This document summarizes an experimental study that investigated utilizing e-waste plastic in concrete. Concrete cubes were made by replacing fine aggregate at rates of 10%, 20%, 30% and coarse aggregate at rates of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% with e-waste plastic. The compressive strength of the cubes was then tested at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that increasing the amount of e-waste plastic in the concrete mix led to decreased compressive strength. The study aimed to determine the optimal percentage of e-waste plastic that can be used without significantly affecting concrete strength.
IRJET - Experimental Investigation on Partial Replacement of E-Waste as Coars...IRJET Journal
The study experimentally investigates using e-waste as a partial replacement for coarse aggregates in concrete, with replacement levels of 0%, 15%, 25%, and 35%. Concrete mixes were tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at various ages. The results showed that e-waste concrete can achieve comparable or improved strength compared to conventional concrete and e-waste can effectively be used as a replacement for coarse aggregates.
This study investigated utilizing e-waste materials as a partial replacement for sand in concrete. Four concrete mixes were tested with varying amounts of shredded acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic from e-waste replacing sand: 0.72%, 1.44%, 2.16%, and 2.88%. The compressive strength of each mix was tested at 3, 7, and 28 days. The 2.16% plastic mix achieved the highest compressive strength at 28 days. Utilizing e-waste materials in concrete provides environmental benefits by reducing landfill waste while requiring less natural resources. Further study is needed on other mechanical properties and durability.
Analysis of E-waste recycling in Green ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on analyzing the use of e-waste recycling in green concrete. The study substitutes coarse aggregate in concrete mixtures with increasing amounts of crushed electronic waste, from 5% to 25%. All mixtures are tested for compressive strength and workability. Test results found that as e-waste content increases, workability decreases but compressive strength increases up to 15% e-waste, reaching a 15% strength gain. Tests also found that sulfate and chloride attacks had no effect on the strength of e-waste concrete. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the viability of using e-waste as a partial replacement for aggregate in structurally sound concrete.
This document summarizes a study that investigated using a combination of recycled coarse aggregates and e-waste as a replacement for conventional aggregates in concrete. The study tested different proportions of e-waste and recycled coarse aggregates to determine the optimal mix. Specimens were tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days as well as flexural strength. The results showed that a mix with 5% e-waste and 95% recycled coarse aggregates as a replacement achieved compressive strengths meeting standards for use as a sub-base material in low-traffic pavements, providing a potential application for reusing these wastes. Testing of beams with e-waste and steel reinforcement also showed that while e-waste reduced load capacity significantly compared
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF COA...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on using electronic waste (e-waste) as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete. It first discusses the large and growing problem of e-waste disposal worldwide. It then summarizes several studies that investigated how replacing coarse aggregate with crushed e-waste impacted the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. The studies found that e-waste replacement up to 15-20% can increase concrete's compressive and flexural strength. Concrete containing e-waste is also lighter weight, less expensive, and helps safely dispose of e-waste. However, e-waste particles may increase a concrete's ability to conduct electricity. The document concludes that e-waste shows potential as a sustainable partial replacement for natural aggregates in
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STRENGTH OF CONCRETE WITH PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF E WAST...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study on using electronic waste (e-waste) and construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) as partial replacements for coarse aggregate in concrete. The study aims to determine the compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete with 5%, 7.5%, and 10% replacements of coarse aggregate with e-waste. Previous literature on similar studies is reviewed, noting findings like optimal strength with 15% e-waste replacement and decreased flexural but increased compressive strength with e-plastic additions. The materials, mix proportions, and testing methods used are described. The results and discussions section will present and analyze the compressive strength and split tensile test results of the specimens.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Replacement of Coarse Aggregate by E-Waste in Co...IRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental study on replacing coarse aggregate with e-waste in concrete. Concrete mixes were prepared with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% replacement of coarse aggregate by weight with e-waste. Both compressive and flexural strengths were tested at 7 and 28 days. The study found that strength generally decreased with higher e-waste replacement but adding 10% fly ash helped reduce the strength reduction. The 5% replacement level achieved strengths above the target M30 grade and is considered the optimum amount for applications where high strength is not critical. The use of e-waste in concrete provides benefits like reducing construction costs and providing an environmentally-friendly way of reusing this waste stream.
IRJET- Utilization of Plastic Waste in Concrete as Fine AggregateIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on utilizing plastic waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Plastic waste was collected and shredded to be used in concrete mixtures at replacement levels of 0%, 4%, and 8% fine aggregate by weight. Standard concrete mix design of M25 grade and 0.50 water-cement ratio was used. The concrete mixtures were tested for slump, compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days, and density. Previous studies on using plastic waste in concrete are also summarized, showing decreases in compressive strength with higher plastic replacement levels but improvements in properties like crack resistance and ductility. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of plastic waste addition on the compressive strength
IRJET - Experimental Investigation on Partial Replacement of E-Waste as Coars...IRJET Journal
The study experimentally investigates using e-waste as a partial replacement for coarse aggregates in concrete, with replacement levels of 0%, 15%, 25%, and 35%. Concrete mixes were tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at various ages. The results showed that e-waste concrete can achieve comparable or improved strength compared to conventional concrete and e-waste can effectively be used as a replacement for coarse aggregates.
This study investigated utilizing e-waste materials as a partial replacement for sand in concrete. Four concrete mixes were tested with varying amounts of shredded acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic from e-waste replacing sand: 0.72%, 1.44%, 2.16%, and 2.88%. The compressive strength of each mix was tested at 3, 7, and 28 days. The 2.16% plastic mix achieved the highest compressive strength at 28 days. Utilizing e-waste materials in concrete provides environmental benefits by reducing landfill waste while requiring less natural resources. Further study is needed on other mechanical properties and durability.
Analysis of E-waste recycling in Green ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on analyzing the use of e-waste recycling in green concrete. The study substitutes coarse aggregate in concrete mixtures with increasing amounts of crushed electronic waste, from 5% to 25%. All mixtures are tested for compressive strength and workability. Test results found that as e-waste content increases, workability decreases but compressive strength increases up to 15% e-waste, reaching a 15% strength gain. Tests also found that sulfate and chloride attacks had no effect on the strength of e-waste concrete. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the viability of using e-waste as a partial replacement for aggregate in structurally sound concrete.
This document summarizes a study that investigated using a combination of recycled coarse aggregates and e-waste as a replacement for conventional aggregates in concrete. The study tested different proportions of e-waste and recycled coarse aggregates to determine the optimal mix. Specimens were tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days as well as flexural strength. The results showed that a mix with 5% e-waste and 95% recycled coarse aggregates as a replacement achieved compressive strengths meeting standards for use as a sub-base material in low-traffic pavements, providing a potential application for reusing these wastes. Testing of beams with e-waste and steel reinforcement also showed that while e-waste reduced load capacity significantly compared
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF COA...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on using electronic waste (e-waste) as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete. It first discusses the large and growing problem of e-waste disposal worldwide. It then summarizes several studies that investigated how replacing coarse aggregate with crushed e-waste impacted the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. The studies found that e-waste replacement up to 15-20% can increase concrete's compressive and flexural strength. Concrete containing e-waste is also lighter weight, less expensive, and helps safely dispose of e-waste. However, e-waste particles may increase a concrete's ability to conduct electricity. The document concludes that e-waste shows potential as a sustainable partial replacement for natural aggregates in
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STRENGTH OF CONCRETE WITH PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF E WAST...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study on using electronic waste (e-waste) and construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) as partial replacements for coarse aggregate in concrete. The study aims to determine the compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete with 5%, 7.5%, and 10% replacements of coarse aggregate with e-waste. Previous literature on similar studies is reviewed, noting findings like optimal strength with 15% e-waste replacement and decreased flexural but increased compressive strength with e-plastic additions. The materials, mix proportions, and testing methods used are described. The results and discussions section will present and analyze the compressive strength and split tensile test results of the specimens.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Replacement of Coarse Aggregate by E-Waste in Co...IRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental study on replacing coarse aggregate with e-waste in concrete. Concrete mixes were prepared with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% replacement of coarse aggregate by weight with e-waste. Both compressive and flexural strengths were tested at 7 and 28 days. The study found that strength generally decreased with higher e-waste replacement but adding 10% fly ash helped reduce the strength reduction. The 5% replacement level achieved strengths above the target M30 grade and is considered the optimum amount for applications where high strength is not critical. The use of e-waste in concrete provides benefits like reducing construction costs and providing an environmentally-friendly way of reusing this waste stream.
IRJET- Utilization of Plastic Waste in Concrete as Fine AggregateIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on utilizing plastic waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Plastic waste was collected and shredded to be used in concrete mixtures at replacement levels of 0%, 4%, and 8% fine aggregate by weight. Standard concrete mix design of M25 grade and 0.50 water-cement ratio was used. The concrete mixtures were tested for slump, compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days, and density. Previous studies on using plastic waste in concrete are also summarized, showing decreases in compressive strength with higher plastic replacement levels but improvements in properties like crack resistance and ductility. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of plastic waste addition on the compressive strength
Experimental Investigation on E- Waste Concrete Using Non Woven Fabric LinerIRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental investigation on using electronic waste (e-waste) in concrete with a non-woven fabric liner. E-waste is a growing environmental problem, but can potentially be used as a partial replacement for fine aggregates in concrete production. The study tested concrete mixtures with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% replacement of fine aggregates with e-waste. Tests measured the density, compressive strength, split tensile strength, rebound number, and ultrasonic pulse velocity of the different mixtures. Preliminary results found that replacing 10% of fine aggregates provided optimal concrete quality. The addition of a controlled permeable formwork liner was also found to improve the quality of e-waste concrete. Further testing will evaluate
IRJET- A Review Paper on Use of E-Waste in ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document reviews 13 research papers on the use of e-waste as a partial replacement for aggregates in concrete. The key findings from the research papers are:
1) E-waste can partially replace both fine and coarse aggregates in concrete. Replacement levels of 10-15% of coarse aggregates and 5-10% of fine aggregates showed optimal compressive strengths.
2) Concrete with e-waste aggregates has lower density, making it suitable for producing lightweight concrete.
3) E-waste concrete exhibits better resistance to sulfate attack compared to conventional concrete.
4) Using e-waste aggregates in concrete provides an environmentally-friendly way to dispose of e-waste while reducing demands on natural resources.
E Waste Management by Utilization of E-Plastic as Coarse Aggregate in ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study on utilizing e-waste plastic as a substitute for coarse aggregate in concrete. The study aims to address e-waste management and environmental issues by reusing e-plastic in concrete production. Concrete mixtures were prepared by replacing coarse aggregate with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% e-plastic. The mechanical properties of the concrete such as workability, compressive strength, and flexural strength were then tested and analyzed at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that workability increased with higher e-plastic content, while compressive and flexural strengths decreased as e-plastic replacement levels rose.
This document summarizes an experimental study that investigated using iron ore slag dust as a replacement for natural aggregates in concrete. Specifically:
- Iron ore slag dust was collected from iron ore extraction fields and used to replace fine aggregates (less than 4.65mm in size) in concrete at replacement levels of 30% and 40% by weight.
- Concrete mixes were designed to have a water-cement ratio ranging from 8-15% and targeted a compressive strength of M20 grade concrete.
- Test blocks were cast and cured for 7 days, after which their compressive strengths were tested and compared to normal concrete blocks.
- The results showed that it is possible to produce medium and high strength
This document summarizes an experimental study on partially replacing coarse aggregate with crushed ceramic tiles in concrete. Ceramic tiles are an industrial waste that is difficult to dispose of. The study used ceramic tile pieces replacing coarse aggregate at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% replacement levels. It found that compressive strength decreased with higher replacement levels but was still adequate for structural uses up to 30% replacement. Flexural strength followed a similar trend. Thus, the study concluded that crushed ceramic tiles can partially replace coarse aggregate in concrete, providing an economically and environmentally beneficial use of this industrial waste.
IRJET- Utilization of Waste Plastic in ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on utilizing waste plastic in concrete. It begins by providing background on the large and growing problem of plastic waste. It then describes an study that created concrete with 10% waste plastic replacing cement, fine aggregate, or coarse aggregate. The concrete was tested on cubes and cylinders to determine compressive, tensile, and flexural strength at various ages. Results found the strengths decreased with higher plastic replacement but were still within acceptable limits for less important construction uses. In conclusion, utilizing waste plastic in concrete is beneficial for plastic waste management and increasing the durability of the concrete.
IRJET- Utilisation of Plastic as an Aggregate in ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on utilizing plastic waste as an aggregate in concrete. The study aims to partially replace fine aggregate in concrete with plastic waste at percentages of 2%, 4%, and 6% by weight. Iron fibers are also added to compensate for strength loss due to replacement. Concrete cubes were cast and tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. Results show that compressive strength decreases as plastic replacement percentage increases. The 4% replacement mixture with iron fibers achieved strengths close to conventional concrete, suggesting it is suitable for use with 100g of iron fibers per 0.15m^3 of concrete. The study concludes plastic waste can partially replace fine aggregate at up to 4% by weight to
This document discusses a study on the use of waste polythene in concrete. The study found that including waste polythene in concrete mixtures at amounts up to 0.75% by weight of cement led to increased compressive strength at 7 and 28 days, compared to a control mixture without polythene. Further, flexural strength also increased with inclusion of polythene up to 0.75%, above which strengths started to decrease. The optimal amount of polythene replacement was found to be 0.75%, which provided strength gains without significant compromise. The workability of mixtures was reduced as polythene content increased. Therefore, waste polythene can be effectively utilized in concrete production to improve properties while also addressing waste
IRJET - Utilization of Waste Material to Make Green ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on utilizing waste materials to create more sustainable "green concrete." It discusses how concrete production contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and natural resource depletion. Various studies explored partially replacing cement, coarse aggregates, and fine aggregates in concrete with industrial wastes like fly ash, quarry dust, demolished concrete, ceramic waste, and rice husk ash. Results found that compressive strength was maintained with replacements as high as 30-50% depending on the material. Using these wastes reduces costs, pollution, and natural resource consumption compared to traditional concrete. Overall, the document evaluates green concrete as a promising construction material for more sustainable development.
Study of concrete by total replacement of coarse aggregate with recycled plas...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated replacing coarse concrete aggregates with recycled plastic waste at percentages of 10% and 20% by weight. Cubes were cast with different replacement percentages and tested for compressive strength after 7 and 28 days of curing. Results showed that concrete with 10% replacement achieved similar compressive strength to conventional concrete after 28 days, while 20% replacement concrete had lower strength. Researchers concluded that replacing 10% of aggregates could reduce resource usage while maintaining strength properties.
IRJET- Utilization of Waste Plastic as Partial Replacement of Fine and Coarse...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on utilizing waste plastic as a partial replacement for fine and coarse aggregates in concrete blocks. Tests were performed on concrete cubes and cylinders with plastic replacements of 0-20%. Results showed that as plastic replacement increased, slump, compressive strength, and split tensile strength decreased. However, concrete with 5-5% and 10-10% plastic replacement achieved strengths suitable for applications like pathways and external walls. Higher plastic replacements produced lighter concrete suitable for non-structural uses. Thus, plastic waste can partially replace aggregates in concrete, reducing costs and environmental impacts while enabling various construction applications.
IRJET- Crushed Plastic Waste in ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the use of crushed plastic waste as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete. Several concrete mixes were prepared with 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement of coarse aggregate with crushed plastic waste. The workability and compressive and flexural strengths of the concrete mixes were tested and compared to a control concrete mix without plastic waste. The results showed that concrete with 10% plastic waste replacement achieved a compressive strength similar to the control mix. Compressive and flexural strengths decreased with higher levels of plastic waste replacement but remained acceptable. The study concluded that crushed plastic waste can partially replace coarse aggregate in concrete, particularly at a 10% replacement level, providing a potential use for plastic waste while maintaining good concrete
Investigation on Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Brick: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of recycled aggregates in concrete bricks. It discusses partially replacing coarse aggregates with e-waste and fine aggregates with glass waste to produce more sustainable concrete bricks. The review examines the manufacturing process and various tests conducted on the bricks, including compression strength, permeability, chemical tests, and shrinkage and creep. Producing concrete bricks with recycled aggregates could help address waste management issues while maintaining brick strength and durability.
IRJET - Utilisation of Waste Plastic in Concrete Paver Block as a Partial Rep...IRJET Journal
1) The study investigates the use of waste plastic as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete paver blocks.
2) Compressive strength tests at 7 and 28 days were conducted for mixes with 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% plastic replacement by weight.
3) The results showed that compressive strength increased by up to 10.23% at 7 days and 2.95% at 28 days for mixes with 5% plastic replacement, indicating improved properties from partial plastic inclusion.
Experimental Investigation on Utilization of E-Waste in Concrete- Taguchi’s A...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that used Taguchi's statistical optimization method to determine the optimal mix composition for cement-free wastepaper-based lightweight concrete blocks (CWLB). The study found that the ideal CWLB mix included a 2.5 wastepaper aggregate to sand ratio, 0.75 water to binder ratio, and 3.5 metric tons of compaction force. This optimal mix achieved an average compressive strength of 2.71 MPa, density of 901.5 kg/m3, ultrasonic pulse velocity of 989.9 m/s, and estimated elastic modulus of 883.4 MPa. The inclusion of 75% waste material makes CWLB eco-friendly and suitable
Use of Plastic Waste in Bituminous RoadIRJET Journal
This document discusses using plastic waste in bituminous road construction. It begins by introducing the increasing issue of plastic waste due to urbanization and the slow degradation rate of plastics. The authors then review literature that has examined using shredded plastic waste as an additive in bitumen. The methodology section outlines the process of collecting, shredding, and mixing plastic waste with bitumen. Several tests are performed on standard bitumen and a polymer modified bitumen with 5% plastic waste. The results show that the modified bitumen has increased stability and flow values. The conclusion is that using plastic waste in bituminous roads can improve bitumen properties while providing an effective way to dispose of plastic waste.
IRJET- A Review on Behaviour of ECO Green Concrete in Construction IndustryIRJET Journal
This document reviews the behavior of eco-friendly or "green" concrete in the construction industry. It discusses how green concrete uses industrial and construction waste materials like fly ash and demolished concrete rubble as partial replacements for natural aggregates and cement. Using these recycled materials reduces environmental impacts by lowering CO2 emissions in cement production and diverting waste from landfills. The document outlines the materials used in green concrete, its environmental benefits like increased longevity and reduced energy usage compared to traditional concrete. It also discusses production methods and properties of green concrete, concluding it can reduce the construction industry's CO2 emissions while benefiting from cost savings compared to conventional concrete.
IRJET- Study on Concrete Replaced with Crushed Concrete Fine AggregateIRJET Journal
This document studies the use of crushed concrete as a replacement for natural fine aggregate in concrete. Four mixes of M20 grade concrete were tested with fine aggregate replaced at 0% (control), 25%, 50%, and 100% with crushed concrete aggregate. Specimens were tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at ages of 1, 7, and 28 days. Test results found that early compressive strength was lower for mixes with replacement aggregate but 7-day and 28-day strengths increased compared to the control in some mixes. Mixes with 50% and 100% replacement showed increases in split tensile strength at 7 days. Flexural strength increased at 1 and 7 days for mixes with replacement aggregate
Utilization of Electronic Waste Plastic in ConcreteIJERA Editor
In India, bitumen pavements are commonly used for highways. Due to the increasing traffic intensity, distress such as rutting and cracking of pavements are very common in Indian roads. Under varying seasonal temperature, flexible pavements tend to become soft in summer and brittle in winter. Investigations revealed that properties of concrete can be better than bitumen roads. But now a day‟s concrete roads are used commonly because concrete roads have more life span than the bitumen roads. In large cities now a day‟s concrete roads are used because concrete roads are more durable, strengthen and having more life span than bitumen roads. Waste plastics and E-waste (electronic waste) both by domestic and industrial sectors can be used in the production of asphalt mix. Waste plastic, mainly used for packing are made up of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene. Electronic waste, abbreviated as e-waste, consists of discarded old computers, TVs, refrigerators; radios, etc are basically any electrical or electronic appliance that has reached its end of life. An experimental study is made on the utilization of E-waste particles as fine aggregates in concrete with a percentage replacement ranging from 0 % to 21.5% i.e. (7.5%, 15% and 21.5%) on the strength criteria of M30 Concrete. Compressive strength Concrete with and without E- waste plastic as aggregates was observed which exhibits a good strength. The feasibility of utilizing E-waste plastic particles as partial replacement of fine aggregate has been presented. In the present study, compressive strength was investigated for Optimum Cement Content and 7.5% E-plastic content in mix yielded stability and very good in compressive strength of 43 grade cement.
This document summarizes a study on utilizing electronic waste plastic in concrete. The study found that:
1) Electronic waste plastic particles can partially replace fine aggregates in concrete mixes.
2) Compressive strength was tested for mixes with 0-21.5% replacement of fine aggregates with e-waste plastic.
3) The optimum replacement was found to be 7.5%, which yielded good compressive strength around 43MPa.
4) Compressive strength decreased as replacement increased beyond 15%, showing replacement should not exceed 15%.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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IRJET - Utilisation of Waste Plastic in Concrete Paver Block as a Partial Rep...IRJET Journal
1) The study investigates the use of waste plastic as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete paver blocks.
2) Compressive strength tests at 7 and 28 days were conducted for mixes with 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% plastic replacement by weight.
3) The results showed that compressive strength increased by up to 10.23% at 7 days and 2.95% at 28 days for mixes with 5% plastic replacement, indicating improved properties from partial plastic inclusion.
Experimental Investigation on Utilization of E-Waste in Concrete- Taguchi’s A...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that used Taguchi's statistical optimization method to determine the optimal mix composition for cement-free wastepaper-based lightweight concrete blocks (CWLB). The study found that the ideal CWLB mix included a 2.5 wastepaper aggregate to sand ratio, 0.75 water to binder ratio, and 3.5 metric tons of compaction force. This optimal mix achieved an average compressive strength of 2.71 MPa, density of 901.5 kg/m3, ultrasonic pulse velocity of 989.9 m/s, and estimated elastic modulus of 883.4 MPa. The inclusion of 75% waste material makes CWLB eco-friendly and suitable
Use of Plastic Waste in Bituminous RoadIRJET Journal
This document discusses using plastic waste in bituminous road construction. It begins by introducing the increasing issue of plastic waste due to urbanization and the slow degradation rate of plastics. The authors then review literature that has examined using shredded plastic waste as an additive in bitumen. The methodology section outlines the process of collecting, shredding, and mixing plastic waste with bitumen. Several tests are performed on standard bitumen and a polymer modified bitumen with 5% plastic waste. The results show that the modified bitumen has increased stability and flow values. The conclusion is that using plastic waste in bituminous roads can improve bitumen properties while providing an effective way to dispose of plastic waste.
IRJET- A Review on Behaviour of ECO Green Concrete in Construction IndustryIRJET Journal
This document reviews the behavior of eco-friendly or "green" concrete in the construction industry. It discusses how green concrete uses industrial and construction waste materials like fly ash and demolished concrete rubble as partial replacements for natural aggregates and cement. Using these recycled materials reduces environmental impacts by lowering CO2 emissions in cement production and diverting waste from landfills. The document outlines the materials used in green concrete, its environmental benefits like increased longevity and reduced energy usage compared to traditional concrete. It also discusses production methods and properties of green concrete, concluding it can reduce the construction industry's CO2 emissions while benefiting from cost savings compared to conventional concrete.
IRJET- Study on Concrete Replaced with Crushed Concrete Fine AggregateIRJET Journal
This document studies the use of crushed concrete as a replacement for natural fine aggregate in concrete. Four mixes of M20 grade concrete were tested with fine aggregate replaced at 0% (control), 25%, 50%, and 100% with crushed concrete aggregate. Specimens were tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at ages of 1, 7, and 28 days. Test results found that early compressive strength was lower for mixes with replacement aggregate but 7-day and 28-day strengths increased compared to the control in some mixes. Mixes with 50% and 100% replacement showed increases in split tensile strength at 7 days. Flexural strength increased at 1 and 7 days for mixes with replacement aggregate
Utilization of Electronic Waste Plastic in ConcreteIJERA Editor
In India, bitumen pavements are commonly used for highways. Due to the increasing traffic intensity, distress such as rutting and cracking of pavements are very common in Indian roads. Under varying seasonal temperature, flexible pavements tend to become soft in summer and brittle in winter. Investigations revealed that properties of concrete can be better than bitumen roads. But now a day‟s concrete roads are used commonly because concrete roads have more life span than the bitumen roads. In large cities now a day‟s concrete roads are used because concrete roads are more durable, strengthen and having more life span than bitumen roads. Waste plastics and E-waste (electronic waste) both by domestic and industrial sectors can be used in the production of asphalt mix. Waste plastic, mainly used for packing are made up of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene. Electronic waste, abbreviated as e-waste, consists of discarded old computers, TVs, refrigerators; radios, etc are basically any electrical or electronic appliance that has reached its end of life. An experimental study is made on the utilization of E-waste particles as fine aggregates in concrete with a percentage replacement ranging from 0 % to 21.5% i.e. (7.5%, 15% and 21.5%) on the strength criteria of M30 Concrete. Compressive strength Concrete with and without E- waste plastic as aggregates was observed which exhibits a good strength. The feasibility of utilizing E-waste plastic particles as partial replacement of fine aggregate has been presented. In the present study, compressive strength was investigated for Optimum Cement Content and 7.5% E-plastic content in mix yielded stability and very good in compressive strength of 43 grade cement.
This document summarizes a study on utilizing electronic waste plastic in concrete. The study found that:
1) Electronic waste plastic particles can partially replace fine aggregates in concrete mixes.
2) Compressive strength was tested for mixes with 0-21.5% replacement of fine aggregates with e-waste plastic.
3) The optimum replacement was found to be 7.5%, which yielded good compressive strength around 43MPa.
4) Compressive strength decreased as replacement increased beyond 15%, showing replacement should not exceed 15%.
Similar to Experimental Investigation on Utilization of E-Waste in Concrete- Taguchi’s Approach (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.