poly styrene is a synthetic aromatic polymer made from the monomer styrene. Polystyrene can be solid or foamed. General purpose polystyrene is clear, hard, and rather brittle. It is an inexpensive resin per unit weight. polystyrene is in a solid (glassy) state at room temperature but flows if heated above about 100 °C, its glass transition temperature. It becomes rigid again when cooled .
Plastics has been evolving now a days. Our lives has been filled with plastics. Almost all of our things are made of plastics but do you what it is and what it is made of?
One of the most common and widely used plastic is polyethylene or PE with the resin codes 2 and 4. It is mostly used as plastic bags, food wraps, bulletproof vest, pipes and so many more. Here is a little preview of polyethylene and what is its purpose in our daily lives.
What is polyethylene?
Its properties, structure and applications.
this presentation includes a brief about the HIPS polymer, its chemical & mechanical properties, manufacturing process and applications in various flieds
Introduction, types, raw material, reaction mechanism, manufacturing process, flow sheet of production process, properties, applications, industries in India, commercial name
Melamine resin or melamine formaldehyde is a hard, thermosetting plastic material made from melamine and formaldehyde by polymerization. The presentation includes the preparation of MF, its properties and applications.
Polyethylene is the most common plastic. Its global production is ca. 80 million tones.
Chemical Formula: (C2H4)nH2
http://apps.kemi.se/flodessok/floden/kemamne_eng/polyeten_eng.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene
http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_advantages_and_disadvantages_of_polythene
poly styrene is a synthetic aromatic polymer made from the monomer styrene. Polystyrene can be solid or foamed. General purpose polystyrene is clear, hard, and rather brittle. It is an inexpensive resin per unit weight. polystyrene is in a solid (glassy) state at room temperature but flows if heated above about 100 °C, its glass transition temperature. It becomes rigid again when cooled .
Plastics has been evolving now a days. Our lives has been filled with plastics. Almost all of our things are made of plastics but do you what it is and what it is made of?
One of the most common and widely used plastic is polyethylene or PE with the resin codes 2 and 4. It is mostly used as plastic bags, food wraps, bulletproof vest, pipes and so many more. Here is a little preview of polyethylene and what is its purpose in our daily lives.
What is polyethylene?
Its properties, structure and applications.
this presentation includes a brief about the HIPS polymer, its chemical & mechanical properties, manufacturing process and applications in various flieds
Introduction, types, raw material, reaction mechanism, manufacturing process, flow sheet of production process, properties, applications, industries in India, commercial name
Melamine resin or melamine formaldehyde is a hard, thermosetting plastic material made from melamine and formaldehyde by polymerization. The presentation includes the preparation of MF, its properties and applications.
Polyethylene is the most common plastic. Its global production is ca. 80 million tones.
Chemical Formula: (C2H4)nH2
http://apps.kemi.se/flodessok/floden/kemamne_eng/polyeten_eng.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene
http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_advantages_and_disadvantages_of_polythene
CFR Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nylon Filament is a semi-aromatic polyamide copolymer reinforced with high-modulus carbon fiber. It is an excellent choice for anyone seeking a structural component with high modulus, improved chemical and thermal resistance, and excellent surface quality.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
2. POLYPROPYLENE
INTRODUCTION
POLYPROPYLENE (PP) IS A LINEAR POLYMER, COMPOSED OF REPEATING UNITS OF
ISOPROPANE.
THE MAIN ATTRACTIVE FEATURES OF PP ARE
- EXCEPTIONAL FLEX LIFE,
- GOOD SURFACE HARDNESS,
- HIGH CHEMICAL RESISTANCE,
- GOOD STABILITY IN BOILING WATER,
- EXCELLENT ELECTRICAL PROPERTY
- LONG-LIFE INTEGRAL HINGE APPLICATION.
PolymerizationCH2=CH
H3C
CH2-CH
CH3
n
n
3. PP IS PREPARED BY USING ZIEGLER TYPE CATALYST – TITANIUM TRI
CHLORIDE WITH ALUMINIUM TRI ETHYL, ALUMINIUM TRI BUTYL, OR
ALUMINIUM DI ETHYL CHLORIDE IN NAPHTHA UNDER NITROGEN
ATMOSPHERE TO FORM SLURRY CONSISTING OF 10% CATALYST AND 90%
NAPHTHA.
THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT CAN BE CONTROLLED BY USING HYDROGEN AS A
CHAIN TRANSFER AGENT.
IN SUSPENSION PROCESS, PROPYLENE IS CHARGED INTO THE
POLYMERIZATION VESSEL UNDER PRESSURE WHILE THE CATALYST AND THE
REACTION DILUENT ARE METERED IN SEPARATELY.
• Preparation of Polypropylene
4. PP IS A LINEAR POLYMER WITH LITTLE OR NO BRANCHING.
METHYL GROUP IN THE CHAIN LEADS TO INCREASE IN MELTING POINT AND CHAIN
STIFFENING.
THE TERTIARY CARBON ATOM PROVIDES A SITE FOR OXIDATION SO THAT THE
POLYMER IS LESS STABLE THAN PE IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN.
METHYL GROUP LEADS TO PRODUCTS OF DIFFERENT TACTICITY.
COMMERCIAL POLYMERS ARE USUALLY ABOUT 90-95% ISOTACTIC.
• Structure Property Relationship
CH2-CH
CH3
n
5. TACTICITY
Isotactic
CORPORATE TRAINING AND PLANNING
Syndiotactic
Atactic
C
C
C
C
C
C
CH3
H
H
CH3
CH3
CH3
C
C
H
H H
H
H
H
H
HH
H
C
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
CH
CH3
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
CH3 CH3
C
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
CH
CH3
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
CH3
CH3
6. PROPERTIES OF ISOTACTIC PP
Compare to Polyethylene
It has lower density (0.90 gm / cc).
It has a higher softening point and hence a higher maximum
service temperature.
Articles can withstand boiling water and can be subjected to
steam sterilizing operations.
It has a higher brittle point.
It is more susceptible to oxidation.
Atactic PP
Atactic PP is an amorphous some what rubbery in nature.
Commercial polymer is usually 90-95% isotactic and rest is
7. GENERAL PROPERTIES
Chemical properties
No solvent affects PP at room temperature. Polypropylene will dissolve in
Decaline at 130°C.
Aromatic and chlorinated solvents often swell polymer at elevated
temperature.
Strong oxidizing acids slowly attacks the resin (fuming HNO3)
Electrical properties
PP is an excellent insulator due to its non-polarity.
It is used in many molded products, as well as in winding coils and
transformers.
Flammability
PP burns slowly and can be identified by an odour of crude oil.
Flame–retardant grades are available for specific electrical applications.
Mechanical properties
8. ADDITIVES FOR ISOTACTIC PP
Fillers
• About 3% of PP compounds are filled with talc.
• Talc filler improves stiffness and heat deformation resistance.
Rubbers
• Particularly butyl rubber is used to reduce the brittleness of PP
Carbon black
• To improve the resistance to UV light, carbon black is used as a light
screener
Antioxidants
• Antioxidants are necessary for prevention from adversity of
oxidation.
9. PROCESSING TECHNIQUES
Injection Molding
Recommended processing temperatures are in the range of 210 to
275°C.
Injection pressures are of 150 to 180 MPa depending on the grade of the
material.
Because of crystallanity there is high molding shrinkage and is reasonably
uniform in all directions.
• Extrusion
• Blow moulding
10. APPLICATIONS
• Automotive
PP is used in bumpers, steering wheel covers, profiles,
consoles, door pockets, radiator grills, spoilers, rubbing strips
Packaging
PP is used in packaging for goods wrapping, sleeping bags,
films for packing tobacco products, candy, cosmetics, contact
lens cases, first aid cases, drums
• Electrical / Electronics
PP is used in cable connectors and fittings, cable and
wire coatings, industrial lights
11. Multilayer PP coating for Offshore applications
Car Dashboard and Bumper
Coffee Maker and Toaster
PP furniture