external memmory
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The document discusses the Harvard architecture used in microcontrollers like the 8051. It has 40 pins that can be configured for multiple purposes like address/data transmission, I/O, and memory interfacing. This allows it to overcome pin limitations and access external memory. Different types of program and data memory are described like RAM, ROM, EEPROM and their applications. Interfacing external memory involves connecting address/data pins and using chip selects. The 8051 has separate program and data spaces that can access internal and external memory using instructions like MOVX.
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Memory interface
- Memory interfacing in microprocessor systems involves two main types of memory: read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM).
- Memory is made up of semiconductor devices with each bit stored in a memory cell consisting of transistors. The capacity of a memory chip depends on the number of address pins determining the number of memory locations and data pins determining the number of bits stored per location.
- The two major types of memory are RAM, which can be read from and written to, and ROM, which can only be read from. Common ROM types include PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM, while common RAM types are SRAM and DRAM.
Chapter 2 The 8088 Microprocessor
The document discusses the 8088 microprocessor hardware configuration. It describes the 8088 chip, which contains the microprocessing unit (MPU), and external memory. The 8088 has three buses - control bus, data bus with 8 lines, and address bus with 20 lines. This allows it to access up to 1,048,576 memory locations, with each location being 8 bits. The document then provides an example assembly language program to initialize memory location 00002 with the value 3F. It explains that memory segmentation is used to access memory locations beyond 0000-FFFF, through the use of segment registers like DS which specify the memory segment.
Language 8086
The 8086 is a 16-bit microprocessor that was manufactured in the 1970s-1980s. It has 14 registers, uses 20 address lines and 16 data lines, and can directly address up to 1MB of memory. The execution unit decodes instructions and carries out operations using a 16-bit ALU. Assembly language and simulators like MASM allow programming closer to the machine level for tasks like writing drivers and optimizing programs.
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1) Absolute address decoding - Each memory location has a unique address. Extra decoders are needed but allow easy expansion.
2) Linear select decoding - Simplifies decoding circuits but wastes memory space and makes expansion difficult as multiple addresses map to each location.
The document provides examples of implementing both methods using 8085 with 8KB memory blocks, and discusses advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Diagrams illustrate the memory maps and interfacing circuitry.
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The document discusses various data addressing modes used in Intel microprocessors, including register, immediate, direct, displacement, and register indirect addressing. It explains how each mode works using examples with the MOV instruction. Register addressing uses processor registers as operands. Immediate addressing uses a constant value following the opcode. Direct addressing transfers data between a register and memory location. Displacement addressing is similar but uses an offset. Register indirect addressing accesses memory through a register containing an offset.
Unit 1
This document describes the software architecture of the Intel 8088 and 8086 microprocessors. It covers topics such as the microarchitecture, memory addressing, registers, data types, segmentation, the stack, and input/output. The 8088/8086 use segmentation to access up to 1MB of memory using segment registers and offsets. They contain various registers for data, pointers, indexes, and status flags. Memory is addressed by combining a segment base with an offset to generate a physical address.
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Memory interface
- Memory interfacing in microprocessor systems involves two main types of memory: read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM).
- Memory is made up of semiconductor devices with each bit stored in a memory cell consisting of transistors. The capacity of a memory chip depends on the number of address pins determining the number of memory locations and data pins determining the number of bits stored per location.
- The two major types of memory are RAM, which can be read from and written to, and ROM, which can only be read from. Common ROM types include PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM, while common RAM types are SRAM and DRAM.
Chapter 2 The 8088 Microprocessor
The document discusses the 8088 microprocessor hardware configuration. It describes the 8088 chip, which contains the microprocessing unit (MPU), and external memory. The 8088 has three buses - control bus, data bus with 8 lines, and address bus with 20 lines. This allows it to access up to 1,048,576 memory locations, with each location being 8 bits. The document then provides an example assembly language program to initialize memory location 00002 with the value 3F. It explains that memory segmentation is used to access memory locations beyond 0000-FFFF, through the use of segment registers like DS which specify the memory segment.
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2) Linear select decoding - Simplifies decoding circuits but wastes memory space and makes expansion difficult as multiple addresses map to each location.
The document provides examples of implementing both methods using 8085 with 8KB memory blocks, and discusses advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Diagrams illustrate the memory maps and interfacing circuitry.
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Memory interfacing
INTRODUCTION
We know that a microprocessor is the CPU of a computer. A microprocessor can perform some operation on a data and give the output. But to perform the operation we need an input to enter the data and an output to display the results of the operation. So we are using a keyboard and monitor as Input and output along with the processor. Microprocessors engineering involves a lot of other concepts and we also interface memory elements like ROM, EPROM to access the memory.
Types of Interfacing
There are two types of interfacing in context of the 8085 processor.
Memory Interfacing.
I/O Interfacing.
Memory Interfacing:
While executing an instruction, there is a necessity for the microprocessor to access memory frequently for reading various instruction codes and data stored in the memory. The interfacing circuit aids in accessing the memory.
Memory requires some signals to read from and write to registers. Similarly the microprocessor transmits some signals for reading or writing a data.
But what is the purpose of interfacing circuit here?
The interfacing process involves matching the memory requirements with the microprocessor signals. The interfacing circuit therefore should be designed in such a way that it matches the memory signal requirements with the signals of the microprocessor. For example for carrying out a READ process, the microprocessor should initiate a read signal which the memory requires to read a data. In simple words, the primary function of a memory interfacing circuit is to aid the microprocessor in reading and writing a data to the given register of a memory chip.
The interfacing process involves matching the memory requirements with the microprocessor signals. The interfacing circuit therefore should be designed in such a way that it matches the memory signal requirements with the signals of the microprocessor. For example for carrying out a READ process, the microprocessor should initiate a read signal which the memory requires to read a data. In simple words, the primary function of a memory interfacing circuit is to aid the microprocessor in reading and writing a data to the given register of a memory chip.
I/O Interfacing:
We know that keyboard and Displays are used as communication channel with outside world. So it is necessary that we interface keyboard and displays with the microprocessor. This is called I/O interfacing. In this type of interfacing we use latches and buffers for interfacing the keyboards and displays with the microprocessor.
But the main disadvantage with this interfacing is that the microprocessor can perform only one function. It functions as an input device if it is connected to buffer and as an output device if it is connected to latch. Thus the capability is very limited in this type of interfacing.
8086 memory segmentation
Memory segmentation allows the 8086 processor to access 1 MB of memory using 16-bit registers by splitting the 20-bit physical address into a 16-bit segment address and 16-bit offset address. This organizes memory into segments of minimum 16 bytes and maximum 64 KB in size. The segment registers store the starting address of each segment, and the physical address is regained by multiplying the segment address by 16 and adding the offset. This prevents issues like overwriting memory and allows efficient management of the limited 16-bit addressing scheme.
Advanced microprocessor
Microprocessors are computer components made from transistors on a single chip that serve as the central processing unit (CPU) of computers. Microcontrollers are specialized microprocessors designed to control electronic devices. The key differences are that microcontrollers incorporate additional features like RAM, ROM, I/O ports directly on the chip to be self-sufficient, whereas microprocessors rely on external components. An 80286 microprocessor has features like a 16-bit data bus, 24-bit address bus, and memory management abilities. It was used in early PCs and can address up to 16MB of RAM. Microcontrollers are commonly found in embedded systems like appliances and control specific tasks without changes throughout their lifetime.
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Protection mode
The document discusses the different operating modes of the 80386 microprocessor including real address mode, protected address mode, and virtual address mode. It describes the global descriptor table, local descriptor table, and interrupt descriptor table which define memory segments and interrupts. The 80386 supports virtual addressing, memory management, and protection through descriptor tables, paging enabled by control registers, and segmentation of the virtual address space.
Banglore
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The document appears to contain a date range from 2011 to 2012. It does not provide any other context or details within the date range. The single entry of "2011-2012" is not enough information to generate a meaningful multi-sentence summary.
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8086 architecture By Er. Swapnil Kaware
The document describes the 8086 16-bit microprocessor, including that it has a 20-bit address bus, 16-bit data bus, 29,000 transistors, and supports up to 1MB of memory. It discusses the 8086's architecture, which has a bus interface unit and execution unit, as well as its 14 16-bit registers including general purpose, pointer, index, and segment registers. The document also covers the 8086's instruction queue and concept of segmented memory addressing.
Intel 80486 Microprocessor
The document discusses the Intel 80486 microprocessor. Some key points:
1) The 80486 is an evolutionary step up from the 80386, integrating the math coprocessor on the chip for faster performance.
2) It has an 8KB internal code and data cache, a floating point unit, and 168 pins in a pin grid array package.
3) The architecture includes address and data buses, cache control signals, and status flags in registers like the 80386. It supports protected mode with virtual memory and multitasking capabilities.
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The document discusses the architecture and features of the 8086 microprocessor. It describes the various components of the 8086 including the Bus Interface Unit (BIU) which handles communication with external memory and I/O devices, the segment registers, instruction pointer, address generation circuit, and execution unit. It also covers the flag register, memory segmentation using segments and offsets, and memory banking using the BHE and A0 pins.
Segment registers
Segment registers specify the location of segments in memory and hold the starting addresses of different segments. The four main segment registers are the code segment register (CS), data segment register (DS), extra segment register (ES), and stack segment register (SS). To reference a specific location within a segment, the processor combines the starting address stored in the segment register with an offset value for that location.
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Computer systems use various ports to connect peripheral devices. Ports are located on both the front and rear of the computer. Serial ports transfer data one bit at a time and are used to connect modems, while parallel ports transfer multiple bits at a time and connect printers and hard disks. Video ports like VGA, DVI, HDMI connect monitors. PS/2 ports connect keyboards and mice, Ethernet ports connect the computer to a network, and audio ports input and output sound. Additional ports include eSATA for external hard disks and USB ports which can replace serial, parallel and PS/2 ports to connect various peripherals using a single standard.
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This document describes the architecture of the 8086 microprocessor. It includes descriptions of the main components: the central processing unit containing the execution unit, instruction unit, memory management unit, and bus interface unit. It then provides details on the execution unit, instruction unit, memory management unit, addressing modes, pin diagram, and references used.
Memory Segmentation of 8086
The document discusses memory segmentation in the 8086 microprocessor. It explains that the 8086 has a 20-bit address bus that can address 1MB of physical memory. This memory can be divided into 16 segments of 64KB each, addressed from 0000H to F000H. Segments are accessed using a segment register to provide the base address and an offset value. Logical addresses are specified as segment:offset pairs, which are combined and shifted to generate the 20-bit physical address. Segmentation allows code, data, and stacks to be separated and permits relocation of programs in memory.
The x86 Family
The document provides an overview of x86 assembly language architecture, including:
1) It describes the basic components of an x86 microcomputer including the CPU, memory, input/output ports, and motherboard.
2) It explains x86 processor architecture concepts such as modes of operation, registers, addressing modes, and the evolution of Intel processors.
3) It covers x86 memory management in real mode and protected mode as well as paging and segmentation.
Question Bank Microprocessor 8085
This document contains a question bank for the subject "Microprocessor & Interfaces" provided by Dr. Nilesh Bhaskarrao Bahadure of the Department of Electronics Engineering. It includes short answer, mid-range, and long answer type questions related to the architecture, operation, registers, pins, signals, addressing modes and instructions of the 8085 microprocessor. The questions cover topics such as the components of a computer system, microprocessor architecture, assembly language, interrupts, memory interfacing, I/O techniques and programming of the 8085 microprocessor.
X86 Architecture
The document provides an introduction to the x86 architecture. It discusses that x86 is based on the Intel 8086 CPU from 1978 and has evolved over numerous enhancements. The core components of x86 include 8 general purpose registers, 6 segment registers, 1 flags register, and an instruction pointer. x86 CPUs operate in either real or protected mode, with protected mode supporting a flat 32-bit memory model or multi-segmented memory model using segment registers.
Highridge ISA
The ADD instruction performs 32-bit addition of two register operands and stores the result in a third register. It updates the N, C, Z, and V flags based on the result. There are no limitations. Examples demonstrate adding two values and storing the result in a third register.
Memory interfacing
INTRODUCTION
We know that a microprocessor is the CPU of a computer. A microprocessor can perform some operation on a data and give the output. But to perform the operation we need an input to enter the data and an output to display the results of the operation. So we are using a keyboard and monitor as Input and output along with the processor. Microprocessors engineering involves a lot of other concepts and we also interface memory elements like ROM, EPROM to access the memory.
Types of Interfacing
There are two types of interfacing in context of the 8085 processor.
Memory Interfacing.
I/O Interfacing.
Memory Interfacing:
While executing an instruction, there is a necessity for the microprocessor to access memory frequently for reading various instruction codes and data stored in the memory. The interfacing circuit aids in accessing the memory.
Memory requires some signals to read from and write to registers. Similarly the microprocessor transmits some signals for reading or writing a data.
But what is the purpose of interfacing circuit here?
The interfacing process involves matching the memory requirements with the microprocessor signals. The interfacing circuit therefore should be designed in such a way that it matches the memory signal requirements with the signals of the microprocessor. For example for carrying out a READ process, the microprocessor should initiate a read signal which the memory requires to read a data. In simple words, the primary function of a memory interfacing circuit is to aid the microprocessor in reading and writing a data to the given register of a memory chip.
The interfacing process involves matching the memory requirements with the microprocessor signals. The interfacing circuit therefore should be designed in such a way that it matches the memory signal requirements with the signals of the microprocessor. For example for carrying out a READ process, the microprocessor should initiate a read signal which the memory requires to read a data. In simple words, the primary function of a memory interfacing circuit is to aid the microprocessor in reading and writing a data to the given register of a memory chip.
I/O Interfacing:
We know that keyboard and Displays are used as communication channel with outside world. So it is necessary that we interface keyboard and displays with the microprocessor. This is called I/O interfacing. In this type of interfacing we use latches and buffers for interfacing the keyboards and displays with the microprocessor.
But the main disadvantage with this interfacing is that the microprocessor can perform only one function. It functions as an input device if it is connected to buffer and as an output device if it is connected to latch. Thus the capability is very limited in this type of interfacing.
8086 memory segmentation
Memory segmentation allows the 8086 processor to access 1 MB of memory using 16-bit registers by splitting the 20-bit physical address into a 16-bit segment address and 16-bit offset address. This organizes memory into segments of minimum 16 bytes and maximum 64 KB in size. The segment registers store the starting address of each segment, and the physical address is regained by multiplying the segment address by 16 and adding the offset. This prevents issues like overwriting memory and allows efficient management of the limited 16-bit addressing scheme.
Advanced microprocessor
Microprocessors are computer components made from transistors on a single chip that serve as the central processing unit (CPU) of computers. Microcontrollers are specialized microprocessors designed to control electronic devices. The key differences are that microcontrollers incorporate additional features like RAM, ROM, I/O ports directly on the chip to be self-sufficient, whereas microprocessors rely on external components. An 80286 microprocessor has features like a 16-bit data bus, 24-bit address bus, and memory management abilities. It was used in early PCs and can address up to 16MB of RAM. Microcontrollers are commonly found in embedded systems like appliances and control specific tasks without changes throughout their lifetime.
80486
The document discusses the Intel 80486 microprocessor chip. It was a 32-bit chip containing over 1.2 million transistors that operated between 20-100 MHz and was capable of 70 million instructions per second. The 80486 had 32-bit registers and data bus. It provided significantly improved performance over the 80386 through its 32-bit architecture and internal design.
Protection mode
The document discusses the different operating modes of the 80386 microprocessor including real address mode, protected address mode, and virtual address mode. It describes the global descriptor table, local descriptor table, and interrupt descriptor table which define memory segments and interrupts. The 80386 supports virtual addressing, memory management, and protection through descriptor tables, paging enabled by control registers, and segmentation of the virtual address space.
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Bangalore city
The document appears to contain a date range from 2011 to 2012. It does not provide any other context or details within the date range. The single entry of "2011-2012" is not enough information to generate a meaningful multi-sentence summary.
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Bangalore is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located on the Deccan Plateau and is India's third most populous city. Bangalore experiences distinct wet and dry seasons, with moderate temperatures throughout the year due to its high elevation. The coolest month is December and the hottest is April. Bangalore receives rainfall from both southwest and northeast monsoons, with September, October and August being the wettest months.
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The document summarizes Chalukyan architecture found in Aihole, India. It describes several important early Chalukyan temples in Aihole including the Ravana Phadi cave temple dedicated to Shiva, the Durga Temple with its unusual apsidal shape, the Hucchimalli Gudi temple which was the first to have a porch, and the Lad Khan temple with its unique rooftop shrine. It provides details on the architectural features, sculptures, and historical significance of these early Chalukyan structures from the 6th-8th centuries that mark the origins of a distinct South Indian temple building tradition.
TERI -BANGLORE_Case study
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Bangalore
Bangalore is the capital of Karnataka state located in south-eastern India. It has experienced rapid population and economic growth in recent decades, transforming from a garden city to a major tech hub nicknamed the "Silicon Valley of India." Key challenges facing the city include inadequate and deteriorating infrastructure like water supply, sewage, drainage, and transportation to support its growing population. Rapid urbanization has also negatively impacted the environment through issues such as increased pollution, loss of green spaces, and rising temperatures.
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The Chalukyan dynasty ruled northern Karnataka during the 6th century and made significant contributions to temple architecture. They blended elements of Dravidian and Nagara styles into their unique Vesara style. Important examples include the rock-cut temples at Aihole, which is considered the cradle of Indian architecture, and the cave temples at Badami decorated with sculptures. The Virupaksha Temple at Pattadakal, dedicated to Lord Shiva, represents the perfection of the Chalukyan architectural style with its tall vimana and richly carved pillars.
Bangalore
Bangalore is the capital of Karnataka state and was originally established in 1537 as a mud fort. It has grown to become a major economic center known for its information technology industry. The city has a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons and receives rainfall from both monsoons. Its economy is driven by IT, biotechnology, engineering and aerospace industries. Bangalore has a population of over 8 million people and is one of the fastest growing cities in India.
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The document provides biographical information about architect Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi. It details that he was born in 1927 in Pune, India and received his bachelor's degree from J.J. School of Art in 1950. He then worked for four years with Le Corbusier in Paris. In 1956 he established his own private practice called Vastu-Shilpa in Ahmedabad. Some of his notable works include the Aranya Low-Cost Housing Township in Indore and the National Institute of Fashion Technology campus in New Delhi. Doshi's architecture is influenced by traditional Indian concepts and provides flexible, community-oriented designs.
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MICROCONTROLLER 8051
The document provides an overview of the 8051 microcontroller, including its history, architecture, memory organization, registers, I/O ports, and other key features. Some of the main points covered include:
- The 8051 was one of the earliest microcontrollers developed by Intel in 1980 and features 40 pins, 4K ROM, 128B RAM, and four 8-bit I/O ports.
- It has separate memory spaces for program and data memory up to 64KB each. Internal memory includes on-chip ROM and RAM, while external memory can be added.
- Special function registers (SFRs) are located at the top of internal RAM and include registers like ACC, B
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The document discusses different addressing modes of the 8051 microcontroller. It describes five addressing modes: immediate, register, direct, indirect, and index addressing modes. Immediate addressing uses a constant in the operand field. Register addressing accesses operands stored in registers. Direct addressing specifies the operand with an 8-bit address. Indirect addressing specifies a register containing the operand address. Index addressing accesses a look-up table using the accumulator and base register sum as the address.
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unit-2.pptx
The document discusses the 8051 microcontroller. It provides details about the 8051 architecture such as its memory organization, I/O ports, registers, and instruction set. The key advantages of microcontrollers over microprocessors are that microcontrollers have peripherals integrated into a single chip, making the system design simpler and more reliable.
8051.ppt
The 8051 microcontroller has the following key features:
- 4K bytes of ROM, 128 bytes of RAM, four 8-bit I/O ports, and two 16-bit timers. It has pins for serial communication and can address up to 64K bytes each of external code and data memory. The 40-pin device uses 32 pins for I/O, with some pins having dual purposes. It uses a crystal oscillator connected to pins 18 and 19 to generate the clock signal. The 8051 has separate internal memory spaces for code and data and can access additional external memory. Special function registers like the Program Status Word and Accumulator control various functions.
Bus interface 8086
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- The Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus standardizes how peripheral devices connect to computers. It uses configuration codes to identify devices' locations and functions.
- The Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard defines connection interfaces for devices like keyboards, mice, and drives. It uses protocols like bit stuffing and ACK/NAK tokens for data transfer error checking.
- The Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) provides a
Embedded system design using arduino
The slide provides the comparative analysis of 8086, 8051 and other microprocessors, and why Arduino for embedded system design.
8051-microcontroller
The microprocessor and microcontroller have similar basic components like an ALU, registers, and timing circuits. However, microcontrollers have additional built-in components like ROM, RAM, and I/O devices. Microprocessors require more external hardware and are more flexible, while microcontrollers require less external hardware but are less flexible in design. The 8051 microcontroller architecture has features like separate program and data memory, boolean processing instructions, timers/counters, serial interface, and I/O ports that can be configured in different ways.
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The document discusses the features and architecture of the Texas Instruments TMS320C54xx digital signal processor (DSP). It describes the DSP's program sequencer, parallelism and pipelining capabilities, external interfacing features including interrupts and DMA, and its programmable and data memory spaces. The central processing unit contains a 40-bit ALU, two 40-bit accumulators, a barrel shifter, and other components. The DSP has an efficient instruction set and parallel operations that make it well-suited for high-speed signal processing algorithms.
SYBSC IT SEM IV EMBEDDED SYSTEMS UNIT III The 8051 Microcontrollers
The 8051 Microcontrollers: Microcontrollers and Embedded processors, Overview of 8051 family. 8051 Microcontroller hardware, Input/output pins, Ports, and Circuits, External Memory. 8051 Programming in C: Data Types and time delay in 8051 C, I/O Programming, Logic operations, Data conversion Programs
Internal components of PC
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4th yr dmumicrocontroller1
The 8051 microcontroller has 4KB of ROM, 128KB of RAM, and 4 ports with 32 I/O lines. This configuration satisfies the needs of most programmers for developing automation devices. The 8051 has two types of memory - program memory (ROM) for permanently storing programs and data memory (RAM) for temporarily storing data and results. The 8051 has special function registers used for running and monitoring the microcontroller, including registers for timer control, interrupt control, and serial communication.
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The 8051 is an 8-bit microcontroller with separate 64KB code and data memory spaces. It has 4 I/O ports, 128 bytes of internal RAM, and special function registers. The ports have alternate functions including external memory interfacing and serial communication. The memory uses a Harvard architecture with separate address spaces for code and data.
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The document discusses the basic functions and components of a computer system. It explains how the bootstrap loader initializes the operating system during startup by testing hardware, loading the OS into memory, and passing control to the boot record. The major components of a computer include the motherboard, CPU, RAM, expansion slots, input/output ports, and monitors.
System unit and ip cycle
The document discusses the system unit and information processing (IP) cycle. The system unit contains the main components of a computer including the motherboard, processor, memory, ports, power supply, and expansion cards. The IP cycle involves input, processing, storage, and output of data as it moves through the system unit. Key components are described such as the processor, memory types, buses, graphics cards, and sound cards.
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The document discusses the basic components and principles of computer hardware and systems. It describes the main components inside the computer system unit including the motherboard, processor, memory, expansion cards, drive bays, and power supply. It also explains the basic functions of the central processing unit and memory. Common input and output devices are outlined as well as ports, buses, and connection standards used by computers.
Chapter 2-8085 Microprocessor Architecture and Microcomputer Systems
The 8085 microprocessor uses three separate busses - the address bus, data bus, and control bus - to perform operations. The 16-bit address bus allows the 8085 to access up to 64K memory locations. The 8-bit data bus transfers data between the microprocessor and memory or I/O devices in 8-bit chunks. The control bus consists of individual control signals that coordinate operations. Memory is organized into chips that are selected using address lines and chip select signals. This allows the microprocessor to access multiple memory chips within its 64K address range.
Ee6403 --unit v -digital signal processors
The document discusses the architecture of a digital signal processor (DSP). It describes key components like the central processing unit, memory architecture, instruction set, and on-chip peripherals. The CPU contains an ALU, accumulators, barrel shifter, multiplier, and other functional units. It uses a Harvard architecture with separate program and data memories and multiple buses. Pipelining allows overlapping of instruction execution. On-chip peripherals include timers, serial ports, and a DMA controller.
8051 Microcontroller
The document provides information about the 8051 microcontroller. It discusses the internal architecture and features of the 8051 microcontroller. The 8051 has 4KB of ROM, 128 bytes of RAM, four I/O ports, two timers, interrupts and more built into a single chip. It also compares microprocessors and microcontrollers, explaining that microcontrollers have internal memory and I/O ports built-in, while microprocessors do not. Additionally, it outlines the memory organization of the 8051, including its internal and external memory layout.
microcontroller.pptx
The document provides information about the 8051 microcontroller. It discusses the internal architecture and features of the 8051 microcontroller. The 8051 has 4KB of ROM, 128 bytes of RAM, four I/O ports, two timers, interrupts and more built into a single chip. It also compares microprocessors and microcontrollers, explaining that microcontrollers have internal memory and I/O ports built-in, while microprocessors do not. Additionally, it outlines the memory organization of the 8051, including its internal and external memory layout.
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SYBSC IT SEM IV EMBEDDED SYSTEMS UNIT III The 8051 Microcontrollers
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external memmory
- 1. Jomin Mathew Christ university banglore
- 2. Harvard architecture Developed in 1980. Using in embedded systems. It has lots of functionality. It is economically very feasible. It is a 40 pin dual In line (DIP) package. It is performing many functionalities making these 40 pins in dual and triple roles.
- 4. 40 pins Port 0 having 8 pins P0-P7 for address and data transmissions. Port 1 configured for input output Port 2 configured for higher order address Port 3 is having general input output as well as all of them have alternative functions also.
- 5. To facilitate interfacing of external memory some of the ports providing with double and some are providing with triple capability. Eg :Port 0 is having i/o port + address and data . Physically it has 40 pins but functionally it has 40+24+8=72 pins. In this manner pin limitations are overcoming
- 10. 1.Data memory a) Static RAM b)Dynamic RAM These devices are available with different CAPACITY, SPEED & ORGANIZATON
- 11. 2. Program memory a)UV-PROM Erasing its content using UV ray, low cost, very popular. b)EEROM performing writing and reading byte wise, costly. c)FLASH Erase data's in a flash, Very popular. d)NV-RAM Built in battery is there which last for 10 years. hence it is nonvolatile, byte read write facility
- 13. •Memory chip having CS pins. •Data bus of the CPU is directly connected to the data pins of the memory chip. •RD,WD are connected to the OE,WE •In address bus lower bits directly go to the memory chip address pins. •Upper ones are used to activate the chip selection pin. •Nothing will happen in the memory unless CS is activated •3 ways we can perform this.
- 17. Using programmable logic chip such as PAL and GAL Advantage it will accommodate more no of inputs Disadvantage one must have access to a PAL/GAL software and burner.
- 18. External program memory 2 types 1)On chip Internal ROM Internal Contain boot code external ROM contain users program EA=1. 0000-0FFF internal,1000-FFFF External. If the address is> 0FFF then it will automatically access data from external memory 2)Off chip EA=0.
- 20. it has 64k bytes of data memory space. So it has 128k bytes of address space 64 is for data 64 is for program. Program space is accessed using PC. Data memory space is accessing using DPTR register and an instruction called MOVX X:External It means data memory space must be externally
- 22. Using for accessing external data memory space. For external data ROM MOVX A, @DPTR For external data RAM MOVX @DPTR,A