This document discusses the extraction of essential oils from cashew nuts. It begins by providing background on the cashew tree's origins in Brazil and India's status as the second largest producer. It then describes various extraction methods like roasting, solar cooking, screw pressing, solvent extraction, Soxhlet extraction, and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. It also details applications of cashew nut shell liquid in paints, polymers, rubber products, and medicine. Quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques like HPLC, FTIR, and mass spectrometry are mentioned. In closing, it suggests further studying extraction solvent combinations and comparing Soxhlet extraction to supercritical carbon dioxide extraction.

1. EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL
OILS FROM CASHEW NUT
NAME- VEDANT LAL
ROLL No- 184034

2. ⚫Cashew tree finds it’s origins from the
tropical regions of Brazil
⚫Scientific name- Anacardium occidentale
⚫India- Second largest producer of cashew nuts
⚫CNSL is an agricultural byproduct of cashew
nut production
CASHEW NUT - Origins

3. ⚫ It is a natural oil obtained by distillation having a
characteristic odour of the plant from which it is
extracted
⚫They can used to treat stress, anxiety, headaches,
migraines, insomnia and reducing inflammation
⚫It can be a safe and environmental friendly alternative
to man-made mosquito repellants
⚫Cashew Nut shell Oil is one of essential oils having a
wide number of applications
ESSENTIAL OILS

4. ⚫Reddish brown viscous fluid in the soft honeycomb
structure of the shell of the cashew nut
⚫CNSL contains mainly four components : Cardanol,
cardol, anacardic acid and 6-methyl cardol
⚫They are cheap and abundantly available
CASHEW NUT SHELL
LIQUID(CNSL): ESSENTIAL OIL

5. ⚫Techniques that can be used for the extraction are-
⮚ROASTING
⮚SOLAR COOKERS
⮚SCREW PRESS METHOD
⮚SOLVENT EXTRACTION
⮚SOXHLET EXTRACTION
⮚SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE EXTRACTION
⮚VACUUM PYROLYSIS
EXTRACTION METHODS

6. ⚫Traditional technique of
Extraction
⚫It makes the shell brittle which
helps in the oil extraction
process
⚫Not an efficient technique as
yield obtained is lower than
other techniques
⚫Nuts are roasted in baths at a
temperature of 180-185⁰C
ROASTING

7. ⚫Three types of Roasting-
⚫1) Drum Roasting- Nuts are fed into a rotating red hot
drum for a period of four minutes.
⚫2) Oil bath Roasting- Nuts are passed through a CNSL
bath heated to 170-200⁰c by conveyor buckets for 1-2
minutes.
⚫3) Steam Roasting- Raw nuts are steam cooked and
shell oil can be extracted in the later stages by
crushing.
TYPES OF ROASTING

8. ⚫An experiment was carried out to check the
efficiency of the process
⚫ Parabolic solar cooker of capacity 1.4kw was used
for the extraction of CNSL
⚫Focal point diameter of cooker was used to collect
the reflected heat from the reflector
⚫Aluminium sheet was used as the reflector as it has
reflectivity greater than 75%
⚫ Temperature was maintained at 200-215⁰C
SOLAR COOKERS

9. SOLAR COOKERS
⚫Cooking capacity was 0.013m^3/hr and thermal
efficiency was at 40%
⚫ CNSL to the tune of 0.55m^3/hr from 5kg of shells in
a period of 5 minutes was obtained

10. ⚫Mechanical screw presses are used to extract oil by
squeezing the oil under a high pressure.
⚫It is preferred for small capacity processes which are
typically under 200 metric tons per day
⚫Extraction of CNSL was obtained by means of tapered
compression screw and feeding rollers
⚫Simple in approach and quicker than others
SCREW PRESS METHOD

11. ⚫Also called liquid-liquid
extraction or partitioning
⚫Preferred method of extraction as
yield obtained is maximum
⚫Solvents can be classified as
chlorinated and non-chlorinated
solvents
⚫Diethyl ether is the most
common of the extraction
solvents
⚫Chlorinated solvents have
tendency of forming undesirable
emulsions
SOLVENT EXTRACTION

12. ⚫It is also referred to as continuous
extraction
⚫Takes a minimum time of about 8
hours
⚫Longer extraction time and
consumption of a larger amount of
solvent
⚫It can be used for wide range of
samples
⚫It allows for unattended extraction
and is an effective technique for
extraction
SOXHLET EXTRACTION

13. ⚫PROCEDURE:
⚫25g of crushed cashew nut shell was charged into a
thimble and fitted into the soxhlet extractor
⚫Solvent in setup was heated to its boiling point and
vapour produced was condensed by water flowing in
and out of the extractor
⚫This process of heating and cooling continued until a
sufficient quantity of CNSL was obtained
⚫Solvents were recovered from a simple distillation
method
SOXHLET EXTRACTION

14. SUPERCRITICAL CARBON
DIOXIDE EXTRACTION
⚫This technique helps to avoid the use of organic
solvents which are economically and environmentally
unfriendly
⚫Better recovery of the components and improved
product quality
⚫Types- 1)Typical extraction 2)Pressure Profile

15. ⚫Typical Extraction- System is pressurized with
carbon dioxide and CO2 is allowed to flow through
the extractor at a constant temperature. The extracted
CNSL was collected by depressuring the CO2 and
solute mixing through the expansion valve
⚫Pressure Profile- System pressurized with CO2 was
allowed to flow for some period of time and then CO2
was released slowly to typically atmospheric pressure.
The contents of the extractor were subjected to both
pressurization and depressurization step. The
pressure range was 10-30 MPa and a high yield was
obtained by this method.
SUPERCRITICAL CARBON
DIOXIDE EXTRACTION

16. ⚫Thermal decomposition method for converting
biomass to bio-oil, biogas and bio-char
⚫It can be referred to as carbonization, liquefaction or
gasification depending on product desired is solid
char, liquid fuel and gaseous fuel.
⚫Cashew nut shell on heating to 175⁰C produces a dark
brown oil
⚫On collection of this oil, the CNS was further
pyrolysed at 500⁰C to obtain the remaining oil
⚫Cardanol and cardol are the major constituents
obtained by this method
VACUUM PYROLYSIS

17. ❖ Paints and enamels- Dark colour
of CNSL makes it useful
manufacture of dark coloured
paints and enamels
❖ Polymers- Components of
cardanol can be modified to obtain
dyestuffs, emulsifiers, antioxidants,
stabilizers, accelerators, reclaiming
agents, plasticizers and ion
exchange resins
❖ Lamination- Reduction in
brittleness and improved flexibility
can be achieved by using CNSL in
the lamination industry
APPLICATIONS OF CNSL

18. ❖Rubber products- Enhances the
vulcanizing properties and thus
improves the overall performance of
the rubber products
❖Medicinal uses- Anacardic acid was
found useful against bacteria
involved in tooth decay, acne and
ulcers
❖Pesticidal Action- Cholrinated and
copperized CNSL have pesticidal
effects on insects and fungi
APPLICATIONS OF CNSL

19. Methods used are:
1)High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
2) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
3) Mass Spectrometry
QUANTITATIVE AND
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CNSL

20. ⚫ This oil has got a wide range of applications and hence
study of various extraction processes is gaining attention
from all over the world
⚫ Different solvents or a combination of different solvents
can be tried out for extraction purposes
⚫ Soxhlet extraction provides a higher yield of anacardic
acid than other methods but a drawback of this method is
recovery of solvent completely from oil
⚫ This drawback can be overcome by using supercritical
carbon dioxide method
⚫ Thus further study can be done in this field so as to find
the most effective technique.
FUTURE WORK

21. THANK YOU