This document discusses oxy-hydrogen as a fuel. It provides information on hydrogen properties, production methods, storage and delivery, use in internal combustion engines and fuel cells. Some key points are that hydrogen can be produced through various methods but is not naturally found on Earth, it has a high flame temperature but low density, and using it in engines and fuel cells reduces carbon emissions and air pollution compared to fossil fuels. However, hydrogen also has safety and storage challenges that require further research.

2. USE OF OXY-HYDROGEN AS A
FUEL

3. CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 STATUS OF HYDROGEN TODAY
 PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN
 PRODUCING HYDROGEN
 STORAGE AND DELIVERY
 HYDROGEN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
 FUEL CELLS ITS PRINCIPLE AND USES
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 CARBON EMISSIONS
 SAFETY IMPLICATION
 CONCLUSION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

4. INRODUCTION
• Fuel is any material that store energy that can later be extracted to perform
mechanical work in a controlled manner.
• Hydrogen fuel is eco-friendly fuel which uses electrochemical cells or
combustion, in internal engines, to power vehicles and electric devices, it is
also used in the propulsion of space craft.
• Hydrogen produced from renewable energy sources would result in
permanent energy system which would never have to be changed.

5. STATUS OF HYDROGEN TODAY
 Although hydrogen is the most abandoned element in universe, it does not
naturally exist in its elemental form on earth.
 Pure hydrogen must be produced from other hydrogen-containing
compounds such as fossil fuel, bio-mass or water.
 Current leading technology for producing hydrogen in large quantities is
steam reforming of methane gas.
 Engine that burns pure hydrogen produces almost no pollution.

6. PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN
 Atomic number:
 Atomic weight:
 Melting point:
 Boiling point:
 Maximum boiling point:
 Vapour density:
 Specific gravity:
 Flash point:
 Valency:
1
1.0079
-2590 C
-2530 C
-2400 C(at 14 bar)
0.08376 kg/m3 (at 200 C, 1 atm)
0.0696
-2530 C
1
Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, combustible gas.

7. PRODUCING HYDROGEN
 There are more than 200 viable means to produce h2.
Some common methods are:
1. Steam reforming
2. From coal
3. Electrolysis
4. Thermolysis
5. Photo catalytic water splitting
6. Fermentative hydrogen production
7. Bio catalyzed electrolysis

8. STORAGE AND DELIVERY
 Physical storage: liquefaction, compression
 Chemical storage: metal hydrides, complex hydrides
• Suppliers currently transport hydrogen by pipeline or over road ways using tube
trailers or cryogenic liquid hydrogen tankers.
• For a given volume, hydrogen contains a smaller amount of usable energy than other
fuels such as natural gas and gasoline.
• Because of its low volumetric energy density, hydrogen is comparatively more costly
to transport and store.

9. HYDROGEN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
(HICE)
 Small number of vehicle use HICE.
 In general, getting an internal combustion engine to run on hydrogen is not difficult
nut it is challenge to run well.
 H2+O2+N2=>H2O+N2+N0X

10. FUEL CELLS
 Fuel cells are electro chemical devices like batteries that convert the chemical
energy of fuel directly and very efficiently into electricity(DC) and heat, thus
doing away with combustion.
 Unlike a battery, a fuel cell does not run down or require recharging it will
produce energy in the form of electricity and eat as long as fuel is supplied.
 Since conversion of the fuel to energy takes place via an electrochemical
process, not combustion.it is a clean, quite and highly efficient process-two
to three times more efficient then fuel burning.
USES
 Stationary power generation
 Residential
 Transportation-no pollution
 Portable power-miniature fuel cells

11. BASIC COMPONENTS OF HYDROGEN KIT
 HHO FUEL CONTAINER- IT CONTAINS FUEL BOTTLE IN WHICH HYDROGEN IS
STORED
 ECU (ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT)-IT CONTROLS THE WORKING OF HHO
FUEL. IT HAS 4 TERMINALS AND 4 SWITCHES
 ELBOW PIPE-IT IS A CONNECTING PIPE .

12. FUEL CELL: PRINCIPLE
 A fuel cell combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce
electricity.
 The basic principle of the fuel cell is illustrated in the
figure.
 The core of each fuel cell consists of an electrolyte and
two electrodes.
 At the negative anode, a fuel such as hydrogen is being
oxidized, while at the positive cathode, oxygen is
reduced.
 Ions are transported through the electrolyte from one
side to the other.
 The type of electrolyte determines the temperature
window of operation.
 This window of operation in its turn determines the
catalysts that can be used, and the purity of the fuel to
be used.

13. ADVANTAGES
 HHO gas mixture burns nearly 10
times faster than gasoline air
mixture.
 HHO ignition limits are much
wider than gasoline’s so it gives
higher efficiency.
 Very little energy is required to
ignite it.
 Its clean exhaust is the most
attractive feature(no CO).
DISADVANTAGES
 Produces toxic emission of NOX.
 It has very low density either in gas
or liquid form.
 Handing of HHO gas is difficult.
 Storage requires high capital and
running cost.

14. CARBON EMISSION
 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are the common type of gas emitted from
the burning of fossil fuels.
 The higher the carbon content in the fossil fuel or the more inefficient the
burning process is, generally the more CO2 that is produced.
 When this CO2 is released into the atmosphere it remains there until it is
absorbed in some form.
SR NO. FUEL CARBON EMISSION
1. DIESEL 1.20
2. HHO FUEL 0.69

15. Carbon emission of diesel engine with and
without HHO

16. SAFETY IMPLICATIONS
 Low ignition energy
 High flame temperature
 Invisible flame in day light conditions
 Extremely reactive with oxygen and
other oxidizers
 Small molecular size promotes leaks
and diffusion

17. CONCLUSION
 HHO technologies are very promising and can serve as an important foundation in
increasing the mileage of all vehicles by saving fuel and saving environment.
 It was concluded that using HHO fuel in diesel engine the fuel is saved up to 11.5%
per hour and the carbon emissions are reduced from 1.20 to 0.69.
 HHO technology is still considered experimental and the research is further going on
this technology to overcome the disadvantages of this fuel.

18. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 www.Wikipedia.com
 www.Youtube.com
 www.hhogasgenerator.com
 www.gas4free.com/?hop=cbank83706