The document describes the process for manufacturing heavy liquid paraffins. It involves treating base oils with oleum to convert unsaturated compounds. The treated oil is then neutralized, purified through steps like IPA washing and water washing. It is blended and filtered through a bed of activated earth to remove any remaining impurities. Finally, it is blended to the required viscosity and packed in drums or tankers.

1. CHEMICAL TREATMENT
OF BASE OILS FOR HEAVY
LIQUID PARAFFINS
Savita Oil Technologies Limited
Rishen Kapoor - 210
MBA Tech (Chem)

2. LIQUID PARAFFIN
• Liquid Paraffins are manufactured from highly
refined Base Oils and consist of saturated
paraffinic and cycloparaffinic hydrocarbons.
• The refinement process ensures complete
removal of aromatics, sulphur and nitrogen
compounds.
• The technologies employed result in products
that are highly stable over time besides being
hydrophobic, colourless, odourless and tasteless.
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3. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• Liquid paraffin is an oily, transparent, colourless
liquid.
• At room temperature it is odourless and
tasteless. However, when heated it does have a
slightly unpleasant petroleum smell.
• It does not dissolve in water, glycerol or cold
ethanol. It does dissolve in benzene, ether,
chloroform and hot ethanol.
• It has a density of 0.8 gm/cm3.
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4. PLANT INTRODUCTION
• The heavy liquid paraffin plant is a batch
operation type plant, it is active for 300 days in a
year not including emergency shutdown.
• The installed capacity 900 kilo litres/month,
currently the plant is working at 600 kilo/litres
per month due to customer demand.
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5. Base
Oils
Oleum
23%
Iso
Propyl
Alcohol
Caustic
Lye
Fuller’s
Earth
Raw
Materials
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6. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
1) Oleum treatment of base oil.
2) Purification of treated oil.
3) Blending & earth filtration
4) Packing of Products.
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7. • Base oils are treated with oleum to convert the
unsaturated aromatics present, into corresponding
sulphonic acids
• the oil obtained after this step is acidic and is called
sour oil, the sour oil is sent to the next stage for
neutralization.
• This Sour oil is neutralised with a caustic solution
and the traces of sulphonates present in the oil as
impurity, are removed by extracting this oil with
I.P.A.
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MANUFACTURING PROCESS

8. • This Sour oil is neutralised in the neutralizer
with the addition of a caustic solution and the
traces of sulphonates present in the oil as
impurity, are removed by extracting this oil with
I.P.A. (iso propyl alcohol)
• The resultant oil is considered to be pure .This
oil is first dehydrated and then blended with
other suitable oils and filtered to get liquid
paraffin as desired by end-user requirements.
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MANUFACTURING PROCESS

9. OLEUM TREATMENT
Receiving
base oil in the
Sulfonator
from the
storage tank
Oleum
Treatment
Sludge
Removal
Transfer the
treated oil to
the next
operation
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10. 10

11. SR
NO
PROCEDURE TEMPERATURE
(DEGREES
CELSIUS)
TIME (HOURS)
1 Receiving batch from storage tank Room temperature 3
2 Oleum treatment Room temperature
to 55
10
3 Settling Room temperature
to 50
10
4 Sludge separation Room temperature
to 50
2
5 Sampling and quality report Room temperature
to 50
6
6 Transfer to neutralizer Room temperature
to 50
1
Total Time 32
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12. PURIFICATION OF TREATED OIL
Stage 1
Receive
treated oil
in
neutralizer
Stage 2
Neutralisati
on
Stage 3
I.P.A.
Wash
Stage 4
Water
Wash
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Stage 5
Flashing
and
Stripping

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14. Sr No Procedure Temperature (Degrees
Celsius)
Time (Hours)
1 Receiving batch from sulphonator RT to 50 1
2 Neutralization RT to 50 4
3 Settling RT to 40 6
4 Layer separation RT to 40 1
5 IPA wash RT 8
6 IPA layer settling 55-65 6
7 Layer separation 55-65 1
8 Water wash 55-65 4
9 Flashing 50-55 2
10 Stripping to storage tank 100-105 24
Total 57
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15. BLENDING AND FILTRATION ON A BED
OF ACTIVATED EARTH:-
BED
PREPARATON
FILTRATION
PROCESS
DISCARDING
OF THE USED
BED
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16. BED PREPARATION
• Filter bed is a cylindrical vessel with dished ends
and it can take about 3.0 Kg/cm2 pressure.
• The filter plate is dressed with a single layer of
filter paper ,the layer is firmly fixed to the plate
especially at the circumference using a fixing
ring and adhesive. Over this layer activated earth
is charged and levelled.
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17. • The activated earth used in this plant is
produced domestically and costs approximately
Rs 50 /kg .
• The aim in using activated earth for filtration is
to completely remove any trace solids that might
be present and to remove any colour that might
have been imparted to the product during the
process. This process also imparts a lustre/shine
to the finished product.
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BED PREPARATION

18. FILTRATION METHOD
• One or two such filters are used in series to
effectively remove the impurities from the oil
which is taken for filtration.
• The oil percolates through the activated earth by
gravity and is collected in L.P. product receivers.
From the first filter the filtered oil is collected in
an intermediate product receiver from where it
is pumped to the secondary filter.
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19. DISCARDING OF BED
• Samples of the filtered oil are checked periodically
and filtration is continued till the filter sample
confirms to specifications. When the falling sample
does not confirm to specifications, collection of oil in
the product receiver is stopped.
• The remaining oil in the filter bed is collected in the
intermediate product receiver, when the filtration by
gravity stops. The earth is now referred to as the
deactivated earth.
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20. • Deactivated earth still contains some absorbed
oil which is removed by application of air
pressure. The recovered oil is collected and sent
to the storage tank.
• The deactivated earth which is freed from most
of the absorbed oil is discarded. This earth is
sent from the Thurbe plant to a sister plant of
the Savita group wherein it is used as fuel for a
boiler.
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BED PREPARATION

21. 21

22. BLENDING
• The finished product collected in the product
receiver is blended using the blending pump for
a period of 1-2 hours.
It is checked in the quality control department
for viscosity and other special fiacre depending
on the final viscosity required by the customer, it
is blended with oil of required viscosity so that
the blended sample meets customer
requirements.
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23. PACKING
• The oil is packed in standard packing of 210 /
235 litres per drum. The finished product is also
filled in tankers, depending on customers’
requirements.
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