bauchi state
Gap identification in birth asphyxia management among cmw's in dist rict hafi...Zubia Qureshi
Background: In Pakistan, Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) has remained static since 1994 (1). In early neonatal period approximately 82% deaths are attributed to Birth Asphyxia (2, 3). Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the CMWs knowledge regarding birth asphyxia in district Hafiz Abad, Pakistan. All the CMWs were included in the study, except those who were on leave in the study duration. Pre-structured questionnaire was used for this purpose. SPSS version 21 was used for analysis. Results: Response rate of this study is about 90%. Results showed that most of the CMWs i.e. 40 (72.7%) were below the age of 30 years, while 24 (40%) were married. Most of them 58.2% (32) had less than 3 years of experince as a community midwife. Regarding the diagnosis of Birth Asphyxia, 35 (63.6%) consider depressed breathing as sign of birth asphyxia. About 55% of the Community midwives took 30 minutes to resuscitate the baby. About 49% of them indicated that they use fetoscope to monitor the fetal heart rate. Age group and marital status of midwives found significantly associated with the proper diagnosis of Birth Asphyxia (P-value = <0.05). Cross tabulation results show that CMW’s age and marital status not significantly associated with time taken to manage the birth asphyxia (P-Value 0.164 and 0.141 respectively), while professional experience is significantly associated with it with p-value <0.001. Recommendations: There is need for continuous training of CMW’s in proper resuscitation and management skills of Birth Asphyxia. In addition, there is also a need to ensure the availability of resuscitating equipment’s and proper resources, so that the quality of proper neonatal care is ensured. Key words: Birth Asphyxia, Neonates, Mortality, Community midwives, Knowledge, Management.
Neonatal Outcome In Pregnancy Induced Hypertensive Mothers – A Tertiary Care ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Introduction: Preeclampsia is a medical emergency implicated in maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. Research directed at finding the aetiologies of pre-eclampsia is inconclusive because most studies are either cross-sectional or semi -longitudinal in design with very limited potentials to determine precisely the age of pregnancy to suspect the development of preeclampsia with an absolute biomarker.
Trichomoniasis in the women is usually asymptotic however the disease might be manifested as vaginitis, cervicitis, urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and adverse birth outcomes. Methods: A case-control hospital based study conducted at Kassala Hospitals, eastern Sudan during the period from 1st January 2015 to 30th June 2015 to investigate the prevalence rate of Trichomoniasis during pregnancy and its impact on neonatal outcome. Results: During the study period there were 199 infected women with T vaginalis among 2374 deliveries yielding a prevalence rate of 8.3%. The vast majority (140/199, 70.4%) was asymptomatic while the rest presented with vaginal discharge (33/199, 16.6%), itching (16/199, 8%) and dysuria (10/199, 5%). With regard to membranes status and neonatal outcome higher proportion of infected women presented with premature ruptured membranes (30, 15.1% Vs 6, 3%; P = 0.000) and gave preterm birth (31, 15.6% Vs 7, 3.5%; P= 0.000). Using logistic regression analysis the study showed significant association between Trichomoniasis, preterm birth (CI= 1.1 � 13.6, OR= 3.9, P= 0.030) and premature rupture of the amniotic sac before 4 centimeter dilatation (CI= 1.0 3.2, OR= 1.8, P= 0.025). Conclusion: Trichomoniasis is highly prevalent among parturient women in eastern Sudan, and there is significant association between Trichomoniasis, preterm birth and premature ruptured membranes.
Study on utilization of antenatal care and outcome of pregnancy in a medical ...Sudipta Naskar
A study on Ante-natal care utilization by the mothers in Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital done by the 3rd Professional (Part I) M.B.B.S. students of Calcutta National Medical College under the guidance of the teachers of Community Medicine.
AIDSTAR-One PRASIT: Using Strategic Behavioral Communication to Change Gender...AIDSTAROne
Programs focused on promoting gender equity and combating detrimental gender norms play a key role in HIV prevention. This case study (one of nine in a series) documents how the PRASIT program in Cambodia targets entertainment workers, their mainly middle class and male clients, and males who have sex with males using strategic behavior communication. Although the programs vary in their approaches, strategies employed by PRASIT have focused on community outreach, mass media campaigns, and peer education.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/gender/resources/case_study_series/prasit_cambodia
Study on utilization of antenatal care and outcome of pregnancy in a medical ...Suman Biswas
An Observational, Descriptive, Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study was done in Postnatal Ward of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata. Mothers admitted in postnatal ward of Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital were asked questions in a structured interview basis and the medical records were collected and reviewed from the department after taking proper informed consent with the guidance of the Department of Community Medicine of Calcutta national Medical College and hospital, Kolkata, India. The field work was done actively by me and my group of fellow medical students in between May and June of 2013.
The results were presented as a PowerPoint slide in the department of Community Medicine and they were submitted in the hospital for further evaluation and implementation. It was a part of MBBS medical graduation program.
Austin Journal of Women's Health is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of women's healthcare including gynecology, obstetrics, and breast cancer and policies.
Austin Journal of Women's Health is committed to improving the health and health care of all women throughout the lifetime and in diverse communities with focus on the prevention, diagnosis and administration of fertility.
Austin Journal of Women's Health accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, commentaries, clinical images and rapid communication on all the aspects of Women's Health.
Neonatal and Obstetric Risk Assessment (NORA) Pregnancy Cohort Study in Singa...Premier Publishers
The Neonatal and Obstetric Risk Assessment (NORA) pregnancy cohort study was set up to assess clinical, biochemical and biophysical markers for risk assessment and prediction of the outcomes early in pregnancy. A total of 3271 patients who were in KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital between September 2010 and October 2014 were screened and 1013 patients consented to participate in the study. Women were followed at 18 to 22 weeks, 28 to 32 weeks and 34 weeks and above, till their postnatal discharge from the hospital. Finally, 926 patients remained for studying the outcome. In NORA study, we established locally derived and gestational age-specific reference intervals for the five thyroid hormone parameters. Higher serum progesterone levels at 28–32 weeks of pregnancy were observed in women who had preterm deliveries compared with women with term deliveries in the cohort. We also found that extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers enhanced the predictive robustness of an existing pre-eclampsia (PE) biomarker sufficiently to justify PE screening in a low-risk general obstetric population. We plan to further conduct a range of serial assessments from the biosamples which will provide a comprehensive and valuable information of the dynamics of maternal conditions and fetal development during pregnancy.
Misconceptions about Oral Contraceptive Pill Used Among Women at Primary Heal...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Relationship of Antenatal Care with the Prevention of Maternal Mortality amon...iosrjce
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of antenatal care with the prevention of
maternal mortality among pregnant women in Bauchi state. An ex-post facto research design was used to study
308 subjects drawn from six local government areas in Bauchi state. The subjects were drawn through stratified
random sampling techniques. A close ended questionnaire was used to obtain responses from the subjects. Data
collected for this study were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and inferential
statistics of person product moment correlation analysis, 0.05 level of significance was used for all tests of
significance. Two research questions were asked and two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance.
Findings showed that, significance relationship existed between level of awareness and the prevention of
maternal mortality among pregnant women in Bauchi state; significant relationship existed between level of
utilization of antenatal care services among pregnant women and prevention of maternal mortality in Bauchi
state. Based on the findings above, the following recommendations were made: health professionals should
intensify enlightenment campaign on the benefits of antenatal care in Bauchi state. Pregnant women should be
encouraged to attend antenatal care services regularly as soon as possible for early detection of risk factors,
resulting to maternal mortality. Government should provide adequate facilities and equipment of antenatal care
in Bauchi state
Gap identification in birth asphyxia management among cmw's in dist rict hafi...Zubia Qureshi
Background: In Pakistan, Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) has remained static since 1994 (1). In early neonatal period approximately 82% deaths are attributed to Birth Asphyxia (2, 3). Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the CMWs knowledge regarding birth asphyxia in district Hafiz Abad, Pakistan. All the CMWs were included in the study, except those who were on leave in the study duration. Pre-structured questionnaire was used for this purpose. SPSS version 21 was used for analysis. Results: Response rate of this study is about 90%. Results showed that most of the CMWs i.e. 40 (72.7%) were below the age of 30 years, while 24 (40%) were married. Most of them 58.2% (32) had less than 3 years of experince as a community midwife. Regarding the diagnosis of Birth Asphyxia, 35 (63.6%) consider depressed breathing as sign of birth asphyxia. About 55% of the Community midwives took 30 minutes to resuscitate the baby. About 49% of them indicated that they use fetoscope to monitor the fetal heart rate. Age group and marital status of midwives found significantly associated with the proper diagnosis of Birth Asphyxia (P-value = <0.05). Cross tabulation results show that CMW’s age and marital status not significantly associated with time taken to manage the birth asphyxia (P-Value 0.164 and 0.141 respectively), while professional experience is significantly associated with it with p-value <0.001. Recommendations: There is need for continuous training of CMW’s in proper resuscitation and management skills of Birth Asphyxia. In addition, there is also a need to ensure the availability of resuscitating equipment’s and proper resources, so that the quality of proper neonatal care is ensured. Key words: Birth Asphyxia, Neonates, Mortality, Community midwives, Knowledge, Management.
Neonatal Outcome In Pregnancy Induced Hypertensive Mothers – A Tertiary Care ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Introduction: Preeclampsia is a medical emergency implicated in maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. Research directed at finding the aetiologies of pre-eclampsia is inconclusive because most studies are either cross-sectional or semi -longitudinal in design with very limited potentials to determine precisely the age of pregnancy to suspect the development of preeclampsia with an absolute biomarker.
Trichomoniasis in the women is usually asymptotic however the disease might be manifested as vaginitis, cervicitis, urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and adverse birth outcomes. Methods: A case-control hospital based study conducted at Kassala Hospitals, eastern Sudan during the period from 1st January 2015 to 30th June 2015 to investigate the prevalence rate of Trichomoniasis during pregnancy and its impact on neonatal outcome. Results: During the study period there were 199 infected women with T vaginalis among 2374 deliveries yielding a prevalence rate of 8.3%. The vast majority (140/199, 70.4%) was asymptomatic while the rest presented with vaginal discharge (33/199, 16.6%), itching (16/199, 8%) and dysuria (10/199, 5%). With regard to membranes status and neonatal outcome higher proportion of infected women presented with premature ruptured membranes (30, 15.1% Vs 6, 3%; P = 0.000) and gave preterm birth (31, 15.6% Vs 7, 3.5%; P= 0.000). Using logistic regression analysis the study showed significant association between Trichomoniasis, preterm birth (CI= 1.1 � 13.6, OR= 3.9, P= 0.030) and premature rupture of the amniotic sac before 4 centimeter dilatation (CI= 1.0 3.2, OR= 1.8, P= 0.025). Conclusion: Trichomoniasis is highly prevalent among parturient women in eastern Sudan, and there is significant association between Trichomoniasis, preterm birth and premature ruptured membranes.
Study on utilization of antenatal care and outcome of pregnancy in a medical ...Sudipta Naskar
A study on Ante-natal care utilization by the mothers in Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital done by the 3rd Professional (Part I) M.B.B.S. students of Calcutta National Medical College under the guidance of the teachers of Community Medicine.
AIDSTAR-One PRASIT: Using Strategic Behavioral Communication to Change Gender...AIDSTAROne
Programs focused on promoting gender equity and combating detrimental gender norms play a key role in HIV prevention. This case study (one of nine in a series) documents how the PRASIT program in Cambodia targets entertainment workers, their mainly middle class and male clients, and males who have sex with males using strategic behavior communication. Although the programs vary in their approaches, strategies employed by PRASIT have focused on community outreach, mass media campaigns, and peer education.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/gender/resources/case_study_series/prasit_cambodia
[[IAA JSR 10(1)49-60, 2023.Awareness and Practice of Breast Feeding among Mot...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Breastfeeding is a key tool for nourishing a baby, preventing childhood illnesses like obesity, and hypertension later on in life. In addition, it reduces the cost to the family and the entire country. Uganda to some extent faces a great deal of challenges, particularly in the health sector. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of exclusive breastfeeding in mothers with infants between 1 day to 2 years of age attending the immunization and the pediatric inpatient in Kiryandongo Hospital and to identify factors that affect exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). A cross-section descriptive survey design was used. 187 respondents were selected randomly. The data were collected using a questionnaire and the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages. The result of this study showed that 71.2 % knew the correct definition and duration of exclusive breastfeeding, 59.7% exclusively breastfeeds for the first six (6) months of life, 100% gave colostrum to their babies because they believed it provides nutrition and protection to their babies, 87% breastfed on demand. The result also showed that there is a positive attitude of mothers toward exclusive breastfeeding as 86.6% of them agreed that breast milk alone is sufficient to the baby during the first six (6) months of life as well as believed that EBF has benefits to both the infants and the mother. 51% of respondents weaned their babies between 15-18 months and 41% weaned between 19 months to 2 years. It was concluded that there was a high level of knowledge on breastfeeding among the respondents, more than half of the respondents practiced exclusive breastfeeding as recommended and relatively all the respondents had positive attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding.
Keywords: knowledge, attitude, practice, breastfeeding, mothers
A descriptive study on newborn care among postnatal mothers in selected mater...pharmaindexing
The newborn health challenge faced by India is more formidable than that experienced by any other country in the world. The newborn health is inevitably affected by the traditional care practices of the mothers causing high infant morbidity and mortality.The aim of the study were determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of postnatal mothers regarding new born care and find out the association between knowledge, attitude and practice of postnatal mothers regarding new born care and to determine the association between these as well as with the selected demographic variables. A descriptive study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of postnatal mothers regarding new born care in selected maternity centres in Madurai. Survey approach was employed to select sample and it consisted of 100 postnatal mothers. Data was collected using structured interview schedule. Findings of the study showed that 65% of postnatal mothers had moderate knowledge; 61% had favourable attitude and 57% of them had high practice of new born care. There was a significant association between knowledge and attitude (r=+0.567), knowledge and practice (r=+0.388), attitude and practice (r=+0.321) .There was a significant association between knowledge and education, monthly family income and obstetrical score at p<0.05. Findings of the study indicated the need to conduct frequent assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of postnatal mothers regarding new born care. Awareness and attitude of the mothers towards new born care still has lots of lacunae especially in those who belong to the lower socio economic statusand poorly educated postnatal mothers. So it is imperative to provide comprehensive training in the field of new born care for mothers during pregnancy
CORE Group Fall Meeting 2010. WHO/UNICEF - Joint Statement Service Delivery & Program Implications, - Winnie Mwebesa & Stella Abwao, Save the Children.
3 of 4: Reducing Neonatal Mortality - Prevention, Early Detection and Treatme...JSI
This presentation by Luke C. Mullany of Johns Hopkins University, "Neonatal Infections: Global and Regional Burden and Interventions" was part of a dynamic panel moderated by JSI's Dr. Penny Dawson on February 13, 2015 at the 14th World Congress on Public Health in Kolkata, India. Four speakers summarized evidence for interventions proven to reduce newborn mortality (e.g., chlorhexidine) and shared important policy and programmatic experiences in prevention and treatment of neonatal infections. JSI's Leela Khanal and Dr. Nosa Orobaton spoke about experiences from Nepal and Nigeria in scaling up chlorhexidine use in those countries. Another speaker shared results from the COMBINE trial in Ethiopia, implemented primarily by JSI with support from SAVE/SNL, which evaluated the impact on neonatal mortality of health extension worker-led management of bacterial infections.
MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH PROGRAMME IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
According to W.H.O. (1976) Maternal & child health services can be defined as “promoting, preventing, therapeutic or rehabilitation facility or care for the mother & child.” Thus maternal & child health services is an important & essential services related to mother & child’s overall development.
6. Reduce maternal, perinatal, infant & child mortality & morbidity rates. Child survival. Promoting reproductive health or safe motherhood. Ensure birth of healthy child.
7. Prevent malnutrition. Prevent communicable disease. Early diagnosis & treatment of the health problems. Health education & family planning services.
8. The MCH service are rendered through the infrastructure of P.H.C. & sub centers. It is proposed to set up one P.H.C. & sub-centers. It is proposed to set up one P.H.C. for every 30,0000 population, & one sub-centers for every 3000 to 5000 population. Each sub-centers are foundation of national health system. Each sub-sub-center is manned by a team of one male & female health worker. In addition there is a team of one trained Dai & one health guidein every village.
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
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How to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for Doctors
Study on utilization of antenatal care and outcome of pregnancy in a medical college & hospital of kolkata wb
1.
2.
3. • 'Be good to your baby before it is born'.
• This aphorism serves to emphasize the importance
of medical care during pregnancy. The care is so
important because, the fetal organs are actively
developing during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.
• The embryo is highly susceptible to external insults
during this time, so that any damage can lead to
crippling birth defects.1
4. • WHO defines ante natal care as ‘A care which
includes recording medical history,
assessment of individual needs, advice and
guidance on pregnancy and delivery,
screening tests, education on self-care during
pregnancy, identification of conditions
detrimental to health during pregnancy, first-
line management and referral if necessary.’
5. •So Antenatal care is the systemic medical
supervision of women during pregnancy. It
preserves the physiological aspect of
pregnancy and labor and to prevent or detect,
as early as possible, all that is pathological.1
•The primary aim of antenatal care is to
achieve, at the end of pregnancy, a healthy
mother and baby.
6. •The quality of care is more important than
the quantity.2
It is the care that mother had
received during pregnancy which included
IFA tablets, TT, blood, urine tests and
ultrasonographic investigations.1
•According to SRS (2012) the IMR is 44 per
1000 live birth which was attributed to
primarily low birth weight, severe anemia,
high birth rate and low spacing4
.
7. •Low birth weight and preterm deliveries in turn are
related to adolescent pregnancies and short spacing.
The Neonatal mortality rate in West Bengal in 2010
was 24 per 1000 live birth and 19 per 1000 live birth in
urban area.
•The infant mortality rate in West Bengal in 2010 was
32 per 1000 live birth in rural area and 25 per 1000 live
birth in urban area.4
The Maternal mortality rate
(MMR) in West Bengal in 2010 was 212 per 100,00
women of reproductive age group.
8. •A very important aspect of antenatal
care is to offer information and advice
to women about pregnancy and the
related complications. It also informs
about the care a mother should take for
herself and the possible curative
measures on early detection of
complications and its management.
9. •Antenatal care also plays a critical role for
preparing a woman and her families for child
birth by establishing confidence, further
antenatal visits raise the awareness about the
need for care during delivery.3
•Most maternal death to pregnancy related
complication can be prevented if pregnant
women have access to good quality antenatal
care & if certain harmful birth practices are
avoided.4
10. •In West Bengal 51.1% women take more
than 3 antenatal visits, 47% practice
institutional deliveries and 46.6% take 100
IFA tablets.4
•High maternal mortality can also be
reduced by early registration of pregnancy,
taking at least 4 antenatal visits,
prevention and treatment of complications
like – eclampsia, malpresentations,
diabetes and hypertension.
11. Primary aims of antenatal care-
To achieve at the end of the pregnancy a healthy mother & a
healthy baby.
To promote, protect & maintain the health of mother during
pregnancy.
To foresee complications & prevent them.
To reduce maternal & infant mortality rate.
To teach the mother elements of child care, nutrition, personal
hygiene, environmental sanitation & family planning.
These can be achieved through a well planned package of
antenatal services provided at different health facilities. The
desired outcome is having a healthy child out of a healthy mother
12. AIMS & OBJECTIVES
To assess sociodemographic profile of
mother admitted in postnatal ward of
CNMCH.
To find out antenatal care services utilized
by them.
To determine the outcome of pregnancy.
To assess the association of
sociodemographic profile & antenatal care
utilization with the outcome of pregnancy, if
any.
13.
14. Type of Study – Observational, Descriptive, Hospital Based Study.
Study Design – Cross-sectional .
Place of study – Post-natal ward of Calcutta National Medical College &
Hospital, Kolkata.
Study Population – Mothers admitted in postnatal ward of Calcutta
National Medical College & Hospital.
15. Study Duration – 23rd
May 2013 to 19th
June2013 → 28 Days
1st
week-
Topic Selection
Discussion
Schedule preparation
2nd
week-
•Data Collection
3rd
week-
•Data Entry
•Data Analysis
4th
week-
•Report writing
•Presentation
16. Sampling Technique –
Complete enumeration – All the mothers admitted in the postnatal
ward during the period of data collection were included in the study.
Exclusion criteria –
Those mothers who didn’t give consent to participate.
Those mothers who were severely ill.
Sample Size –
Thus the total sample size was160.
Study Technique -
Interview method – of the patients.
Record review method – Review of all the prescriptions & ANC
Cards with investigation reports.
17. Study Tools –
A pretested, predesigned, semi-structured
schedule.
Antenatal Card
Bed Head Tickets with special investigation
reports
Prescription (if available.)
18. Variables included in the study -
Age .
Religion.
Residence.
Education of patients &
their husbands.
Occupation of patients and
their husbands.
Socio-economic status.
Type of family.
Parity
Number of living children.
Number of ANC visits.
Time of registration for
ANC.
Investigations done.
Prophylaxis given.
Advices given.
Practices during pregnancy.
Outcome of pregnancy.
19. ♦ Study Procedure ♦
The topic was chosen &
Discussed.
Schedule was prepared with
the help of teachers.
Pretesting of the schedule
was done on 10 subjects &
necessary corrections done.
After taking informed consent from
the patients study was conducted by
interviewing the mothers admitted in
the postnatal ward. Additional
information were noted after
consulting the necessary records.
The data thus collected,
were compiled & analysed
using MS Excel & Word.
Report was prepared &
presented.
20.
21. Table 1 : Distribution of study population according
to age (n= 160)
Age (yrs) Number percentage
<20 27 16.87
20-25 93 58.13
26-30 32 20.00
>30 8 5.00
Total 160 100
COMMENT : Majority of the study population were within the
age group of 20 to 25 years.
22.
23. Table 2 : Distribution of study population according
to RELIGION. (n= 160)
Religion Number Percentage
Hindu 80 50.00
Muslim 76 47.50
Christian 4 2.50
Total 160 100
COMMENT : Most of the study population (50%) are Hindus.
24. Table 3 : Distribution of study population according
to residence . (n=160)
Residence Number Percentage
Rural 100 62.50
Urban 60 37.50
Total 160 100
COMMENT : 62.50 % of the study population belong to the rural area.
25. Table 4: Distribution of study population according to
Education . (n=160 )
Education Wife
[No.(%)]
Husband
[No.(%)]
Illiterate 16 (10.00) 16 (10.00)
Just literate 16 (10.00) 15 (9.37)
Primary 42 (26.25) 36 (22.50)
Mid School 43 (26.87) 37 (23.12)
Secondary 32 (20.00) 27 (16.88)
Higher secondary 7 (4.38) 20 (12.50)
Graduate & Above 4 (2.50) 9 (5.63)
Total 160 (100) 160 (100)
COMMENT : Most of the study population (53.12%) & their husbands
(45.62%) were educated up to Mid school & primary level.
26. Table 5 : Distribution Of Study Population According
to Patients Occupation. (n = 160)
OCCUPATION Number %
SERVICE 1 0.63
SKILLED WORKER 3 1.80
UNSKILLED WORKER 6 3.75
HOME MAKER 150 93.75
TOTAL 160 100
COMMENTS – Majority (93.75%) are home makers.
27. OCCUPATION Number %
SERVICE 6 3.75
SMALL BUSINESS 33 20.62
SKILLED WORKER 48 30.00
UNSKILLED WORKER 72 45.00
UNEMPLOYED 1 0.63
TOTAL 160 100
COMMENTS – Most are unskilled workers.
28. SOCIOECONOMIC
STATUS
Number %
UPPER MIDDLE 10 6.25
LOWER MIDDLE 39 24.38
POOR 84 52.50
VERY POOR 27 16.88
TOTAL 160 100
COMMENTS – Majority of the study population (52.5%)are poor,
whereas people from high & upper high class were not
found during the study.
29. TYPE OF FAMILY Number %
JOINT 85 53.13
NUCLEAR 75 46.88
TOTAL 160 100
COMMENTS – Most of the study population are from joint families.
30. TABLE 9 : Distribution of Study population according
to parity. (n = 160)
Parity Number %
1 109 68.12
2 44 27.50
≥3 7 4.38
TOTAL 160 100
COMMENT : Majority (68.12%) of the study population were primi.
31. TABLE 10 : Distribution of Study Population According
to spacing from last child birth. (n = 54)
SPACING (in years) Number %
< 3 48 88.89
≥3 6 11.11
TOTAL 54 100
COMMENT : Majority ( 88.89%) of the study population were pregnant
within 3 years of last child birth.
(106 patients were primi & 3 of them have no living issues)
32. Table 11: Distribution of study population according to
time of registration. (n= 160)
Time of registration Number Percentage
≤ 12 Weeks 128 80.00
> 12 Weeks 32 20.00
TOTAL 160 100
COMMENT : Majority (80%) of the study population have
registered within 12 weeks.
33.
34. Table 12: Distribution of study population according
to place of visit. (n= 160)
Place of visit Number Percentage
Government
Sub-Centre 17 10.63
Primary Health Centre 39 24.38
Govt. Hospitals 95 59.38
Private 14 8.75
COMMENT : Most of the study population visited Govt. institution
for their antenatal care.
35. Table 13: Distribution of study population according to utilization of
antenatal care. (n=160)
Antenatal Care Utilization Number Percentage
I. No. of antenatal visit
1 3 1.88
2 11 6.87
3 30 18.74
4 37 23.13
>4 79 49.38
II. No. of time BP measured
0 3 1.88
1 8 5.00
2 14 8.75
3 38 23.75
≥4 97 60.62
III. No. of time weight measured
0 4 2.50
1 6 3.75
2 19 11.87
3 28 17.50
≥ 4 103 64.38
36. COMMENT : Majority (72.51%) of study population took 4 or more
antenatal visits. Weight & blood pressure was measured 4
times or more in 64.38% and 60.25% of the study
population respectively.
37. Table 14 : Distribution of study population according to
different types of blood investigations done.
(n=160)
Investigations Done Results
Frequency Percentage
Hb% 137 85.63
VDRL 92 57.50
HIV 88 55.00
HbsAg 79 49.37
ABO group 131 81.87
Rh typing 131 81.88
Sugar 86 53.75
Comment : Majority of study population had done investigation of Hb%,
ABO grouping, Rh typing ; whereas in around 50% cases
VDRL, HIV, Sugar testing are done .
38. Table 15 : Distribution of study population according to
different other investigations done . (n=160)
Investigations done Results
Urine
RE
C&S
Frequency Percentage
27 16.86
4 2.50
Stool 5 3.12
USG 149 93.12
Comment : In majority of cases USG is done, while frequency of doing
other investigations are low .
39. Table 16: Distribution of study population according to
iron & folic acid tablet intake (n=160)
No. Of Tablets taken Frequency Percentage
< 100 72 45.00
100 – 200 70 43.75
> 200 2 1.25
Nil 16 10.00
Total 160 100
Comment : 43.75% subjects have taken 100-200 tablets, while 10%
subjects did not take anything .
40. Table 17: Distribution of study population according to
history of tetanus toxoid. (n=160)
Tetanus Toxoid Frequency Percentage
Only TT1 2 1.25
TT1 & TT2 154 96.25
Booster 2 1.25
Nil 2 1.25
Total 160 100
Comment : Majority of study population has received both TT1 and TT2 ,
whereas 1.25% cases does not receive any dose of toxoid .
41. TABLE 18: Distribution of study population on the basis
of the advices given. (n=160)
ADVICES GIVEN FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
REST 145 90.63
DIET 150 93.75
PLACE OF DELIVERY 123 76.88
BREAST FEEDING 143 89.38
CONTRACEPTION 47 29.38
PERSONAL HYGIENE 139 86.88
ADDICTION 101 63.13
DRUG ADVICE 109 68.13
COUNTING FOETAL
MOVEMENTS
124 77.50
COMMENT – Most of the mothers were given advices on rest, diet, breast
feeding & place of delivery. Only 30% of the study population was
given advice regarding contraception.
42. ADVICES GIVEN ( DANGER SIGNS) FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
GEN. SWELLING 99 61.88
BLEEDING P.V. 88 55.00
HEADACHE 93 58.13
BLURRING OF VISION 75 46.88
PAIN ABDOMEN 98 61.25
CONVULSION 88 55.00
WATERY DISCHARGE P.V. 80 50.00
PALPITATION 86 53.75
BREATHLESSNESS 102 63.75
REDUCED FOETAL MOVEMENT 70 43.75
COMMENT– Around 60% of the study population were given advices
on BREATHLESSNESS, Gen. Swelling and PAIN ABDOMEN. Rest of the
danger signs were informed to about 50% of the study population.
TABLE 19: Distribution of study population on the basis of
advices regarding Danger Signs. (n=160)
43. Table 20 : Distribution of study population according to
dietary practice during pregnancy.
(n=160)
Dietary practice Number Percentage
Increased 74 46.25
Same 53 33.12
Reduced 33 20.63
Total 160 100
Comment : Most of the population have increased diet during
their pregnancy period.
44. Table 21: Distribution of study population according
to strenuous activity during pregnancy.
(n=160)
Strenuous activity Number Percentage
Yes 31 19.38
No 129 80.62
Total 160 100
Comment : Majority of the population (80.62%) did not perform any
strenuous activity during pregnancy .
45. Table 22 : Distribution of study population according
to addiction during pregnancy. (n= 160)
Addiction Number Percentage
Yes 5 3.12
No 155 96.88
Total 160 100
Comment : Majority of the population (96.88%) didn’t have
any addiction history during pregnancy .
(The main addiction was tobacco chewing.)
46. Table 23 : Distribution of study population according to
outcome of pregnancy. (n= 160 )
Outcome Number %
Live birth
NBW 104 65.00
LBW 52 32.50
Still birth 1 0.62
Neonatal Death 1 0.62
Abortion 2 1.26
Total 160 100
COMMENT – 1. 32.5% of the study population gave birth to low
birth weight baby.
2. One case of still birth & neonatal death and 2 cases
of abortion were also noted.
47. Education Live birth Still birth
[No.(%)]
Abortion
[No.(%)]
Neonatal
death
[No.(%)]
Total
[No.(%)]
Normal birth
weight
[No.(%)]
Low Birth
Weight
[No.(%)]
Illiterate 6 (37.50) 10(62.5) 16 (100)
Just literate 10(66.67) 5(33.33) 15 (100)
Primary 14(33.33) 24(57.14) 1(2.30) 2(4.70) 1(2.30) 42 (100)
Mid school 18(45.00) 22(55.00) 40 (100)
Secondary 15(46.88) 16(50.00) 1(3.12) 32 (100)
H.S &
Above
8(53.32) 7(46.67) 15 (100)
Table 24 : Distribution Of Study Population according to
Educational Status & outcome of pregnancy.
(n =160)
COMMENT – Occurrence of low birth weight is much higher among
the illiterate population.
48. SOSCIOECONOMIC
STATUS
LIVE BIRTH STILL
BORN
[No.(%)]
ABORTION
[No.(%)]
NEONATAL
DEATH
[No.(%)]
TOTAL
[No.(%)]
Normal
birth weight
[No.(%)]
Low Birth
Weight
[No.(%)]
UPPER MIDDLE 10(100) - - - - 10(100)
LOWER MIDDLE 32(82.05) 7(17.95) - - - 39(100)
POOR 45(53.57) 37(44.05) 1(1.19) 1(1.19) - 84(100)
VERY POOR 19(70.37) 6(22.22) - 1(3.70) 1(3.70) 27(100)
COMMENTS – Adverse outcomes of pregnancy (Low Birth weight,
Abortion, Still Birth, Neonatal death) were more common in
poor & very poor families.
49. SPACING LIVE BIRTH STILL
BIRTH
[No.(%)]
ABORTION
[No.(%)]
NEONATAL
DEATH
[No.(%)]
TOTAL
[No.(%)]
Normal
birth weight
[No.(%)]
Low Birth
Weight
[No.(%)]
<3 33(68.75) 14(29.17) 0 0 1(2.08) 48(100)
≥3 5(83.33) 1(16.67) 0 0 0 6(100)
TABLE 26: Distribution Of Study Population according to
spacing from last child birth and pregnancy
outcome. (n =54)
COMMENT : Proportion of normal birth weight babies was more in cases
where spacing from the last child birth was more than or equals to
3 years.
50. PARITY LIVE BIRTH STILL
BIRTH
[No.(%)]
ABORTION
[No.(%)]
NEONATAL
DEATH
[No.(%)]
TOTAL
[No.(%)]
Normal
birth weight
[No.(%)]
Low Birth
Weight
[No.(%)]
1
92(84.42) 15(13.76) 1(0.91) 1(0.91) 0 109(100)
2
16(36.36) 27(61.37) 0 0 1(2.27) 44
≥3
4(57.14) 3(42.86) 0 0 0 7
TOTAL
121 45 1 1 1 160
TABLE 27 : Distribution of study population according to
parity & pregnancy outcome. (n = 160)
COMMENT : Most of the primi mothers gave birth to NBW babies.
51. Prophylaxis
taken
Outcome of pregnancy
Live birth Still birth
[No.(%)]
Abortion
[No.(%)]
Neonatal
death
[No.(%)]
Total
[No.(%)]
Normal
Birth weight
[No.(%)]
Low birth
weight
[No.(%)]
Iron and
folic acid
tablets
<100 19(46.66) 24(50.00) 0 2 1(3.33) 30(100%)
≥100 46(40.00) 68(59.13) 1(0.86) 0 0 115(100%)
Tetanus
Nil 0 1(50.00) 0 1(50.00) 0 2(100%)
Only TT1 70(44.02) 86(54.08) 1(0.62) 1(0.62 1(0.62 159(100%)
TT2/Booster 67(43.79) 85(54.90) 2(0.65) 0 1(0.65) 153(100%)
COMMENT : 50% of the study population who have taken <100 IFA tablets
& no TT gave birth to low birth weight baby.
52. Table 29: Distribution of study population according to ANC
utilization and outcome of pregnancy. (n=160)
ANC Utilization Outcome Of Pregnancy
Live Birth Still Birth
[No.(%)]
Abortion
[No.(%)]
Neonatal
Death
[No.(%)]
Total
[No.(%)]
Normal Birth
weight
[No.(%)]
Low Birth
weight
[No.(%)]
No. of visit
<4 24 (51.07) 20 (42.55) 0 2(4.26) 1(2.12) 47(100)
≥4 46 (40.35) 67 (58.77) 1(0.88) 0 0 114(100)
Time of
Registration
In weeks
≤12 27 (39.13) 40 (57.97) 0 2(2.89) 0 69 (100)
>12 38 (41.37) 52 (57.40) 1 0 1(1.14) 87 (100)
53. COMMENT:
1. 40.35% of study population gave birth to normal birth weight baby
>4 ANC visits.
2. 31.13% of study population gave birth to normal birth weight baby
and had registered in <12 weeks
3. 41.37% of study population gave birth to normal birth weight baby
and had registered in >12 weeks
54. PRACTICES
DURING
PREGNANCY
LIVE BIRTH STILL
BORN
NO(%)
ABORTION
N0(%)
NEONATA
L DEATH
NO(%)
TOTAL
NO(%)
Normal
birth
weight
[No.(%)]
Low Birth
Weight
[No.(%)]
1.DIET DURING
PREGNANCY:-
a. Increased 27(50.94) 22(41.50) 1(1.80) 2(3.77) 1(1.80) 53(100)
b. Same 59(79.72) 15(20.27) - - - 74(100)
c. Decreased 19(57.57) 14(42.42) - - - 33(100)
2.ANY STRENUOUS
ACTIVITY DURING
PREGNANCY:-
a. Yes* 24(80.00) 4(13.33) 1(3.33) 1(3.33) 30(100)
b. No* 82(63.07) 46(35.38) - 2(1.54) - 130(100)
Table 30 : Distribution Of Study Population According
to Practices During Pregnancy & Outcome
of Pregnancy. (n=160)
CONTINUED……..
55. PRACTICES
DURING
PREGNANCY
LIVE BIRTH STILL
BORN
NO(%)
ABORTIO
N
[No(%)]
NEONATAL
DEATH
NO(%)
TOTAL
NO(%)Normal
birth weight
[No.(%)]
Low Birth
Weight
[No.(%)]
3.ADDICTION:-
a. Yes 5(100) - - - - 5(100)
b. No 101(65.16) 50(32.26) 1 (0.65) 2 (1.29) 1 (0.65) 155(100)
COMMENT –
1. Majority of mothers(51%) who have taken increased diet during pregnancy gave
birth to normal birth weight babies.
2. 63% of mothers who have not done any strenuous activity during pregnancy
gave birth to normal birth weight babies.
3. 65% mothers who have no addiction gave birth to normal birth weight babies.
56.
57. A descriptive, observational, Cross Sectional study with the title of “THE
UTILIZATION OF ANTE NATAL CARE AND OUTCOME OF PREGNANCY”
had been undertaken on the mothers admitted in the postnatal ward of CNMC&H
from 28th
May to 19th
June, in 2013.
The objectives of the study were :
To assess sociodemographic profile of post- natal mother admitted in CNMCH.
To find out antenatal care services utilized by them.
To determine the outcome of pregnancy.
To assess the association of sociodemographic profile & antenatal care
utilization with the outcome of pregnancy, if any.
The data were collected interviewing all the mothers (160) after taking their
informed consent and also by reviewing records.
Findings of the study were as follows :
. Majority of the study population were within the age group of 20 to 25 years.
58. Majority of study population (50%) were Hindus & belong to rural area(62.5%)
Most of the study population (53.12%) & their husbands(45.62%) were
educated up to Mid school & primary level.
Majority of them were home makers &their husbands were unskilled workers.
Majority were from joint families with poor socioeconomic status
Majority (68.25%) of the study population are primi Para :
88.89% of the multipara mothers were pregnant within 3 years of last child
birth.
Majority (75%) have registered within 12 weeks & 94 % visited Govt.
institution for their antenatal care.
59. Majority of study population took 4 or more antenatal visits. Weight & blood
pressure was measured 4 times or more in 64.38% and 60.25% of the study
population respectively:
42.55 % of study population who had visited <4 times to antenatal care unit
had low birth weight babies .
57.6% of study population who had registered after 12 weeks had low birth
weight babies
Most of study population had done investigation of Hb%, ABO grouping, Rh
typing ; whereas in around 50% cases VDRL, HIV, Sugar testing are done . : In
majority of cases USG is done :
45% subjects had taken ≥100 IFA tablets, while 10% subjects did not take any
tablet Majority of study population has received both TT1 and TT2 or TT booster.
Most of the mothers were given advices on rest, diet, breast feeding & place of
delivery.
60. Only 30% of the study population was given advice regarding contraception &
around 50-60% of the study population were given advices on different danger
signs
Majority(65%) of the study population have normal birth weight baby & 32% had
low birth weight babies .
Regarding practice , majority of the population have increased diet & did not
perform any strenuous activity during their pregnancy period
Adverse outcomes of pregnancy (Low Birth weight-33%, Abortion, Still Birth,
Neonatal death) were quite common in poor & very poor families and among
illiterates and mothers with spacing <3 years from last child.
51% of mothers who have taken increased diet & 63% of mothers who have not
done any strenuous activity during pregnancy gave birth to babies having normal
birth weight .
61.
62. Analyzing the data collected during the study it is observed that
outcome of pregnancy is indeed related to ANC taken by the mother during
pregnancy. From the study, it is concluded that –
1. Antenatal Care utilization is not up to the mark (i.e. delayed
registration, <4 ANC visits, <100 IFAs intake), which is seen in
considerable no. of mothers. The outcome of pregnancy also have
shown adverse results in some cases where ANC is not up to the mark.
2. Though majority of the mothers were pregnant within 3 years of last
child birth, it was observed that most of them received 2 doses of TT
instead of Booster dose.
3. Mothers who had good practice during pregnancy have shown better
outcome.
4. SES & literacy level also play an important role in the study as it is
observed that adverse outcomes of pregnancy were more common in
poor and very poor family & among illiterates.
63. Hence, from the study it is observed that SES of the parents, their
general awareness about the maternal health & ANC utilization – all contribute
to the outcome of pregnancy. So, to improve the total picture, these areas should
be looked upon to be improved.
64.
65. 1)Outcome of pregnancy can be improved by improving educational status of
the mothers.
2)To educate the community by the village level workers like ASHA, AWW
regarding early registration of pregnancy, adequate number of ANC visits.
3)Counseling of mothers in each antenatal visit regarding rest, diet, danger
signs, institutional delivery, taking iron and FA, TT by the Antenatal Care
providers.
4)Counseling on contraception should be done for proper birth spacing.
5)Improvement of the facility for investigations like VDRL, Hep.B, HIV
testing etc. by proper implementation of RCH II Programme.
6)The study can be improved by increasing the sample size & study duration
66.
67. The study has following limitations :
1. The sample size was small due to shortage of time.
2. Proper documents were not available.
68.
69. We heartily thank all the patients of the post natal ward for their fine co-
operation for providing us all the necessary information for smooth
conduction of our project.
We acknowledge our respected HOD of community Medicine, Prof.
(Dr.) Salil Kumar Bhattacharcharya and all the teachers of the department.
We thank our guides Dr. Sharmila Mallik, Dr. Soma Chakrabarti and Dr.
Manufa Bilkis for their huge help in completing this project. And finally we
would like to acknowledge our Principal Prof. Dr. Samir Chandra Ghosh
Roy.
We extend our acknowledgement to HOD of GYNAECOLOGY &
OBSTRETICS, Prof. (Dr.) Arati Biswas and other teachers of the department
for their help in conducting the project.
70. REFERENCES
1. Dr. Manjula G. Kadapatti, Dr. A.H.M. Vijayalaxmi, Antenatal Care the Essence of
New Born Weight and Infant Development, International Journal of Scientific and
Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2012 1 ISSN 2250-3153.
2. C.S.Metgud*,S.M.Katti, M.D.Mallapur and A.S.Wantamutte, Utilization Patterns of
Antenatal Services Among Pregnant Women: A Longitudinal Study in Rural Area
of North Karnataka, Al Ameen J Med Sci (2009)2 (1 ) : 58 – 62.
3. Nomita Chandhiok, Balwan S Dhillon, Indra Kambo, Nirakar C Saxena,
Determinants of antenatal care utilization in rural areas of India : A cross-sectional
study from 28 districts (An ICMR task force study), J Obstet Gynecol India Vol. 56,
No. 1 : January/February 2006 Pg 47-52
4. K. Park, Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 22e (2013)