This document discusses using HHO gas and LPG enriched gasoline as alternative fuels in a 4-stroke gasoline engine. It begins by introducing the project aims of using non-conventional fuels to address issues with conventional fuels becoming more scarce and costly. It then reviews literature on the development of HHO gas and its use in welding. The document describes the materials and process used to generate HHO gas through electrolysis of water. Experimental tests were conducted to analyze engine performance and exhaust emissions when fueled with gasoline enriched with HHO gas and LPG. The results showed improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions compared to pure gasoline.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
With augmented vehicle quantities during latest period have effected into immense
claim through vestige energy. These have lead with expansion of vehicle via substitute
energy that comprises gaseous energy, bio energy and vegetables oils as stimulate. Power
through hydrogen becomes the prime prospects which wrap the upcoming stipulate of
remnant energy scarcity. Hydrogen as a key substitute energy becomes a substitution
through usual energy. With notable possessions, alike elevated flare rapidity, elevated
calorific value stimulates usage of hydrogen energy like twin fuel manner in diesel engine.
Present study investigates the overall performance and emissions of diesel engine fuelled
through CNSL and hydrogen as dual fuel. The fuels have been tested under stationary,
one cylinder, water chilled diesel engine. Here the hydrogen is added with B20 (20%
CNSL and 80% diesel) fuel for different flow rate namely 4lpm, 8lpm and 12lpm. Engine
test results showed that exhaust emissions are reduced and performance are improved by
adding hydrogen fuel. The results showed that the addition of 8lpm H2 with B20 decreased
the HC and CO emission compared to B20 and neat diesel fuel. The BTE and NOx
increased for the above dual fuel mode. The NOx and exhaust gas temperature are
increased for 8lpm H2 addition with B20 fuel.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
With augmented vehicle quantities during latest period have effected into immense
claim through vestige energy. These have lead with expansion of vehicle via substitute
energy that comprises gaseous energy, bio energy and vegetables oils as stimulate. Power
through hydrogen becomes the prime prospects which wrap the upcoming stipulate of
remnant energy scarcity. Hydrogen as a key substitute energy becomes a substitution
through usual energy. With notable possessions, alike elevated flare rapidity, elevated
calorific value stimulates usage of hydrogen energy like twin fuel manner in diesel engine.
Present study investigates the overall performance and emissions of diesel engine fuelled
through CNSL and hydrogen as dual fuel. The fuels have been tested under stationary,
one cylinder, water chilled diesel engine. Here the hydrogen is added with B20 (20%
CNSL and 80% diesel) fuel for different flow rate namely 4lpm, 8lpm and 12lpm. Engine
test results showed that exhaust emissions are reduced and performance are improved by
adding hydrogen fuel. The results showed that the addition of 8lpm H2 with B20 decreased
the HC and CO emission compared to B20 and neat diesel fuel. The BTE and NOx
increased for the above dual fuel mode. The NOx and exhaust gas temperature are
increased for 8lpm H2 addition with B20 fuel.
hydrogen stored in hydride compounds can be extracted in economical method suggested by cell energy. It can be used as a fuel additive or in fuel cells.
Application of dry cell hho gas generator with pulse width modulation on sinj...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Dry cell HHO gas generator performance optimization was done by varying the duty cycle of pulse width modulation, pwm. HHO
gas generated subsequently applied to the Sinjai spark ignition engine port injection, 2-cylinder 650 cc with gas inlet mechanism
using a venturi. Variations performed on HHO gas generator is the duty cycle of pwm, ie 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% (or the
same as non pwm). The parameters of performance were calculated includes specific energy input, efficiency and temperature of
the HHO generator. HHO gas is obtained then used as a fuel mixture in the Sinjai engine and inserted through a venturi
mechanism which is mounted on the duct of combustion air inlet. Furthermore, the effect of the addition of HHO gas on the
performance of the Sinjai engine measured includes parameters of torque, power, BMEP, specific fuel consumption and thermal
efficiency. Sinjai engine performance optimization done on setting ignition timing for minimum advance for best torque, MBT
mechanism. The results show that optimum performance of HHO gas generator is generated by pwm system with 40% duty cycle
with parameters such as specific energy input of 33,121 MJ/kg, generator efficiency of 20,064% and generator temperature can
be maintained below 60 0C. Application of HHO gas generator in point above on standart ignition timing Sinjai engine produce
in an increase of performance such as torque, power, BMEP and thermal efficiency respectively of 2.27%, 2.76% and 3.05% and
a decrease of bsfc 7.76 %. Retarded ignition timing is adjusted to MBT is able to increase performance such as torque, power,
thermal efficiency, respectively 6.55%, 7,65%, 15,50% and a decrease of bsfc 22,06 %.
Keywords: Sinjai Engine, HHO Gas Generator, HHO Gas, PWM, MBT And Engine Performance
HHO (Oxy-Hydrogen) is non-toxic gas, used as a supplement to any traditional fuels such as Petrol (Gasoline), Diesel, Heavy oil, Acetylene, Propane, Kerosene, LPG etc to.
Increse Engine Performance, Milage
Polution Free Exhaust
www.watercar.in
Hydrogen as an alternative fuel for commercial airplaneseSAT Journals
Abstract Air traffic today contributes about 3% to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. This number may change due to increase of air traffic and the decrease of the major CO2 producers of the day. LH2 could be an alternative to the hydrocarbon fuel like cheap kerosene or any other designed hydrocarbon fuel. It could be fuel suitable for aircraft to be produced from renewable energy and offering extremely low emissions (zero CO2, very low NOX). It has the potential to eliminate the dependency of aviation upon dwindling crude oil resources and to reduce dramatically, the contribution of aviation to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. Use of liquid hydrogen hence could allow sustainable growth of aviation at high rates(typically 4-5% per year) with an extreme low impact on the environment. Keywords: hydrogen, environment, aviation.
Bartholomy Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles Using Mazda Rotary PrototypeCardinaleWay Mazda
Experience Mazda Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and Culture by Visiting and joining the Official Mazda Community at http://www.MazdaCommunity.org for additional insight into the Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and special offers for Mazda Community Members. If you live in Arizona, check out CardinaleWay Mazda's eCommerce website at http://www.Cardinale-Way-Mazda.com
hydrogen stored in hydride compounds can be extracted in economical method suggested by cell energy. It can be used as a fuel additive or in fuel cells.
Application of dry cell hho gas generator with pulse width modulation on sinj...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Dry cell HHO gas generator performance optimization was done by varying the duty cycle of pulse width modulation, pwm. HHO
gas generated subsequently applied to the Sinjai spark ignition engine port injection, 2-cylinder 650 cc with gas inlet mechanism
using a venturi. Variations performed on HHO gas generator is the duty cycle of pwm, ie 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% (or the
same as non pwm). The parameters of performance were calculated includes specific energy input, efficiency and temperature of
the HHO generator. HHO gas is obtained then used as a fuel mixture in the Sinjai engine and inserted through a venturi
mechanism which is mounted on the duct of combustion air inlet. Furthermore, the effect of the addition of HHO gas on the
performance of the Sinjai engine measured includes parameters of torque, power, BMEP, specific fuel consumption and thermal
efficiency. Sinjai engine performance optimization done on setting ignition timing for minimum advance for best torque, MBT
mechanism. The results show that optimum performance of HHO gas generator is generated by pwm system with 40% duty cycle
with parameters such as specific energy input of 33,121 MJ/kg, generator efficiency of 20,064% and generator temperature can
be maintained below 60 0C. Application of HHO gas generator in point above on standart ignition timing Sinjai engine produce
in an increase of performance such as torque, power, BMEP and thermal efficiency respectively of 2.27%, 2.76% and 3.05% and
a decrease of bsfc 7.76 %. Retarded ignition timing is adjusted to MBT is able to increase performance such as torque, power,
thermal efficiency, respectively 6.55%, 7,65%, 15,50% and a decrease of bsfc 22,06 %.
Keywords: Sinjai Engine, HHO Gas Generator, HHO Gas, PWM, MBT And Engine Performance
HHO (Oxy-Hydrogen) is non-toxic gas, used as a supplement to any traditional fuels such as Petrol (Gasoline), Diesel, Heavy oil, Acetylene, Propane, Kerosene, LPG etc to.
Increse Engine Performance, Milage
Polution Free Exhaust
www.watercar.in
Hydrogen as an alternative fuel for commercial airplaneseSAT Journals
Abstract Air traffic today contributes about 3% to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. This number may change due to increase of air traffic and the decrease of the major CO2 producers of the day. LH2 could be an alternative to the hydrocarbon fuel like cheap kerosene or any other designed hydrocarbon fuel. It could be fuel suitable for aircraft to be produced from renewable energy and offering extremely low emissions (zero CO2, very low NOX). It has the potential to eliminate the dependency of aviation upon dwindling crude oil resources and to reduce dramatically, the contribution of aviation to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. Use of liquid hydrogen hence could allow sustainable growth of aviation at high rates(typically 4-5% per year) with an extreme low impact on the environment. Keywords: hydrogen, environment, aviation.
Bartholomy Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles Using Mazda Rotary PrototypeCardinaleWay Mazda
Experience Mazda Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and Culture by Visiting and joining the Official Mazda Community at http://www.MazdaCommunity.org for additional insight into the Zoom Zoom Lifestyle and special offers for Mazda Community Members. If you live in Arizona, check out CardinaleWay Mazda's eCommerce website at http://www.Cardinale-Way-Mazda.com
Thorny Issues of Stakeholder Identification and Prioritization in Requirement...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Identifying the stakeholder in requirement engineering process is one of the critical issues. It
performs a remarkable part for successful project completion. The software project largely depends on several
stakeholders. Stakeholder identification and prioritization is still a challenging part in the software development
life cycle. Most of the time, the stakeholders are treated with less importance during the software deployment.
Additionally, there is a lack of attempt to think about the right project stakeholder by the development team. In
maximum cases, the stakeholder identification technique is performed incorrectly and there is a lack of attempt
to mark out them with priority. Besides, there are so many limitations on the existing processes which are used
for identifying stakeholders and setting their priority. These limitations pose a negative impact on the
development of software project, which should be pointed out by giving deep concern on it. We are aiming to
focus on this typical fact, so that we can figure out the actual problem and current work on identifying
stakeholders and setting their priority.
Keywords: Stakeholders, Stakeholder Identification, Stakeholder Selection, Stakeholder
Prioritization, Stakeholder Value, Software Development
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF 4 STROKE HYBRID (PETROL +WATER) TEST RIGJournal For Research
In the present scenario the growing concern of the people living in every part of society is the ever increasing price of fuel and the harmful effects caused due to higher level of pollutants in the atmosphere. For that search, alternative fuels are encouraged. One of the closest solution to control the above two concern is the evolution of the hybrid vehicle. The water hybrid vehicle uses an HHO (Oxy Hydrogen) generator to supply hydrogen on demand by Electrolysis. This reduces the exhaust gas emitted during the working of engine, and the temperature of the engine is also reduced which is produced by the burning of ordinary fuels. The HHO gas is injected into the inlet manifold of the combustion chamber through the air filter of the engine. It minimizes the carbon deposition in the cylinder thereby increasing the changing period of engine oil it also improves the efficiency of the engine and the life span.
Application of Hydrogen as Fuel Supplement in Internal Combustion Engines-A B...IJSRD
Faced with the ever increasing cost of conventional fossil fuels and the severe environmental pollution, researchers worldwide are working to cost effectively improve internal combustion engines fuel economy and emission characteristics. Recently, use of hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas as fuel supplement for SI and CI engines is considered to be one of the potential solutions to these problems. Hydrogen has many excellent combustion properties that can be used for improving hydrocarbon combustion and emissions performance of both SI and CI engines. This article presents a brief review on the recent progress in the application of hydrogen as a fuel additive to improve the efficiencies and emissions of modern IC engines.
Simulation of Combustion Process with Delayed Entry Technique Using Discrete ...AM Publications
The rapidly increasing worldwide demand for energy and the progressive depletion of fossil fuels has led to an
intensive research for alternative fuels which can be produced on a renewable basis. Hydrogen in the form of energy will
almost certainly be one of the most important energy components of the early next century. Hydrogen is a clean burning and
easily transportable fuel. Most of the pollution problems posed by fossil fuels at present would practically disappear with
Hydrogen since steam is the main product of its combustion. This Paper deals with the modeling of Suction and Compression
Processes for Hydrogen Fuelled S.I.Engine and also describes the safe and backfire free Delayed entry Technique. A four
stroke, Multicylinder, Naturally aspirated, Spark ignition engine, water cooled engine has been used to carrying out of
investigations of Suction Process. The Hydrogen is entered in the cylinder with the help of Delayed Entry Valve. This work
discusses the insight of suction process because during this process only air and Hydrogen enters in to cylinder, which after
combustion provides power. Simulation is the process of designing a model of a real system and conduction experiment with it,
for the purpose of understanding the behavior of the design. The advent of computers and the possibilities of performing
numerical experiments may provide new way of designing S.I.Engine. In fact stronger interaction between Engine Modelers,
Designers and Experimenters may results in improved engine design in the not-to-distant future. A computer Programme is
developed for analysis of suction and Compression processes. The parameter considered in computation includes engine speed,
compression ratio, ignition timing, fuel-air ratio and heat transfer. The results of computational exercise are discussed in the
paper.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEN FUELED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINEijsrd.com
In the history of internal combustion engine development, hydrogen has been considered at several phases as a substitute of hydrocarbon-based fuels. Starting from the 70’s, there have been several attempts to convert engines for hydrogen operation. Together with the development in gas injector technology it has become possible to control precisely the injection of hydrogen for safe operation. Here we are using stainless steel plate as electrode in the electrolytic cell, the electrolyte being water and NACL salt. The electrolytic cell we used is a 12V battery case made of plastic. The cross sectional layers are cut such that the stainless steel plate fix in the battery case. The plates are separated by very small distance and the plates are given parallel holes for electron flow to be uniform. The power source to the kit is provided by a 12V and 9Ams battery. We used a transparent tube to supply the hydrogen produced in the kit to the air hose tube of our motor cycle. In order to keep the battery charged we used two 6 Amp diode to power the battery while running. There is a separate switch to power the kit and to protect the battery from getting drained. The stainless steel plates are of 50cm length, 25cm height, 2 millimeter thickness. The battery case can hold up to 5 liters of electrolyte. The use of hydrogen with petrol to power the vehicle has resulted in increase in vehicle mileage, accelerating speed with most important task of reduction in exhaust emission.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ASSESSMENT OF HYDRO-OXY GAS IN 4-STROKE S.I. ENGINE IAEME Publication
The menace posed by climate change and the striving for security of energy supply is issues high on the political agenda these days. Governments are making strategic plans in motion to reduce primary energy use, take carbon out of fuels and alleviate modal shifts.Electrolysis of water can give us hydrogen in form of oxy-hydrogen gas which can be used as
an alternative fuel for any internal combustion engine.
Simulation of Suction & Compression Process with Delayed Entry Technique Usin...AM Publications
The rapidly increasing worldwide demand for energy and the progressive depletion of fossil fuels has led to an
intensive research for alternative fuels which can be produced on a renewable basis. Hydrogen in the form of energy will almost
certainly be one of the most important energy components of the early next century. Hydrogen is a clean burning and easily
transportable fuel. Most of the pollution problems posed by fossil fuels at present would practically disappear with Hydrogen
since steam is the main product of its combustion. This Paper deals with the modeling of Suction and Compression Processes for
Hydrogen Fuelled S.I.Engine and also describes the safe and backfire free Delayed entry Technique. A four stroke,
Multicylinder, Naturally aspirated, Spark ignition engine, water cooled engine has been used to carrying out of investigations of
Suction Process. The Hydrogen is entered in the cylinder with the help of Delayed Entry Valve. This work discusses the insight
of suction process because during this process only air and Hydrogen enters in to cylinder, which after combustion provides
power. Simulation is the process of designing a model of a real system and conduction experiment with it, for the purpose of
understanding the behavior of the design. The advent of computers and the possibilities of performing numerical experiments
may provide new way of designing S.I.Engine. In fact stronger interaction between Engine Modelers, Designers and
Experimenters may results in improved engine design in the not-to-distant future. A computer Programme is developed for
analysis of suction and Compression processes. The parameter considered in computation includes engine speed, compression
ratio, ignition timing, fuel-air ratio and heat transfer. The results of computational exercise are discussed in the paper.
Hydrogen as a fuel additive to increase the efficiency by reducing the fuel c...jay majmudar
Most of the Automobile industries uses fossil fuels as a prime resource to run the internal combustion engine, from which the power is generated to propel the vehicle. In Present, environmental degradation is a prime concern, and fossil fuels are major reason for causing pollution, also they are on the verge of extinction in mere future. So the present study aims for using hydrogen based internal combustion engine which is equipped with a HHO kit. The kit produces the fresh hydrogen gas using electrolysis process. Engine’s Performance was measured using Dynamometer and the results showed that, considerable increase in the gasoline thermal energy efficiency of the engine, reduction in fuel consumption, reduction in emissions of CO, NOx, was also observed during the experiment.
hydrogen as a fuel additive to increase overall efficiency of vehicle by red...VishalPatelMEng
Most of the Automobile industries use fossil fuels as a prime resource to run the internal combustion engine, from which the power is generated to propel the vehicle. In Present, environmental degradation is a prime concern, and fossil fuels are a major reason for causing pollution, also they are on the verge of extinction in mere future. So the present study aims for using hydrogen-based internal combustion engine which is equipped with an HHO kit. The kit produces fresh hydrogen gas using the electrolysis process. Engine’s Performance was measured using Dynamometer and the results showed that a considerable increase in the gasoline thermal energy efficiency of the engine, reduction in fuel consumption, reduction in emissions of CO, NOx, was also observed during the experiment.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
2. “Optimal performance and Analysis on 4-S Si and CI Engine Fueled with HHO Gas and LPG…
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12644451 www.iosrjournals.org 45 | Page
Fuels from Water Hydrogen Generators have become an essential fuel assistant for internal combustion engine
applications. By converting water into its primary elements of Hydrogen and Oxygen (HHO) and introducing
the hydrogen/oxygen gas in conjunction with your regular fuel, our Hydrogen Generator can improve the fuel
economy of your engine from 15 - 45%+ as well as drastically lower emissions to exceptionally clean standards
They can be used in any type vehicle, bike, car, truck, diesel truck, boat or stationary engine such as power
generators and irrigation pumps.
HHO MOLECULE:Oxyhydrogen will combust when brought to its auto ignition temperature. For
a stoichiometric mixture at normal atmospheric pressure, auto ignition occurs at about 570 °C (1065 °F). The
minimum energy required to ignite such a mixture with a spark is about 20 micro joules at standard temperature
and pressure, ox hydrogen can burn when it is between about 4% and 95% hydrogen by volume.
When ignited, the gas mixture releases energy and converts to water vapor, which sustains the reaction:
241.8 kJ of energy (LHV) for every mole of H2 burned. The amount of heat energy released is independent of
the mode of combustion, but the temperature of the flame varies. The maximum temperature of about 2800 °C is
achieved with a pure stoichiometric mixture, about 700 degrees hotter than a hydrogen flame in air. When either
of the gases is mixed in excess of this ratio, or when mixed with an inert gas like nitrogen, the heat must spread
throughout a greater quantity of matter and the temperature will be low.
IV. Material Used To Make Hho Dry Cell
(1) Stainless steel 316L grade: In metallurgy, stainless steel, also known as inox steel or inox from French
"inoxydable", is defined as a steel alloy with a minimum of 10.5 or 11% chromium content by mass.
(2) Acrylic sheet
(3) Rubber rings
(4) P.V.C caps
(5) Stainless steel bolts & nuts
(6) Silicon pipe
(7) Distilled water mixed with KOH
(8) Inlet / Outlet valves
(9) SMPS battery
Since stainless steel resists corrosion, maintains its strength at high temperatures, and is easily
maintained, it is widely used in items such as automotive and food processing products, as well as medical and
health equipment. The most common US grades of stainless steel are:
Table 1: Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance Of Stainless Steel
Circuit Diagram
The block diagram of the HHO dry cell consist a battery of 12 volts connected to the fuse of 20 amps. The fuse
is then connected to a switch. An ammeter is kept to measure the readings of the current flowing from the
battery to the HHO dry cell. The positive wire from the ammeter is connected to the HHO dry cell and the
negative is connected to the car grounding. When the process starts HHO is produced and the gas from the
outlet is sent directly to the carburetor with the help of a silicon pipe.
3. “Optimal performance and Analysis on 4-S Si and CI Engine Fueled with HHO Gas and LPG…
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12644451 www.iosrjournals.org 46 | Page
FIG 1: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Arrargement Of Hho Cell
Fig 2: Arrargement Of Hho Cell
V. Working Of Hho Dry Cell
When the current starts flowing through the stainless steel plate’s electrolysis process is carried out
between the two terminals of the plates by which the water molecules get separated as HHO gas. The gas flows
through the bubbler tank provided with a non-return valve to prevent the backpressure of gas. From bubbler the
HHO gas flows through the P.V.C pipe provided at the outlet valve using the silicon pipe the gas flows to the air
intake of the carburetor. Water The most abundant resource on our planet and you can use it as a fuel. That's
Right, a supplementary Fuel from Water Hydrogen Generators have become an essential fuel assistant for
internal combustion engine applications. By converting water into its primary elements of Hydrogen and
Oxygen (HHO) and introducing the hydrogen/oxygen gas in conjunction with your regular fuel, our Hydrogen
Generator can improve the fuel economy of your engine from 15 - 45%+ as well as drastically lower emissions
to exceptionally clean standards . 2 H2O (l) → 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g)
Working Of Hho Gas In Engine
Near the air filter gets mixed up with the air and hydrogen gas coming from the hydrogen dry cell. The
hydrogen gas enriches the fuel air mixture. The enriched fuel air mixture goes in the combustion chamber of the
engine. As the hydrogen gas is highly flammable it helps in efficient burning of the fuel air mixture and removes
the carbon deposits inside the cylinder and helps in running a cleaner engine. The process is as follows, you start
with water and an electrolyte, and there are many different types. You add dc current, the H2o breaks down into
H2 & O [we just call it HHO].
VI. Hho Hybrid Technology
Although the technology has been around for over a century, progress has been slow to develop an
Alternative fuel from this planet's most abundant commodity known as water. With the increased dependence on
fossil fuels from oil, the costs of this vital resource are escalating along with damage caused by air pollution.
Global warming is a very important and real threat issue that can reduce our chances for survival in the future.
4. “Optimal performance and Analysis on 4-S Si and CI Engine Fueled with HHO Gas and LPG…
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12644451 www.iosrjournals.org 47 | Page
Water may just save us, if we use it wisely and keep it from becoming polluted also. The most abundant element
in the known universe is hydrogen. Water is composed of two atoms of hydrogen (H) and one atom of oxygen
(O).Thus H2O= Water.developed a patented pending design that is compact and can fit into almost any vehicle's
motor compartment. They call it a Hybrid Cell HHO Generator. HHO is composed of two separate elements of
Water, consisting of two atoms 1of Hydrogen (H) and one atom of Oxygen (O), thus H2O becomes HHO gas.
The most abundant element in the known Universe is Hydrogen, which is the volatile part of this amazing fuel.
Oxygen does not burn, but it does support combustion. The technology that is used to extract the two elements
from water is known as Electrolysis. Electrolysis of water has been used for experimentation and other industrial
processes for over a hundred years. The HHO fuel systems used today are used primarily as a supplemental fuel
rather than a replacement for gasoline.
The electrolyser, a device for producing HHO, is connected to the engine's air intake plenum or duct by
a hose and HHO is mixed with the air and gasoline as it is drawn into the combustion chamber. The design is
considered an on demand system, meaning that HHO fuel is produced only as is needed, having no storage tank,
and stopping when the ignition key is turned off. Fuel mileage is increased because the gasoline burns more
completely, producing cleaner exhaust emissions, and you can save money on fuel costs and help the
environment by reducing air pollution.
VII. Experimental Tests And Results
Specifications:
Make and model “KIRLOSKER SINGLE CYLNDER DIESEL ENGINE” water cooled engine.
Bore (D) : 80 mm
Stroke (L) :110mm
Speed of engine (N) :1500rpm
Break horse power (B.H.P) : 5 H.P
Compression ratio : 16.5:1
Fuel : Diesel
Specific gravity : 0.8275
Calorific value : 10833 Kcal/Kg
Diameter of break drum : 0.3 m
Diameter of rope : 0.015m
Basic Equatons:
1. Brake power developed by the engine (B.P)
Brake Power = (2πNTx9.81)/ (60,000) KW
N = RPM of the Engine
T = Torque of the engine = f * r
F = Force, R = Radius
2. Mass of Fuel consumed per minute (mf):
mf = (Pipette Reading x ρ x 60)/ T x 1000 Kg/min
ρ = density of Diesel = 0.86 gm/ml
60 = Conversion from sec to min
1000 = Conversion from gm to kg
T = time taken for fuel flow
3. Total Fuel Consumption (TFC):
TFC = mf x 60 Kg/Hr
Mf = Mass of fuel
60 = Conversion from min to hr
4. Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC):
SFC = TFC/ BP Kg/KW-Hr
5. Heat Input (HI):
HI = (T.F.C) / 60 X 60) x CV in KW
CV = calorific value of Diesel = 40,000 KJ/kg
6. Brake thermal Efficiency (ηBth):
ηBth = B.P/HI x 100
7. Indicated Power (IP):
IP = (BP+FP) KW
FP = (1/3) x BP
8. Mechanical Efficiency (ηm):
ηm = BP/IP x 100
5. “Optimal performance and Analysis on 4-S Si and CI Engine Fueled with HHO Gas and LPG…
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12644451 www.iosrjournals.org 48 | Page
VIII. Sample Calculation For Diesel:
Observations:
1. Brake power developed by the engine (B.P)
Brake Power = (2πNTx9.81)/ (60,000) KW
N = RPM of the Engine = 1536
T = Torque of the engine = f * r = 1.035
F = Force = (F1-F2) = (8-1.1) = 6.9Kgf
R = Radius = 0.15 m
BP = (2 x 𝜋 x 1536 x 9.81 x1.035) / (60000) = 1.633 KW
2. Mass of Fuel consumed per minute (mf):
mf = (Pipette Reading x ρ x 60)/ T x 1000 Kg/min
ρ = density of Diesel = 0.86 gm/ml
60 = Conversion from sec to min
1000 = Conversion from gm to kg
T = time taken for fuel flow = 48
mf = (10 x 0.86 x 60)/ 48 x 1000 = 0.01075 Kg/min
3. Total Fuel Consumption (TFC):
TFC = mf x 60 Kg/Hr
Mf = Mass of fuel = 0.01075 Kg/min
60 = Conversion from min to hr
TFC = 0.01075 x 60 = 0.645 Kg/min
4. Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC):
SFC = TFC/ BP Kg/KW-Hr
SFC = 0.645/1.633 = 0.394 Kg/KW-Hr
5. Heat Input (HI):
HI = (T.F.C) / 60 X 60) x Cv in KW
Cv = calorific value of Diesel = 40,000 KJ/kg
HI = (0.645) / (60 X 60) x 40,000 = 7.166 in KW
6. Brake thermal Efficiency (ηBth):
ηBth = B.P/HI x 100
ηBth = 1.633/7.166 x 100 = 21.19 %
7. Indicated Power (IP):
IP = (BP+FP) KW
FP = (1/3) x BP
FP = (1/3) x 1.633 = 0.544
IP = (1.633+0.544) = 2.176 KW
8. Mechanical Efficiency (ηm):
ηm = BP/IP x 100
ηm = 1.633 / 2.177 = 75.04 %
IX. Sample Calculation For Diesel + Hho:
OBSERVATIONS:
1. Brake power developed by the engine (B.P)
Brake Power = (2πNTx9.81)/ (60,000) KW
N = RPM of the Engine = 1560
T = Torque of the engine = f * r = 1.035
F = Force = (F1-F2) = (8-1.1) = 6.9Kgf
R = Radius = 0.15 m
BP = (2 x 𝜋 x 1560 x 9.81 x1.035) / (60000) = 1.706 KW
2. Mass of Fuel consumed per minute (mf):
mf = (Pipette Reading x ρ x 60)/ T x 1000 Kg/min
ρ = density of Diesel = 0.86 gm/ml
60 = Conversion from sec to min
1000 = Conversion from gm to kg
T = time taken for fuel flow = 61
mf = (10 x 0.86 x 60)/ 61 x 1000 = 8.459 X 10−3
Kg/min
3. Total Fuel Consumption (TFC):
TFC = mf x 60 Kg/Hr
Mf = Mass of fuel = 0.01075 Kg/min
6. “Optimal performance and Analysis on 4-S Si and CI Engine Fueled with HHO Gas and LPG…
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12644451 www.iosrjournals.org 49 | Page
60 = Conversion from min to hr
TFC = 8.459 X 10−3
x 60 = 0.507 Kg/min
4. Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC):
SFC = TFC/ BP Kg/KW-Hr
SFC = 0.507/1.706 = 0.297 Kg/KW-Hr
5. Heat Input (HI):
HI = (T.F.C) / 60 X 60) x Cv in KW
Cv = calorific value of Diesel = 40,000 KJ/kg
HI = (0.507) / (60 X 60) x 40,000 = 6.055 in KW
6. Brake thermal Efficiency (ηBth):
ηBth = B.P/HI x 100
ηBth= 1.706 / 6.055 x 100 = 28.17 %
7. Indicated Power (IP):
IP = (BP+FP) KW
FP = (1/3) x BP
FP = (1/3) x 1.633 = 0.544
IP = (1.633+0.544) = 2.177 KW
8. Mechanical Efficiency (ηm):
ηm = BP/IP x 100
ηm = 1.633 / 2.177 = 75.06 %
X. Performance Tables:
Performance Test On The Engine Using Diesel:
Table.2: Performance Test On The Engine Using Diesel
Performance Test On The Engine Using Diesel+Hho:
Table.3: Performance Test On The Engine Using Diesel+Hho
S.NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Loa
d
(F)K
g
F1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
F2 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4
Time for
10CC of fuel t
(sec)
76 72 69 65 60 54 52 50 48 44
N (RPM) 1610 1580 1573 1564 1561 1559 1546 1539 1536 1532
Exhaust Temp 125 126 137 148 154 166 181 193 201 207
TFC 0.407 0.429 0.448 0.476 0.516 0.573 0.595 0.619 0.645 0.703
I.P 0 0.080 0.153 0.232 0.296 0.367 0.420 0.481 0.543 0.597
B.P 0 0.243 0.460 0.698 0.890 1.105 1.262 1.446 1.633 1.794
B.th 0 4.74 8.59 12.27 14.44 16.14 17.75 19.55 21.19 21.36
I.th 0 6.3 11.45 16.35 19.24 21.50 23.67 26.06 28.24 28.47
mech 0 75.23 75.04 75.05 75.04 75.06 75.02 75.03 75.04 75.03
S.NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Load
(F) Kg
F1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
F2 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4
Time for 10 ml of
fuel t (sec)
84 80 78 76 72 69 67 64 61 59
N (RPM) 1620 1602 1591 1580 1576 1569 1564 1561 1560 1554
Exhaust Temp 115 119 122 128 137 147 160 169 179 191
TFC 0.368 0.387 0.396 0.407 0.429 0.448 0.462 0.483 0.507 0.524
I.P 0 0.295 0.587 0.907 1.197 1.482 1.766 2.019 2.274 2.552
B.P 0 0.222 0.441 0.681 0.898 1.112 1.325 1.515 1.706 1.915
B.th 0 4.80 9.32 14.0 17.52 20.78 24.01 26.26 28.17 30.60
I.th 0 6.38 12.4 18.65 23.36 27.69 32 34.99 37.55 40.77
mech 0 75.25 75.12 75.08 75.06 75.08 75.04 75.05 75.07 75.06
7. “Optimal performance and Analysis on 4-S Si and CI Engine Fueled with HHO Gas and LPG…
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12644451 www.iosrjournals.org 50 | Page
XI. Performance Graph
3. Graph between TFC and BP
TFC
(kg/hr)
4. Graph between SFC and BP
5. Graph between ME.EFFI and B.P
(%)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
DIESEL
WITH
HHO+DIESEL
BREAK POWER KW
SFC
(kg/Kw-
r)
BREAK POWER KW
BREAK POWER KW
ME.EFFI
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.20.40.60.8 1 1.21.41.61.8
DIESEL
WITH
HHO+DIESEL
74.9
75
75.1
75.2
75.3
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
DIESEL
WITH
HHO+DIESEL